LR P0057087 AWTLRN103 104 105 Ed2

AWTLRN103 / AWTLRN104 Part 1 /
AWTLRN105
Explore factors which impact the lives

of women
Explore work and training

opportunities
Explore the personal impact of social

equity strategies on a personally
relevant group
Learning Resource
Copyright
© State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Communities

2018
Published by
TAFE Digital
51 Wentworth Rd
Strathfield NSW 2135
Copyright of this material is reserved to the Crown in the right of the State
of New South Wales. Reproduction or transmittal in whole, or in part, other
than in accordance with provisions of the Copyright Act, is prohibited
without the written authority of TAFE Digital.
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Contents
Introduction 5
How things used to be 6
Women’s rights around the world 8

Women’s experiences in other cultures 8
What counts as work? 11

Unpaid work 11
Issues for working women 13

Key issues affecting women 13
Women and work: the facts 19
Knowing your rights 20

Tips for fair treatment at work 21
Finding out more 23
Mei Lin's story 27
Answers to activities 30
P0057087 Learning Resource; AWTLRN103/4/5 Ed2 3

© TAFE Digital 2018, July 2018
Introduction
In this unit you will be able to explore factors which impact the lives
of women, explore work and training opportunities & explore the
personal impact of social equity strategies on a personally relevant
group.

How things used to be
Australian women today have more rights and freedom than at any time in
history. People often talk about the ‘good old days’ – but were they really so
good for women?
Activity 1 - The not so good old days….
Think back over your lifetime or that of an older person you know. What changes have
there been for women and girls in your lifetime? Think about things like:
work education relationships and marriage
being a parent money property freedom
Write down some dot points for 2 or more issues in the space below. For example, here
are a couple of points about ‘work’:
My Mum couldn’t get Parental Leave when she had me in 1974
When my Grandma got married in 1948, she had to resign from teaching






Activity 2: Australian women’s history quiz
Try this quick quiz on the history of women’s legal rights in Australia. Some of the
answers might surprise you! Don’t worry if you don’t know the answers. Remember, it’s
only for fun – so just take a guess.
1 When could non-Aboriginal women in all Australian states first vote in elections?
(a) 1788
(b) 1850
(c) 1908
(d) 1967
2 When did Aboriginal women first get the right to vote?

(a) 1788
(b) 1850
(c) 1902
(d) 1967
3 When did married women get the right to permanent jobs in the public service?
(a) 1966
(b) 1895
(c) 1930
(d) 1910
4 When did it become illegal to refuse to give a woman a job or treat a worker
differently because she was a woman?
(a) 1890
(b) 1966
(c) 1984
(d) 1910
5 From what year could a woman take 12 months off work without losing her job after
having a baby?
(a) 1968
(b) 2001
(c) 1991
(d) 1910
Check your answers at the end of the unit.
Women’s rights around the world
The previous quiz only focuses on Australian women’s legal rights. Women
have different rights and different struggles in different countries and
cultures. Of course, even in Australia, women from different cultural
backgrounds have different experiences of being a woman.
Women’s experiences in other cultures

In the next activity you will get a chance to think about the situation of
women from another country or culture.
You could find out about women’s rights in another culture by:
 writing down what you know from your own experience
 talking to someone from that country and writing notes about what
they say
 going to the library and looking up women’s rights in that country
 looking at websites about women in the country you have chosen

Activity 3: Different cultures, different stories
Step 1: Choose a country that you are familiar with or are interested in learning
about.
Step 2: See what you can find out about the situation of women in that country. You
could write about things like family life, health, work, education, legal rights
or other issues for women.
Step 3: Make some notes about what you have found out, and then write 5 to 10 dot
points or a few sentences on the next page. Please tell us where you found
your information (in ‘Your sources’).
Example:
Here is an example to help you. This is what one woman found out about women in China:
Until the 20th century women in China had very difficult lives.
Today they enjoy equal legal rights with men in regard to ownership of
property, inheritance and access to education and there have been lots of
positive changes in women’s lives.
The Chinese workforce is not as strongly divided by gender as the
Australian workforce. Many Chinese women work in industries like
engineering and construction. In Australia there are still very few women
in these kinds of jobs.
Women in China, like women in Australia, do most of the work around
the home.
Many Chinese employers still prefer to hire men so that they won’t have
to worry about maternity leave and childcare.
In 2017, of the adults who can’t read and write in China, 68% are women.

Write your information about women in the country of your choice here:
Women in ……………………………………………… (Name of Country) _
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Your sources: Where did you find the information? For example, write down the Website
address, Book title and author, Magazine or Newspaper name and date.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

What counts as work?
Activity 4: What is unpaid work
Shopping? Volunteering? Housework?
Childcare? Caring for relatives?
Unpaid work
In 2016, the census showed that women spend more hours per week on
domestic work than men. Adult women in Australia spend on average 5 to
14 hours per week on domestic work, while men spend on average less than
5 hours on domestic work.
The 2016 Australian census also showed that for people 15 years and over;
69.0% of Australia ticked ‘Did unpaid domestic work (last week)’
27.6% ticked ‘Cared for child/children (last two weeks)’;11.3% ticked

‘Provided unpaid assistance to a person with a disability (last two weeks)’
19.0% ticked ‘Did voluntary work through an organisation or group (last 12

months)’

Unpaid work makes a big contribution to the family and society, but it is not
valued as highly as paid work by society.
These days more women are in the workforce and in better careers than ever
before. This is great, but many working women now feel that they are doing
two jobs – one in the home and one at work.
1 About how much time would you spend on unpaid work in a week?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2 Can you think of any other kinds of unpaid work that women or men do?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

Issues for working women
As you learned in the women’s history quiz, it is now illegal for women
workers not to have the same rights and conditions as male workers.
Unfortunately, in reality there are still inequalities between men and women
at work.
In this section you will learn about some of the issues affecting working
women and about the situation of working women in Australia today.
Key issues affecting women

Look at this list of some of the issues that may affect working women:
 equal opportunity
 sex discrimination
 the glass ceiling
 maternity or parental leave
 family-friendly workplaces
 affirmative action
 casualisation of the workforce
 sexual harassment
 non-traditional jobs
 gender segregation

Activity 5: Recognising the issues
Perhaps you already know about some of these issues?
In the table below try and match each issue listed above with the correct explanation.
Example
Issue Explanation
gender segregation Certain jobs are usually performed by either men or women. For
example, childcare, nursing and primary school teaching are jobs
mainly done by women.
Issue Explanation
Being treated unfairly because you are a woman
Fewer full-time and permanent jobs being available to workers,

especially women workers
Professions or jobs that people think of as men’s jobs (for example

building, plumbing, motor mechanics)
A workplace that is flexible because the employer understands that

workers (and especially women workers) have responsibilities outside
of work, like caring for children
A boss or a co-worker making suggestive comments, sexual jokes or
touching you in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable
The same rights, opportunities and pay as men
Leave that all workers are entitled to by law after the birth of a new
baby
Policies to help women get jobs or promotions because women have

been discriminated against in many areas
An invisible barrier that seems to stop women from getting promoted to

high-level positions in their workplaces
Check your answers at the end of the unit.

Activity 6: Sonya’s story
Here is a true story about a working woman called Sonya. Sonya’s story will give you a
chance to think a bit more about some of the issues affecting working women.
Read Sonya’s story and answer the questions that follow.

When Sonya was 29 years old, she applied for the job as the General
Manager of a company that employed about 100 people. She had about
two years management experience after getting very good results in her
Master of Business Administration course.
There were four applicants for the position: an older man, a middle-aged
woman, a young man and Sonya. Sonya did really well in the interview –
better than all the other applicants. She was positive, confident and gave
the kind of answers that the interview panel hoped to hear.
After the interviews the panel were discussing the candidates. Everyone
agreed that Sonya had done the best interview and had the right qualities
for the job.
One of the people on the interview panel was the previous General
Manager – the person the new General Manager would replace. He said
he thought Sonya was at 29 a bit young for the job. The funny thing was
that age wasn’t mentioned when discussing the male candidates even
though one of them was only one year older than Sonya. It seemed that
the idea of a young woman in charge of a big company was a problem, but
a young man in the same role was okay. One of the women on the
interview panel pointed this out and the General Manager admitted that
this wasn’t fair.
As the discussion continued, it was clear that he was still reluctant to give
Sonya the job. The General Manager finally said that, as Sonya had told
the panel that she had recently got married, she would probably be
thinking about having children in the next few years and she might get
pregnant. He said he was concerned that this wouldn’t be good for the
company.
The two women on the interview panel felt pretty strongly that this should
not be the reason that the best person for the job was not hired. One of
them said that if you thought like that, no woman between the ages of 16
and 45 could ever get a job in case they got pregnant! He didn’t really
have an answer for that.
Well, Sonya did get the job. She led the company out of financial trouble
to become a very profitable business, and is still in the General Manager’s
job over 10 years later.
And guess what, Sonya did get pregnant not long after she got the job. In
fact she had three girls under five within six years of taking the job. Each

of the babies spent the first few months of their lives at work with Sonya
at business meetings and in their bassinets in her office.
Yes, Sonya was luckier than many other women. She had a good
education and a job with good pay and a supportive partner and family
who helped her with childcare. Even with all these advantages, Sonya
almost missed out on a job she loves and does very well just because she
was young and a woman.
In Australia, it’s unlawful to disadvantage employees and job seekers in any

way because of their:
 gender
 race
 colour
 sexual preference
 age
 physical or mental disability
 marital status
 family or carer’s responsibilities
 pregnancy
 religion
 political opinion
 national extraction
 social origin
1 Do you know someone who has ever missed out on a job or

something else you wanted because they were a woman or
because of any of the above reasons? If so, how did they feel and
what did they do about it?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2 ‘She might get pregnant.’ What do you think about this
comment? Should this be considered in a job interview?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3 Look back at the list of issues in Activity 5. Which of these

issues could have been important for Sonya and why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Check your answers to Question 2 and 3 at the end of the unit.
Note: Later in this unit you will read Mei Lin’s story and answer some questions as part of
your assignment for this unit. Make sure you check your answers for Sonya’s story before
doing Mei Lin’s story.

Activity 7: Gender Inequality
Look at the following statements about women workers today. Put a T in the box if you
think the statement is true or put an F in the box if you think the statement is false.
Women now earn as much as men.
About 50% of senior executives are now women.
More men than women have permanent, full-time jobs.
Men still dominate certain industries and jobs.
Now read Women and work: the facts on the following page, and see if it matches your
answers.

Women and work: The facts
F (False): Women now earn as much as men.
Fact: Women still do not earn as much as men.
In 2017, Australia’s full-time gender pay gap was

15.3%. Women earned on average $251.20 per
week less than men.
F (False): About 50% of senior executives are now women.
Fact: Men still hold the majority of top jobs.
Less than 20% of senior executives in Australia

are women
T (True): More men than women have permanent, full-time jobs.
Fact: Women do not have anywhere near as

many full-time or permanent positions as men.
Over 70% of all part-time jobs are held by women
Some women prefer to work part time but others

would prefer to be full-time. Part-time workers
earn less money and casual workers have no
holiday or sick pay and no security.
T (True): Men still dominate certain industries and jobs.
Fact: Many industries remain male-dominated.
Very few women work in the best-paid industries

with lots of job opportunities – mining, government
administration, defence, finance and information
technology.

Knowing your rights
One way to be sure you get what you are entitled to at work is to make sure
you know your rights. You may feel nervous asking questions about your
working conditions, but you have the right to know. When something unfair
or dangerous happens, sometimes you just have to speak up.
When you go to work, there are laws to protect your rights. Most employers
will respect those rights and give you all the information you need.
Sometimes employers or co-workers do not respect your rights. It is

important that you know what to do if this happens.
Activity 8: Your rights
Think about the rights in the workplace. See if you can add to the list below.
My rights as a worker could include:

 A safe workplace
 Breaks for meals
 Correct pay
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
 ___________________________
Now read through the Tips for fair treatment at work (on the next page) and see if the
rights you listed are mentioned.

Tips for fair treatment at work
TIP 1: Find out what your pay and conditions should be

There are laws governing both the wages you should receive and working
conditions in your industry.
You need to know:

 what you will be paid, how that was decided and by whom
 what your working hours are, what breaks you get and whether there is
any flexibility in your hours
 how much sick pay and holiday pay you are entitled to
 which superannuation fund your employer will pay your
superannuation into
You should be able to obtain this information from your employer.

Otherwise you can check with the NSW Department of Commerce, Office
of Industrial Relations.
The contact details for this department are listed below in the section
Finding out more.
TIP 2: Contact the NSW Anti-Discrimination Board if

you think you are being discriminated against
You can call the Board if you believe that you:
 did not get a job or a promotion because of your gender, race, colour,
religion, sexual preference, age, physical or mental disability, marital
status, family or carer’s responsibility, pregnancy, political opinion,
national extraction or social origin.
 did not get the same training opportunities or conditions as other
workers
or
 are being sexually harassed
Finding out more.

TIP 3: Make sure that what your employer is asking
you to do is safe
Many people are injured in workplace accidents, and some people die each
year in accidents at work or from health problems caused by the workplace.
You should never do anything at work that will place you in danger.
Examples of workplace dangers could include:

 machines that are old or not working properly
 chemicals that are not being used according to the instructions
 heavy lifting
 slippery floors
If you believe what you are being asked to do is dangerous, tell your
employer. If they will not listen, you can contact Workcover NSW.
Always put your safety and the safety of your co-workers first.
Finding out more.
TIP 4: Find out about your industry trade union and

decide whether you want to join
All workers have the right to join a trade union if they want to. If trade
union members have problems with their employers, the union can help
with legal advice and other support.

Finding out more
You can get more information about women and work in Australia from the
organisations listed below. Contact details include websites and phone
numbers.
Familiarise yourself with their activities and services and contact them if
you have a question or problem.
Note: Most of the organisations listed are based in NSW. There are similar
organisations in other states.Key organisations
NSW Department of Commerce – Office of Industrial Relations
Website: www.industrialrelations.nsw.gov.au/
Telephone: 13 16 28
NSW Anti-Discrimination Board
Website: www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/adb
Telephone: (02) 9268 5544 or call toll free on 1800 670 812 if you live in
rural and regional New South Wales.
The Board can help you with discrimination due to:
 race
 colour
 gender
 sexual preference
 age
 physical or mental disability
 marital status
 family or carer’s responsibilities
 pregnancy
 religion
 political opinion
 national extraction
 social origin

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace
Relations
This Commonwealth department has responsibility for employment-related

matters.
Website: http://www.deewr.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx
If you log on to this website, you can check for information on employment,
workplace relations, jobs, careers, training and wages.
Workcover NSW
Workcover NSW is a government department that promotes workplace

health and safety and oversees the NSW workers’ compensation system.
Website: http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx
Telephone: WorkCover Assistance Service on 13 10 50
Family and Community Services, NSW: Women
This website provides information on government and community services

for women.
Website: www.women.nsw.gov.au
Women’s Information and Referral Service
The Women’s Information and Referral Service is a confidential telephone

contact point for women which provides information about organisations
and services for women in NSW.
Telephone: 1800 817 227 (free call)
or call
TTY: 1800 673 304 (for deaf and hearing impaired women)

Activity 9: Australian equity laws and legislation
Look at the websites listed on pages 23 and 24.
Legislation
The federal Parliament has passed a number of specific Australian equity
laws aim to protect people from certain kinds of discrimination.
For further information on Australian legislation :
 Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986

 Age Discrimination Act 2004
 Disability Discrimination Act 1992
 Racial Discrimination Act 1975
 Sex Discrimination Act 1984
1 Look also at the website: https://www.humanrights.gov.au/human-rights-education-

and-training
How do you think these laws could help someone who wants to study or is already
studying?
These laws could help them in choosing career path knowing their rights and
obligations. ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2 Think about the impacts of the Australian legislation and laws impacting women’s
rights at work.
How do you think these laws could help a woman when they apply for a job or are
already in employment?
I think these laws could help a woman when they apply for a job if she knew that there
was discrimination in the hiring process, she could ________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3 Your Sources
What websites did you access to answer the above 2 questions from this activity?
 http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/Pages/default.aspx
 www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/adb
 _________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________

Activity 10—Mei Lin’s Story
Read Mei Lin’s story and answer the questions that follow. The questions ask you to
identify the issues affecting Mei Lin as a working woman and to give her some advice on
what to do next.
Tip: Try to make use of the information you have studied in this unit when you answer the
questions.
Mei Lin had been working as a casual engineer in the same large
electronics factory for over three years. There weren’t too many women
working on the factory floor, and there weren’t any others who were
engineers. Mei Lin liked most of the male engineers she worked with, but
she was feeling a bit resentful because she had applied for several training
courses and had been refused by her supervisor each time.
It seemed unfair to Mei Lin that the men in the factory were getting to do
the training courses and then were finding it easier to get the permanent
positions and the promotions. This was partly because they had done the
training courses and could put this on their resumes. Mei Lin was pretty
sure she was not getting these opportunities because she was a woman.
As a casual Mei Lin had no sick pay, no holidays, and her supervisor got
very angry if she was even ten minutes late for work because of the kids.
It was very stressful when she or her children were ill, and school holidays
were just a nightmare! It was particularly hard as she didn’t have many
relatives here in Australia to help out her and her husband.
Mei Lin couldn’t see how she would ever get ahead, if she didn’t at least
get some workplace training.
So, one day Mei Lin decided to ask her supervisor straight out why she
was not making progress despite working hard. Her supervisor said that if
Mei Lin stayed back after work, he would have time to talk this over with
her. Mei Lin called a friend to pick up the children, and called her
husband to say she would be late.
She went into the supervisor’s office for the first time ever. She was a bit
shocked to see some pictures of women in swimming costumes and
underwear on his office wall. She was even more surprised and very
uncomfortable when he came and stood behind her and put his hands on
her shoulders while he was talking to her. After a couple of minutes Mei
Lin told him to take his hands off her. He tried to make a joke out of it,
but Mei Lin was not laughing.
When the supervisor saw that she was serious, he told her that if she
wanted a chance to do some training, she would have to be nice to him.

He also said she had better not complain about him touching her to
anyone if she wanted to keep her job.
Mei Lin got up and left without saying a word. She felt angry and very
upset, but did not want him to see this. She went straight to her friend’s
place and asked her for advice.
1) Look back at the list of issues in Activity 6.
Which issues do you think are affecting Mei Lin and how?
 Issue - _______________________________
How is this issue affecting Mei Lin?
 Issue - _______________________________
 Issue - _______________________________
 Issue - _______________________________

2) If you were Mei Lin’s friend, what advice would you give her?
Hint: Try to give her specific advice about what to do when she goes to work the next day,
who to tell, what to say and who to contact for help.

Answers to activities
Activity 2: Women’s history quiz

1 (c) 1908
The first state to allow non-Aboriginal women to vote was South Australia
in 1895 and the last state to allow them to vote was Victoria in 1908.
2 (d) 1967
Neither Aboriginal women nor Aboriginal men could vote in their own
country until the 1967 referendum was passed.
3 (a) 1966
Before 1966 only single women could hold permanent jobs in the public
service. When women got married they had to give up their public service
jobs.
4 (b) 1984
When the Sex Discrimination Act was passed in 1984, it became illegal to
discriminate against women workers. The Act makes it law that women get
equal pay, conditions and opportunities with men in the workplace.
5 (c) 1991
In this year 52 weeks unpaid maternity leave was granted to all Australian
working women who had been in the same job for at least twelve months. It
allowed those who wanted to take leave from their jobs to care for a new
baby to do so. This leave is now called parental leave.
Activity 5: Recognising the issues

Issue Explanation
gender segregation Certain jobs are usually performed by either men or women.
For example, childcare, nursing and primary school teaching
are jobs mainly done by women.
sex discrimination Being treated unfairly because you are a woman
casualisation of the Fewer full-time, permanent jobs being available to workers,
workforce especially women workers

Issue Explanation
non-traditional jobs for Professions or jobs that people think of as men’s jobs (for
women example, building, plumbing or motor mechanics)
family-friendly workplace A workplace that is flexible because the employer
understands that workers (and especially women workers)
have responsibilities outside of work, like caring for children
Sexual harassment A boss or a co-worker making suggestive comments, sexual
jokes or touching you in a way that makes you feel
uncomfortable
equal opportunity for The same rights, opportunities and pay as men
women
maternity or parental Leave that all workers are entitled to by law after the birth of
leave a new baby
affirmative action for Policies to help women get jobs or promotions because
women women have been discriminated against in many areas
the glass ceiling An invisible barrier that seems to stop women from getting
promoted to high-level positions in their workplaces
Activity 6: Sonya’s story

Question 2 – Suggested answer
The General Manager had no right to discriminate against Sonya because

she might get pregnant. This is illegal under the 1984 Sex Discrimination
Act. Sonya could have gone to the Anti-Discrimination Board to complain if
she believed she had missed out on a job because of this.
Question 3 – Suggested answer
The following issues could have affected Sonya as a working woman.

 Discrimination on the grounds of gender and age: She nearly didn’t
get the job because she was a young woman.
 Equal opportunity for women: Sonya had the right to the same pay
opportunities and conditions as a male manager.
 The glass ceiling: The job she was applying for was the top job in the
company and the previous General Manager didn’t seem to think a
young woman should have this job.
 Parental leave: Sonya had the legal right to take maternity leave after
her children were born.
 Family-friendly workplace: Being able to bring the babies in to work
made it possible for Sonya to cope with her high level job and
responsibilities as a parent.


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AWTLRN103 / AWTLRN104 Part 1 /

Explore factors which impact the lives

Explore work and training

Explore the personal impact of social

© State of New South Wales, Department of Education and Communities

Strathfield NSW 2135

In compiling the information contained in and accessed through this

Third party sites

How things used to be 6

Women’s rights around the world 8

What counts as work? 11

Issues for working women 13

Knowing your rights 20

Finding out more 23

Mei Lin's story 27

P0057087 Learning Resource; AWTLRN103/4/5 Ed2 3

P0057087 Learning Resource; AWTLRN103/4/5 Ed2 4

Activity 1 - The not so good old days….

work education relationships and marriage

being a parent money property freedom

My Mum couldn’t get Parental Leave when she had me in 1974

P0057087 Learning Resource; AWTLRN103/4/5 Ed2 5

2 When did Aboriginal women first get the right to vote?

Women’s experiences in other cultures

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Women in ……………………………………………… (Name of Country) _

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Activity 4: What is unpaid work

Shopping? Volunteering? Housework?

Childcare? Caring for relatives?

69.0% of Australia ticked ‘Did unpaid domestic work (last week)’

27.6% ticked ‘Cared for child/children (last two weeks)’;11.3% ticked

19.0% ticked ‘Did voluntary work through an organisation or group (last 12

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Key issues affecting women

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Perhaps you already know about some of these issues?

Being treated unfairly because you are a woman

Fewer full-time and permanent jobs being available to workers,

Professions or jobs that people think of as men’s jobs (for example

A workplace that is flexible because the employer understands that

The same rights, opportunities and pay as men

Policies to help women get jobs or promotions because women have

An invisible barrier that seems to stop women from getting promoted to

Check your answers at the end of the unit.

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Read Sonya’s story and answer the questions that follow.

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In Australia, it’s unlawful to disadvantage employees and job seekers in any

1 Do you know someone who has ever missed out on a job or

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3 Look back at the list of issues in Activity 5. Which of these

Check your answers to Question 2 and 3 at the end of the unit.

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Women now earn as much as men.

About 50% of senior executives are now women.

More men than women have permanent, full-time jobs.

Men still dominate certain industries and jobs.

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Fact: Women still do not earn as much as men.

In 2017, Australia’s full-time gender pay gap was