1.

     Brief the following:

(a)   Mass and momentum conservation equations that describe fluid flow through
porous media.
(b)  Role of non-linear quadratic pressure gradient term associated with the porous
medium fluid flow equation.
(c)   Write down the expression for “Hydraulic Diffusivity”. 
2.     Brief the following:
(a)   Bernoulli’s equation meant for fluid flow through a porous medium.
(b)  Distinguish between “(Intrinsic) Permeability” and “Hydraulic Conductivity”.
3.     Why do you need the concept of “Pressure Head” as against “Hydraulic Head” in a
petroleum reservoir?
4.     Brief the following:
(a)   Why can’t you make use of Navier-Stokes Equation (NSE) to describe fluid flow
through a porous medium?
(b)  Concept of Representative Elementary Volume (REV) for a porous medium.
(c)   Why do you need the concept of a “Control Volume”, while characterizing the
fluid flow in a reservoir?
5.     How does the “hydrodynamics” of multi-phase fluid flow (say, oil-water) in a
petroleum reservoir differ from that of a conventional (say, groundwater flow) single-
phase fluid flow?
Discuss the above in terms of its associated forces, scales and equations with appropriate
sketches.
6.     Distinguish the following (in a reservoir) with equations and sketches:
(a)   Compressible, Slightly-compressible and Incompressible fluid flow.
(b)  Transient-flow; Pseudo-steady-state flow and Steady-state fluid flow.
7.     Does the original Darcy’s law consider “Gravity effect”?
If yes, how will you distinguish the “Role of Gravity” associated with the continuous
fluid flow through a saturated core-sample:
(a)   When the core-sample is kept (completely) horizontal; &
(b)  When the core-sample is kept (completely) vertical.
Explain with sketches.
8.     Does the original Darcy’s law consider “Capillary effect”?
If not, how do you think that you can analyse multi-phase fluid flow using Darcy’s law
associated with a petroleum reservoir?
9.     Why do you need the concept of “pseudo-pressure” and “pseudo-time”, while
describing “gas” flow through a hydrocarbon reservoir?
1.      How will you correlate “Pore-scale Capillary Pressure” with “Larger field-scale
Average Reservoir Pressure”?
Is there a mechanism to bridge this gap?
2.     Relative Permeability (from kro & krw curves): Is it a function of rock or fluid
property? What does it depend on; and why or how?
3.     What do you solve (which dependent variable) in a typical multi-phase (say, oil-
water) fluid flow equation associated with a petroleum reservoir?
Does it involve “Average Reservoir Pressure”?
If not, how will you get the ‘average reservoir pressure’ by solving a ‘multi-phase fluid
flow equation’ associated with a ‘petroleum reservoir’?

1.     Explain in detail the fundamental fluid-dynamics associated with the primary and
secondary oil migrations of a typical conventional petroleum reservoir.
2.     Explain in detail the fundamental fluid-dynamics of methane gas flow associated with
a CBM Reservoir with appropriate equations and sketches.
3.     Explain in detail the fundamental fluid-dynamics of shale gas flow associated with a
Shale Gas Reservoir with appropriate equations and sketches.
4.     Explain in detail the fundamental fluid-dynamics associated with a typical “Hydraulic
Fracturing” with appropriate equations and sketches.
5.     How does the fluid-dynamics of an “abnormally-pressured reservoir” differs from
that of normally-pressured (petroleum) reservoir?
6.     Brief on the basic fluid-dynamics associated with the following processes with a
simple sketch:
(a)   Thermal EOR
(b)  Chemical EOR
(c)   Microbial EOR
7.      What is the very purpose of estimating “pore-scale displacement efficiency”? Can
this concept be attached with Darcy’s law?
8.     Brief on the fluid-dynamics associated with the following:
(a)   Viscous fingering
(b)   Channeling
Explain with sketches.