DRUG STUDY

DOCTOR’S ORDER: Ranitidine

GENERIC NAME: Ranitidine

BRAND NAME: Zantac

CLASSIFICATION: Ranitidine is a commonly used drug, classified as a histamine H2-receptor antagonist,

and belongs to the same drug class as cimetidine and famotidine. This drug helps to prevent and treat
gastric-acid associated conditions, including ulcers, because of its ability to decrease gastric acid
secretion.

MECHANISM OF ACTION: After a meal, the hormone gastrin, produced by cells in the lining of the
stomach stimulates the release of histamine which the binds to histamine H2 receptor leading to the
secretion of gastric acid. Ranitidine reduces the secretion of gastric acid by reversible binding to
histamine (H2) receptors which are found on gastric parietal cells. This process leads to the inhibition of
histamine binding to this receptor causing the reduction of gastric acid secretion. The relief of gastric
acid related symptoms can occur as soon as 60minutes after administration of a single dose and t6he
effects can last from 4-10 hours providing fast and effective symptomatic relief.

INDICATIONS: This drug is used alone or with concomitant antacids for the following conditions: short
term treatment of active duodenal ulcer treating gastric acid hypersecretion due to Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome, systemic, mastocytosis and other conditions that may pathologically raise gastric acid levels.
It also used in the short term treatment of active benign gastric ulcers and maintenance therapy of
gastric ulcers at a reduced dose. In addition to the above, ranitidine can be used for the treatment of
GERD symptoms, treatment of erosive esophagitis (endoscopically diagnosed) and the maintenance of
gastric or duodenal ulcer healing.

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND CAUTIONS: Ranitidine is contraindicated for patients known to have

hypersensitivity to the drug or any of the ingredients. Acute porphyria, treatment with ranitidine may
mask the symptoms of other gastric disease, raised liver enzymes may occur with high doses.

ADVERSE EFFECT: Hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, angioneurotic edema, fever,

bronchospasm, hypotension and anaphylaxis have been reported

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: arrange for regular follow up including blood tests to evaluate effects
DOCTOR’S ORDER: Omeprazole

GENERIC NAME: Zegerid

BRAND NAME: Prilosec

CLASSIFICATION: Omeprazole is in a class of medications called proton-pump inhibitors. It works by

decreasing the amount of acid made in the stomach

MECHANISM OF ACTION: It suppresses stomach acid secretion by specific inhibition of the H+/k+-ATPase
system found at the secretory surface of gastric parietal cells. Because this enzymes system is regarded
as the acid (proto or H+) pump within the gastric mucosa, omeprazole inhibits the final step of acid
production.

INDICATIONS: Omeprazole is used to treat certain conditions where there is too much acid in the
stomach. It used to treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, and gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD)

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND CAUTIONS: Omeprazole is contraindicated in patients with a history of

hypersensitivity to the drug or any excipients from the dosage form. Hypersensitivity reactions like
anaphylactic shock, angioedema, interstitial nephritis, anaphylaxis, urticaria, and bronchospasm may
occur.

ADVERSE EFFECT: Long term side effects

Taking omeprazole for more than a year may increase your changes of certain side effects, including:
bone fractures. Gut infections. Vitamin B12 deficiency-symptoms include feeling very tired, a sore and
red tongue, mouth ulcers and pins and needles.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: Advise patient to avoid alcohol and foods that may cause an increase in GI
irritation. Instruct patient to report bothersome or prolonged side effects including skin problems
(itching, rash) or GI effects (nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, heartburn, flatudence, abdominal
pain)
DOCTOR’S ORDER: Ferrous sulfate

GENERIC NAME: Ferrous Sulfate

BRAND NAME: Fer-In-Sol, Slow Fe, Feosol, Feratab, and many more

CLASSIFICATION: belongs to the class of oral iron bivalent preparations, used in the treatment of anemia

MECHANISM OF ACTION: iron combines with porphyrin and globin chains to form hemoglobin which is
critical for oxygen delivery from the lungs to other tissues. Iron deficiency causes a microcytic anemia
due to the formation of small erythrocytes with insufficient hemoglobin.

INDICATIONS: ferrous sulfate is a medicine used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia. Iron
helps the body to make healthy red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body. Some things such
as blood loss, pregnancy or too little iron in your diet can make your iron supply drop too low, leading to
anaemia.

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND CAUTIONS: you should not use this medicine if you have an allergic reaction
to iron supplements, or if you have a condition called hemochromatosis (iron overload disease) or
hemosiderosis (iron in the lungs) or any type of anemia that is not caused by iron deficiency.

ADVERSE EFFECT: feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) stomach pain or heartburn. Loss of appetite
constipation. Diarrhoea.

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: assess nutritional status, bowel function. Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit,
iron levels.
DOCTOR’S ORDER: Alm Goh

GENERIC NAME: aluminum hydroxide

BRAND NAME: Mylanta, Mygel, DiGel, Gelusil, and Rulox

CLASSIFICATION: is a medication used in the management and treatment of acid indigestion. It is in the
antacid class of drugs

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Alumni hydroxide is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric
acid in gastric secretions. Aluminum hydroxide is slowly solubilized in the stomach and reacts with
hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. It also inhibits the action of pepsin by increasing
the Ph and via absorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur through increases in bicarbonate ion (HCO3)
and prostaglandins

INDICATIONS: aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide are antacids used together to relieve
heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach. They may be used to treat these symptoms in patients
with peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophagitis, hiatal, hernia, or too much acid in the stomach (gastric
hyperacidity)

CONTRAINDICATIONS AND CAUTIONS: decreased kidney function, diarrhea, low amount of phosphate in
the blood, hemorrhoids, a blockage of the intestines with stool, blockage of the stomach or intestine,
constipation, decreased kidney function

ADVERSE EFFECT: Nausea, constipation, diarrhea or headache may occur if any of these effects last or
get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. The magnesium in this product can cause diarrhea

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES: