ku -

BSc (Hons) KDU

P R A B A T H C H A T H U R A N G A

1|Page
 m%Yak m;% wxl 01

I fldgi

(01) laf,daÍka j, ixfla;h jkafka"

(i) KL (iii)CL
(ii) Fl (iv) Cl
(02) weig we;=¿ jk wdf,dalh u.ska odIaá ú;dkh u; jvd;a meyeÈ,s m%;sìïnhla idok ia:dkh
l=ulao@
(i) ly ,mh (iii)reêr .%dysh
(ii) oDIaál iakdhqj (iv) ;drd uKav,h
(03) my; øjH w;ßka ñY%Khla jkafka"
(i) wdiq; c,h (iii)fndr f;,a
(ii) fmd,af;,a (iv) t;s,a uOHidr
(04) wei u.ska jia;j = l we;s .eUqr fyda Wi ksudkh lsÍfï yelshdj y`ÿkajkafka"
(i) úÑ;% oDIaáh (iii)oaúfka;%sl oDIaáh
(ii) ;%sudK oDIaáh (iv) ixhqla; oDIaáh
(05) mSvkfha wka;¾ cd;sl iïu; tallh jkafka"
(i) NM-2 (iii)Nm-2
(ii) Nm (iv) Nm2
(06) n,hla ,ndoSu ksid"
a) ´kEu jia;=jla p,kh fõ'
b) ksYap, jia;=jla p,kh úh yel'
c) iuyr jia;=j, yevh fjkia fõ'
fïjd w;ßka ksjerÈ jkafka"
(i) B (iii)B , C
(ii) A, B (iv) A,B,C
(07) .a¨fldudj ms<sn`o jerÈ j.ka;sh jkafka"
(i) .a¨fldaudj we;s ùug wefia reêr mSvkh jeäùu m%Odk fya;=j fõ'
(ii) Èhjeähdj we;s whg .a¨fldaudj je<`oSfï jeä wjodkula we;'
(iii).a¨fldaudj ksid oDIAál iakdhqjg ydks fõ'
(iv) .a¨fldaudfõoS fmkSu tljr ke;sù hdu isÿfõ'
(08) Pb yd Hg hk ixfla; j,ska olakd we;af;a"
(i) fmdgEishï yd yhsv%cka (iii)hlv yd rka
(ii) iskala yd fldm¾ (iv) f,â yd u¾lß
(09) ÈYdjla iys; rdYsh úh yelafla"
(i) ialkaOh (iii)ld,h
(ii) n,h (iv) mSvkh

(10) ixY=oaO øjH j¾. l< yels wdldr jkafka"

(i) uq, øjH yd ixfhda. (iii)mod¾: yd ñY%K
(ii) ñY%K yd ixfhda. (iv) uq, øjH yd ñY%K

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  my; i`oyka ixfla;h weiqßka 11 yd 12 m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,shkak'
(11) Na j, kHIAáh ;=< we;s Wm mrudKql wxY= .Kk"
(i) 11 (iii)23
(ii) 12 (iv) 34
(12) Na j, iDK wdfrdams; Wm mrudKql wxY= .Kk"
(i) 11 (iii)23
(ii) 12 (iv) 34
(13) A – uq,øjH ;ekqï tallh mrudKqj fõ'
B – bf,lafg%dak" fm%dafgdak" kshqfg%dak mrudKqjl we;s WmmrudKql wxY= fõ'
C – bf,lafg%dak iDK wdfrdams;h' fm%dafgdak Ok wdfrdams;h'
fïjdf.ka i;H jkafka"
(i) A, B (iii)A , C
(ii) B ,C (iv) A ,B ,C
(14) ffcj laISrKh u.ska ksiaidrKh lrk f,dayhla jkafka"
(i) hlv (iii);U
(ii) rka (iv) ßoS
(15) ffjri ms<sn`o m%ldY lsysmhla my; oelafõ'ta w;ßka i;H jkafka"
a) Ôù ffi, ;=< j¾Okh fõ'
b) ffi,Sh ixúOdkhla we;'
c) Ôú ffi, ;=< .=Kkh fõ'
(i) A,B (iii)B ,C
(ii) A, C (iv) A , B, C
(16) ñh.sh laIqø Ôùka Ndú; lrñka m%;sYla;SlrK tkak;a ksmojkafka l=uk frda. ioydo@
(i) msg.eiau yd fld<rdj (iii)CIh frda.h yd msg.eiau
(ii) fld<rdj yd bka*a¨fjkaid (iv) fmda,sfhda yd bka*a¨fjkaid
(17) iudk Wil isg ìug fy<k ,o D m%udKfha úÿ,s mkaoï negßhla" f;; ueá mqjrejla u;g
jeàfïoS isÿjk n,mEu jvd fydÈka meyeÈ,s l< yelafla"
(i) fhfok mSvkfhks (iii)úh,s fldaIfha ialkaOfhks
(ii) úh,s fldaIfha nfrks (iv) .=re;ajc ;ajrKfhks
(18) iudk ialkaO we;s .jfhl=f.a yd ñksfil=f.a md igyk je,s fmd<jl iksgqyka ùfïoS oelsh yels
ksÍlaIKfhka meyeÈ,s jkafka"
(i) .jhdf.a mdo u.ska fmdf<dj u; we;s lrk mSvkh wvq njhs'
(ii) ñksidf.a mdo we;s mSvkh jeä njhs
(iii)ñksidf.a fomd fmdf<dj u; .efgk j¾.M,h wvq njhs
(iv) .jhdf.a mdo 4 fmdf<dfõ .efgk j¾.M,h wvq njhs'
(19) fvx.= frda.h ms<sn`o .e,fmk jrKh jkafka"

(20) mßirh yd iïnkaO jvd;au M,odhs laIqøÔù Ndú;h jkafka"

(i) laIqø Ôùka fndfyduhla b;d wvq uqo,g fyda mßirfhka fkdñf,au fyda .; yels ùu
(ii) laIqø Ôù l¾udka; i`oyd n, Yla;sh uyd mßudKfhka wjYH fkdùu
(iii)úúO Wmia:r u; .=Kkh yd l%shd lsÍfï yelshdj
(iv) cdk yeisrùfï ;dlaIKh i`oyd myiqfjka fhdod.; yels ùu

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 II fldgi

(01) (A) uqojk ,o lsß ksIamdokfha mshjr my; oelafõ'

(i) ólsß r;alsÍfï fya;=j olajkak'

(ii) uqyquq tla lsÍfï wruqK l=ulao@
(iii)lsß ñoùu i`oyd fhdod .efkkafka l=uk laIqø Ôù ldKavho@
(iv) laIqø Ôùka fhdodf.k ksmojk fjk;a lsß wdY%s; wdydrhla olajkak'
(v) mßir ixrlaIKh i`oyd laIqø Ôùka fhdod.efkk wjia:d 3la ,shkak'
(vi) Ôj jdhqj ksmoùu i`oyd fhdod.; yels ldnksl Wmia:rhla olajkak'

(B)iy,a idïm,hl je,s iy hlv l=vq ñY% ù we;s nj olakg ,enqKq w;r" fj<`ofmdf,a we;s
fmd,a f;,a j, mdï f;,a wvx.= nj olakg we;'
(i) by; ñY%K foflka iucd;Sh ñY%Kh l=ulaoehs olajkak'
(ii) iy,a msßisÿ lsÍug wfkla ix>gl bj;a lsÍfï l%u u.ska bj;a lrk øjH my; j.=fõ
olajkak'
fjka lrk l%uh bj;a jk øjH

(iii)wdiq; c,h" ñßÈh" lrÈh hk øjH ixY=oaO fkdjk øjH f,i fjkalrkak'

(02) (A) my; oelafjkafka laIqø Ôùka fofofkl=f.a úYd,s; rEm igykah'

(i) fuys A yd B f,i kï lr we;s laIqø Ôù ldKAv 2 kï lrkak'

(ii) fuys i`oyka fkdjk fjk;a laIqø Ôù ldKavhl ku ,shkak'
(iii)tal ffi,sl fukau nyq ffi,sl Ôùka olaKg ,efnk ldKavhla kï lrkak'
(iv) ffjri laIqø Ôùfhl= f,i j¾. fkdlsÍug fya;=jla ,shkak'

(B) laIqø Ôùkaf.ka ñksidg jdis fukau wjdiso we;'

(i) wdydr krla ùu i`yd n,mdk laIqø Ôù ldKAv 2 kï lrkak'
(ii) ñksidg wˆyï we;s lrk laIqø Ôù ldKavh ,shkak'
(iii)È,Sr u.ska Ydl j,g je<fok frda.hla ,shkak'
(iv) m%;sÔjl j¾. folla ,shkak'

4|Page BSc (Hons) KDU

(03) my; rEmh ñksia weil yrialv oelafjk rEm igykls'tys iuyr fldgia wxl j,ska olajd we;'

(i) hï jia;=jla fmkSu i`oyd w;HdjYH idOl fol fudkjdo@

(ii) rEm igyfka oDIaáú;dkh yd ;drd uKav,h oelafjk wxl ms<sfj,ska ,shkak'
(iii)ÿr msysá jia;=jl m%;sìïnh oDIaáú;dkh u; kdNs.; jk wdldrh o< lsrK igyklska we`o
olajkak'
(iv) jia;=j wei foig ióm jqjfyd;a m%;sìïnh ;j ÿrg;a oDIaáú;dkh u; kdNs.; lsÍu i`oyd
wlaIs ldpfha isÿjk l%shdj,sh meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(v) oDIaáú;dkh u; iEfok m%;sìïnh Wvql=reo! hál=reo@
(vi) nyq,j olakg ,efnk wlaIs fodaI folla ,shkak'
(vii) wE; isák wfhl= meyeÈ,sj oel .; fkdyela wlaIs fodIhg ms<shï fhÿ wjia:dj lsrK
igykl olajkak'

(04) .=re;=ud úiska ridhk øjH rdlalfha we;s fnda;,a j, ridhk øjH ixfla;h iy isxy, kï fhdok
f,i 9 fY%aKsfha isiqkag kshu lrk ,È' tfia ilia lr we;s f,an,a lSmhla my; oelafõ'

(i) by; øjH" uq,øjH yd ixfhda. f,i fnod olajkak'

(ii) .a¨fldaia yd fldm¾ i,af*aÜ iEoS we;s uq,øjH fjk fjku olajkak'
(iii) a,b,c,d,e,f,g ysia;eka j,g ,e<fmk ms<s;=r olajkak'

BSc (Hons) KDU

5|Page
(05) kej;=K jdykhla ;,a¨ lrk rEmhla fuys oelafõ' ñksid úiska fhdokq ,nk n,h uekSfï iïu;
tallh tall 750 ls'

(i) n,h uekSfï iïu; tallfhys ixfla;h ,shkak'

(ii) ;,a¨ lsÍug fhdokq ,nk n,h iïu; wdldrhg ,shkak'
(iii) jdykh p,kh jk ÈYdj olajkak'
(iv) n,h ffoYsl rdYshla f,i ye`Èkaùug fya;=j olajkak'
(v) úoHd.drfhaoS n,h uekSug fhdod.; yels WmlrKh l=ulao@
(vi) jdykhg n,h fhdok whqre rEmslj ksrEmKh lrkak'
(vii) p,kh jk jia;=jlg n,hla oSfïoS isÿúh yels fjkialï 2la ,shkak'

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 m%Yak m;% wxl 02

I fldgi

(01) Ôú fukau wÔú ,laIKo fmkajk CIqø Ôù ldKavh jkafka"

(i) È,Sr (iii)nelaàßhd
(ii) ffjri (iv) fm%dfgdafidajd
(02) nr uekSfï iïu; tallh jkafka"
(i) Kg (iii) g
(ii) N (iv) j
(03) m%Ndixiaf,aIK yelshdj iys; Ôùka wh;a jk laIqø Ôù ldKavhls'
(i) È,Sr (iii)ffjria
(ii) fm%dfgdafidajd (iv) we,a.S
(04) wlaIs ldpfha mdroDYH iajNdjh wvqùu ksid we;sjk frda.S ;;ajh l=ulao@
(i) ksYd wkaONdjh (iii)mq¾K wkaONdjh
(ii) iqo we;sùu (iv) .a¨fldaudj
(05) ñksia lfkys Y%jH ixLHd; mrdih jkqfha"
(i) 20 H2 – 20 000H2 (iii)20 H2 – 200 H2
(ii) 20 H2 – 2000 H2 (iv) 200 H2 – 20 000 H2
(06) x ia:dkfha ;nd we;s WmlrKh l=ulao@

(i) wj;, ldph (iii)W;a;, o¾mKh

(ii) W;a;, ldph (iv) wj;, o¾mKh
(07) bf,lafg%dak 13" kshqfg%dak 14 la we;s mrudKqjl ialkaO l%uxlh fldmuKo@
(i) 13 (iii)27
(ii) 14 (iv) 1
(08) j¾.M,h 2m2 jk mDIaGhlwNs,ïnj 400 N n,hla fhÿ úg mDIaGh u; we;sjk mSvkh fldmuKo@
(i) 800 pa (iii)400 pa
(ii) 200 pa (iv) 200 N
(09) l¾K wiaÓld ;=k ms<sfj,ska"
(i) uqoa.ßldj" OrKlh" ksid;sh (iii)ksid;sh" OrKlh" uqoa.ßldj
(ii) uqoa.ßldj" ksid;sh" OrKlh (iv) OrKlh" ksid;sh" uqoa.ßldj
(10) jia;=jl .efgk mDIAG j¾.M,h wvq lsÍu u.ska fhfok mSvkhg l=ula fõo@
(i) mSvkh jeä fõ (iii)mSvkh fjkia fkdfõ
(ii) mSvkh wvq fõ (iv) iaÒr ks.ukhlg t<ôh fkdyel
(11) ffjri u.ska we;s lrk frda. ldKavh"
(i) fiïm%;sYHdj" fvx.=" laIh frda.h (iii)fldfrdakd" fvx.=" ,sIaudkshdj
(ii) fiïm%;sYHdj" fldfrdakd" fvx.= (iv) fldfrdakd" taâia" laIh frda.h

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(12) my; m%ldY w;=ßka wi;H m%ldYh"
(i) wlaIs ldpfha fm%daàk mßydkshg m;aùfuka wefia iqo we;sùu
(ii) n,a,d" fldáhd jeks laISrmdhskag tlu m%foaYhla weia foflka n,d .ekSfï jeä yelshdjla
we;'
(iii)wúÿr oDIaál;ajh u.yrjd .ekSug wj;, ldp iys; Wmeia m<Èkq ,efí'
(iv) ;%sudK oDIaál;ajh ksid jia;=jl .eUqr fyda Wi y`ÿkd.; yelsh'
(13) tÈfkod mSvkh jeä lr.; hq;= wjia:djla ksjerÈj oelafjkafka"
(i) uv iys; ìul fkdtÍ .uka lsrSfïoS
(ii) msyshlska hula lemSfïoS
(iii)ÿïßh f¾,a mS,s u;ska hdfïoS
(iv) mdi,a nE.hla má u;ska t,a,df.k hdfïoS

(14) laIqø Ôùka u.ska Ydlj,g je<f`ok frda.hla fkdjkafka"

(i) msámqia frda.h (iii)mYaÑu wx.udrh
(ii) nqre¿ m%odyh (iv) ue,ùu
(15) n,h ksrEmKh lsÍfïoS"
a) úYd,;ajh mßudKhg we`È f¾Ld LKavhlska ksrEmKh l< hq;=h'
b) ÈYdj B ysilska oelaúh hq;=h'
c) Wmfhda.s;d ,laIHh ;s;lska i,l=Kq l< hq;=h'
by; m%ldY w;ßka ksjerÈ m%ldYh jkafka"
(i) a (iii) a, b
(ii) b (iv) a , b , c
(16) wdf,dal ixfõoS ffi, msysgd we;s wlaIs jHqyh l=ulao@
(i) oDIAá ú;dkh (iii)reêr .%dysh
(ii) ;drd uKav,h (iv) iafõ; >k ia:rh
(17) Rhizobium nelaàßhdj m%fhdackj;a jkafka"
(i) khsg%cka ;sr lsÍug (iii)cdk ;dlaIKhg
(ii) fldïfmdaiaÜ iEoSug (iv) m%;sÔjl ksmoùug
(18) fuys fmkajd we;af;a l=uk ixfhda. jHqyho@
(i) fïf;aka wKQj (iii)wefudakshd wKqj
(ii) tf;aka wKQj (iv) t;Ska wKqj

(19) mßir ys;ldó lDIsl¾udka;h i`oyd f.dùka Èßu;a l< hq;= idOlhla fkdjkafka"
(i) fldïfmdaiÜ fmdfydr Ndú;h jeä lsÍu
(ii) hkaf;%damlrK Ndú;h wju lsÍu
(iii)lDIs ridhk øjH Ndú;h wvq lsÍu
(iv) ridhksl fmdfydr iq,nj Ndú;d lsÍu
(20) jkdka;r wúêu;a f,i úkdY lr oeóu ksid"
a) j¾Idm;kh wvqfõ'
b) i;=kag jdiia:dk wvq fõ'
c) mdxY= Ldokh jeä fõ'
d) mßirh WKQiqï ùug fya;= fõ'
ksjerÈ m%ldYh f;darkak'
(i) a, b (iii) a , b, d
(ii) a , b, c (iv) a , b , c , d

8|Page BSc (Hons) KDU

 II fldgi

(01) c,fhka f;;a lr ;enQ mdka fm;a;la u; Èk 2lg miqj ksÍlaIKfhaoS iqÿ meye;s mqˆka frdola fia Èia
úh'
(i) tys ;sî y`ÿkd.;a laIQø Ôù ldKavh ljqrekao@
(ii) th ksÍlaIKh i`oyd úoHd.drfhaoS Ndú;hg iqÿiq WmlrKh l=ulao@
(iii)wdydr krla ùfïoS we;sjk fjkialï 2la ,shkak'
(iv) laIqø Ôùka j¾Okhg wjYH idOl 2 la ,shkak'
(v) laIqø Ôùka u.ska wm ,nd.kakd m%fhdack 2 la i`oyka lrkak'
(vi) ffcj CISrlrKh hkq l=ulao@
(vii) ffcj m%;sl¾ukh hkqfjka y`ÿkajkafka l=ulao@
(viii) laIqø Ôù ldKav w;=ßka Ôù iy wÔù w;rueÈ ,laIK fmkajk ldKavh l=ulao@

(02) (A) my; i`oyka frda. we;s ùug n,mdk laIqø Ôù ldKavh ljqrekao@
(i) fvx.=
(ii) ,sIaudkshdj
(iii)wˆyï
(iv) WKikaksmd;h

(B)w;S;fhaoS fnd,a ù j,ska ire ù îc bj;a lr .ekSug iq<`. Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu lf<ah'
my; ñY%K j, ix>gl bj;a lrk l%uh l=ulao@
(i) uqyqÿ c,fhka ¨Kq ,nd .ekSu
(ii) l=re`ÿ fld< j,ska hqI ,nd .ekSu
(iii)Wla hqI j,ska iSks fjka lsÍu

(iv) jdhqf.da,h jdhq ñY%Khls' tys iq,Nj wvx.= jdhqj l=ulao@

(v) my; øjH w;ßka iucd;Sh yd úIu cd;Sh ñY%K fjka lr olajkak'
^ñY% f,day" iSks ødjKh" m<;=re i,doh" uqyÿq c,h&
iucd;Sh ñY%K úIu cd;Sh ñY%K

(03) mod¾:h iEoS we;s ;ekqï tallh mrudKqj fõ' jvd;a úYauhckl lreK jkafka tu mrudKqj, jeä
fldgila ysia wjldYh ùuhs'
(i) uOHfha Ok wdfrdams; f.da,hla nj;a ta jgd úYd, ysia wjldYhla nj;a uq,a jrg m%ldY lf<a
ljqrekao@
(ii) mrudKql kHIaáh ;=< we;s Wm mrudKql wxY= fudkjdo@
(iii) iuia:dkslh weiqfrka my; j.=j iïmq¾K lrkak'

(i) ffcj ridhksl wú i`oyd Ndú;d lrk nelaàßhdjla i`oyka lrkak'

(ii) laIqø Ôùka u.ska Ydl j,g je<f`ok frda.hla i`oyka lrkak'
(iii),smsv wdydr u; laIqø Ôù l%shdj y`ÿkajkafka flfiao@

9|Page BSc (Hons) KDU

(04) (A) ñksia wefiys ir, rEmhla my ; oelafõ'

(i) tys A ,B ,C fldgia kï lrkak'

(ii) my; lD;Hhka bgqlrk wlaIs jHqyh i`oyka lrkak'

(iii)oaù fka;%sl oDIaáh hkqfjka y`ÿkajkafka l=ulao@

(B)
(i) jia;=jla u; n,h fhoSu ksid we;sjk lD;Hhka 2 la ,shkak'
(ii) n,h ffoYsl rdYshla f,i y`ÿkajkafka wehs@
(iii)n,fha úYd,;ajh uekSug úoHd.drfhaoS Tn fhdod.;a WmlrKhla ,shkak'

(05) my; i`oyka j.ka;s yß kï √ ,l=Ko jerÈ kï x ,l=Ko fhdokak'

(i) ffi,Sh ixúOdkhla fkdue;s laIqø Ôù ldKavh jkafka ffjrihs'
(ii) tal ffi,sl fukau nyq ffi,sl laIqø Ôùka o olakg ,efí'
(iii).%sisfhd*q,aúka m%;sÔjlfhka È,Sr úkdY l< yel'
(iv) wúÿr oDIaál;aj fodaIhg ms<shï f,i wj;, udj; ldp iys; Wmeia me<`Èh
hq;=h'
(v) we,a.Sj, laf,dar*S,a j¾Klh wvx.= fõ'
(vi) mYaÑu wx.udrh È,Sr u.ska i;=kag fndajk frda.hls'
(vii) ,smsv wdydr u; laIqøÔù l%shdj m%;sNjkh kï fõ'
(viii) fhda.Ü ñoSfïoS we;sjk wdï,sl udOH wfkla laIqø Ôùkaf.a j¾Okh iS>% lrhs'
(ix) úIu mrudKql wKq iys; jdhqj yhsv%cka fõ'
(x) wõ lKakdä Ndú;fhaÈ ffjoH Wmfoia ms<smeoSu l< hq;= fõ'
(xi) Y%jKh wvq ùug ms<shula f,i Y%jKdOdr Ndú;d l< yelsh'

(06) (A) iqÿiq jpk fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'

n,hla hkq ……………………… fyda ……………………… ls' th uekSfï WmlrKh
……………………… kï fõ' hï jia;=jla p,kh lsÍu i`oyd n,h fhdok ,laIHh tu n,fha
……………………… kñka ye`Èkafõ' n,hl rEmsl ksrEmKfhaoS n,fha úYd,;ajh ir, f¾Ld
LKavfha ……………………… o n,fha ……………………… ir, f¾Ldj u; we`È B ysfika o
Wmfhda.S ,laIHh ir, f¾Ldj u; i,l=Kq l< ………………………o ksrEmKh flf¾'

(B)
(i) n,hla fhoSu ksid jia;j
= l isÿlr .; yels fjkialï 2la ,shkak'
(ii) ,S l=Üáhla kef.kysr ÈYdjg 10 N n,hlska wÈhs' fuu n,h l%shdlrk wdldrh rEmsl
f,i ksrEmKh lr fmkajkak'

10 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU

 m%Yak m;% wxl 03

I fldgi

(01) CIqø Ôùka ldKavh i`oyd ksoiqkla jkafka"

(i) nelaàßhdjkah (iii)fm%dfgdafidajkah
(ii) È,Sr fõ (iv) by; ish,a, fõ'
(02) ñksia r;= reêrdKq wdidok lrk mrfmdaIs; fm%dfgdafidajd ldKavhg wh;a laIqø Ôù wdldrh jkafka"
(i) weóndjkah (iii)meróishïh
(ii) tjq.a,Skdjkah (iv) ma,eiafudaähïh
(03) A = nelaàßhd b;d mqˆ,aj iEu mßirhlu jHdma;j mej;Su
B = È,Sr f;;ukh iys; Wmia:r u; j¾Okh
C = ffjri ffi,Sh ixúOdkhla mej;Su
D = we,a.S tal ffi,sl fukau iq;%sld.dr fyda ;,idldr foay oeÍu
by ; .e,mSï w ;r fkd.e,fmk .e,mSu jkafka"
(i) A (iii)C
(ii) B (iv) D
(04) ffcj fmdfydr f,i fhdod.kakd mfiys iajdëkj fjfik nelaàßhdj jkafka"
(i) Rhizobium (iii)Acetobactor
(ii) Azotobactera (iv) Lactobacillus
(05) ñh.sh laIqøðSùka m%;sYla;s lrk tkak;a f,i fhdod fkd.kakd frda.h jkafka"
(i) fld<rdj (iii)ghsf*dhsâ
(ii) bka*a¨fjkaid (iv) .,mg,h
(06) ,sIaudkshd frda.hg wod< jHdêcklhd wh;a jk laIqø Ôù ldKavh jkafka"
(i) ffjri (iii)È,Sr
(ii) fm%dfgdfidajd (iv) nelaàßhd
(07) ñksia wei ms<sn`oj oS we;s m%ldY w;=ßka i;H m%ldYh jkafka"
(i) wlaIsf.da,h wlaIs fmaIs 6lska wlaIs l+mhg iïnkaO fõ'
(ii) ;drd uKav,h ;=,ska wei ;=,g wdf,dalh we;=¿ fõ'
(iii);drd uKav,h l¿ bx.sßhdj f,io y`ÿkajhs'
(iv) oDIaÀ ú;dkfha hIaá yd fla;= jYfhka wdf,dal ixfõoS ffi, j¾. foj¾.hla wvx.= fõ'
(08) wei ;=,g we;=¿ jk wdf.dal lsrK oDIaáú;dkh u;g j¾;kh lsÍug odhl jkafka"
(i) wlaIs ldph (iii)ldp rih
(ii) wïuh rih (iv) by; ish,a,u
(09) oDIaáú;dkh u; m;s; jk hál=re m%;sìïnh Wvql=re f,i w¾:l:kh lrkafka my; l=uk jHqyh
u.skao@
(i) ly ,mh u.ska
(ii) fud<h u.ska
(iii)fud<fha oDIaÀl ixfõok m%foaY u.ska
(iv) oDIagsl iakdhqj ;=< we;s iakdhq ;ka;= u.ska

11 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU

 (10) ÿr oDIaál;ajh iïnkaOfhka wi;H m%ldYh jkafka"
(i) wlaIs ldpfha wNsirK yelshdj wvqùu fuu fodaIhg fya;=jla fõ'
(ii) idudkH weilg jvd wlaIs f.da,h flá ùu fuu fodaIhg fya;=jla fõ'
(iii)fuu fodaYh we;s jq úgoS wE; msysá jia;= j, m%;ì
s ïnh oDIaÀ ú;dkh msgm q i iEfohs'
(iv) W;a;, ldp we;s Wmeia me<`ÿ úg th u.ska wNsirKh lrk ,o wdf,dalh weig fhduq
lrhs'
(11) oaùfka;%sl oDIaÀl yelshdj we;s i;ajhska jkafka"
(i) ñksiqka (iii)n,a,ka
(ii) .jhska (iv) by; ish¨ i;=kag
(12) Yío ;rx.hlg wkqrEmh lïmkh ù Y%jkhg wod, ixfõokh m%:ufhka ,nd.kakd jHqyh jkafka"
(i) l¾K mgy mg,h (iii)hqIafGlsh kd,h
(ii) Y%jK wiaÓld (iv) ndysr Y%jK kd,h
(13) lfkys jHqyh yd lD;H ms<sn`o m%ldY lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
A) Y%jK wia:sld u.ska lk fj; ,efnk lïmk j¾Okh lrhs'
B) w¾O jl%dldr kd, u.ska isref¾ iunr;djh mj;ajd .ekSug odhl fõ'
C) ñksia lk 20 Hz my< yd 20 000 Hz by< ixLHd;j,g ixfõoS fõ'
by; m%ldY w;ßka jvd;a ksjerÈ jkafka"
(i) A , B (iii)A, C
(ii) B ,C (iv) A ,B ,C
(14) ,;ska kduh mokï lrf.k bÈßm;a lr we;s uq, øjHhl ixfla;h jkafka"
(i) S (iii)Na
(ii) Al (iv) Zn
(15) idudkH ;;ajh hgf;a Tlaiscka uq,øjH iajdëkj mj;sk l=vdu wdldr jkafka"
(i) mrudKQ fõ' (iii)Tlaiscka ixfhda. jYfhka fõ'
(ii) wKq jYfhka fõ' (iv) Tlaiscka øj jYfhka fõ'
(16) mrudKQj iïnkaOfhka jerÈ m%ldYh jkafka"
(i) mrudKqj uOHfha we;s l=vd flakaøhlg kHIaáh iSud ù ;sfí'
(ii) mrudKqfõ iïmq¾K wjldYhu tys ialkaOhg odhl fõ'
(iii)mrudKqj WmmrudKql wxY= j,ska iEoS ;sfí'
(iv) uq, øjHf.ka uq, øjHhg kHIaáfha wvx.= fm%dafgdak ixLHdj fjkia fõ'
(17) ldnka yd yhsv%cka l=,lfhka iEoS we;s ixfhda. ldKavhg wh;a fkdjk ixfhda.h jkafka"
(i) fylafika (iii)t;Ska
(ii) fnkaiska (iv) t;fkda,a
(18) fndrf;,a msßmyÿfõ oS ix>gl fjka lr .ekSu i`oyd fhdod.kakd l%u Ys,am jkafka"
(i) jdIamSlrKh (iii)yqud, wdijkh
(ii) Nd.sl wdijkh (iv) iaMállrKh fõ'
(19) my; ñY%K w;ßka iucd;S ñY%K jkafka ljrlao@
(i) uqyqÿ c,h (iii)fmryka m;ska fmrd.;a uqyqÿ c,h
(ii) fndr c,h (iv) whsial%Sï
(20) n,hla uekSug fhdod.kakd WmlrKh yd iïu; tallh ms<sfj,ska oelafjkafka"
(i) ÿkq ;rdÈh yd kg (iii)fkomq ;=,dj yd N
(ii) ksjqgka ÿkq ;rdÈh yd g (iv) ;eá ;=,dj yd kg

12 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU

 II fldgi

(01) (A) isiqka msßila úoHd,fha f.dúfmdf,ys we;s Ôj jdhq tallh ms<sn`o wOHkh lr my; ieleiau
we`o ;sfí'

(i) Ôj jdhqfõ wvx.= m%Odk ix>gl ,shkak'

(ii) Ôj jdhqj ksmoùug Ndú;d lrk wuqøjH ñY%Kfha ix>gl ,shkak'
(iii)Ôj jdhqj ksmoùug odhl jk laIqø Ôùka ldKavfha ku ,shd Tjqkaf.a úfYaI;ajh ,shkak'
(iv) fuu gexlsh uqød ;eîug fya;=j l=ulao@
(v) fuu fldkal%SÜ mshkg by<ska ueá + yqKQ ñY%Khla oud c,h msrùfuka ,efnk m%fhdack
folla ,shkak'

(B) my; jdlH bÈßfhka i;H wi;H nj olajkak'

(i) laIqø Ôùka b;d ir, Ôùka jqjo Tjqkaf.a j¾Okh yd m%ckkh b;d iS>%j isÿ fõ'

(ii) c, mDIaGh u; mdfjk ish¨u we,a.S Ydl ma,djx. f,i ie,flhs'

(iii)ie,aùkshd kï c,ðYdlh u¾Okh i`oyd Alternaria È,Sr Ndú;d lrhs'

(iv) nelaàßhd È,Sr ffjri we;=ˆ ish¨u laIqø Ôùka m%;sÔjl u.ska u¾Okh l< yel'

(v) fhda.Ü uqyqï j, wvx.= nelaàßhdjka lsßj, wvx.= ,elafgdaia iSks wï,h njg m;a lrhs'

(vi) fmd,a f,,s ;ka;= fmlaàfkaia kï øjHfhka tlsfklg ne`oS mj;S'

(vii) frda. ldrlhkag ;u foayh ;=< Ôj;a ùug Wmia:r imhk Ôùka jHdêcklhska f,i
y`ÿkajhs'

(viii) ,sIaudkshd frda. jdylhka jYfhka je,s uelald l%shd lrhs'

(ix) msámqia frda.fhaoS È,Sr wdidokhla ksid Ydlfha fndfyda fldgia u; wˆ fyda iqÿ msá jeks øjHhla
we;s lrhs'

(x) wefiys iqo we;s ùug m%Odk;u fya;=j jkafka wlaIs ldph iEoS we;s fm%daàk mßydkshg m;aùuhs'

13 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU

 (C) my; j.=j iïmq¾K lrkak'

(02) (A) ñksia wefia my; lD;Hhka isÿlrk jHqyh olajkak'

(i) weig reêr iemhqu ,nd oSu
(ii) wlaIs ldpfha jl%;djh wjYH mßÈ fjkia lr.ekSug odhl ùu
(iii)wlaIs f.da,fha yevh mj;ajd .ekSu
(iv) oDIaÀú;dkh u; jvd;a meyeÈ<s m%;sìïn we;s lsÍu

(B)W;a;, yd wj;, ldp ;=,ska iudka;r loïNhla j¾;kh jk wdldrh fjk fjku we`o kï
lrkak'

(C)oDIAÀl fodaIhg ms<shu wdo¾Ykh i`oyd ilia l< wegjqula fuys oelafõ'

(i) fuu fodaIh l=ulao@

(ii) fuu m%;sìïnh meyeÈ<s lsÍug fhdod.kakd wfkla ldph l=ulao@
(iii)by; i`oyka ldph ;nk ia:dkh ,shkak'
(iv) wod, fodaIh ksjerÈ jk wdldrh meyeÈ<s lrkak'

(03) (A) ñksia lfkys my; ,laIK j,g wod< jHqyh ,shkak'
(i) ldáf,acuh jHqyhla ùu'
(ii) .%iksldjg ueo lfkys isg újD; jk kd,h"
(iii) l¾K mgy mg,fhka l¾KYxLh fj; iïfm%aIKh lsÍu'
(iv) Y%jKh ms<Sn`o ixfõok Y%jk iakdhqjg iïfm%aIKh lsÍu'

(B)
(i) ñksia wefiys oDIaÀ mrdih o, rEm igyklska we`o kï lrkak'
(ii) oaùfka;%sl oDIaÀh ksid ñksidg ,eî we;s yelshdjka folla ,shkak'
(iii).a¨fldaudj iïnkaO my; f;dr;=re ,shkak'
a) frda.hg m%Odk fya;=j l=ulao@
b) .a¨fldaudfõoS isÿjk ydksh'
c) .a¨fldaud iEoSug jeä wjOdkula we;s mqoa.,hska'
(C)
(i) my; uq,øjH j, ixfla; olajkak'
^ ldnka" le,aishï" fldm¾" ue.akSishï" is,aj¾ &
(ii) my; wKqj,ska foll mrudKq ieleiau w`Èkak'
^c,h" fuf;aka" ldnkavfhdlaihsâ" wefudakshd&

14 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU

(04) (A) my; olajd we;af;a mrudKqjl wdlD;shls'

(i) fuu wdlD;sh bÈßm;a lr we;s úoHd{hdf.a ku ,shkak'

(ii) fuu wdlD;sh fláfhka úia;r lrkak'
(iii)fuys A yd B kï lrkak'
(iv) A iukaú; jk Wm mrudKql wxY= kï lrkak'
(v) B m%foaYfha ießirk wxY= kï lrkak'

(B) my; olajd we;af;a uq, øjHhla olajk iïu; wdldrh fõ'

by; uq, øjH iïnkaOj my; f;dr;=re ,shkak'

(i) mrudKql l%uxlh

(ii) ialkaO l%uxlh
(iii) fm%dafgdak ixLHdj
(iv) kshqfg%dak ixLHdj
(v) bf,lafg%dak ixLHdj

(B) my; olajd we;af;a lfkys l%shdldÍ;ajh wdo¾Ykhg fhdod.;a wegjquls'

(i) fuu.ska wdo¾Ykh lr lfkys B,C, D jHqy olajkak'

(ii) AWmlrKh l=ulao@
(iii)A WmlrKh l%shd;aul lrkafka flfiao@
(iv) fuysoS ,efnk ksÍlaIKh l=ulao@

(05) (A) mod¾:h ixY=oaO øjH yd ixY=oaO fkdjk jYfhka m%Odk j¾. follg fnod olajhs'
(i) ixY=oaO øjH j,g wh;a jk m%Odk j¾. fol ,shkak'
(ii) ixY=oaO fkdjk øjH fnok m%Odk j¾. fol ,shkak'
(iii)my; ñY%K j, m%Odk ix>gl ,shkak'
a) jd;h
b) fndrf;,a
(iv) my; i`oyka ñY%K j, ix>gl fjka lr .kakd l%uh ,shkak'
a) iy,a .,a je,s ñY%Kh
b) uqyqÿ c,fha ¨Kq ,nd .ekSu
c) l=re`ÿ fld< j,ska f;,a ,nd .ekSu
d) fndrf;,a j,ska ix>gl fjka lsÍu

15 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU

 (B)my; j.=j ysia;eka mqrjkak'

(C)m%Odk wlaIs fodaI yd iïnkaO igyka folla my; oelafõ'

(i) A yd B fodaI kï lrkak'

(ii) A fyda B fodaI foflka tllg fhdok ms<shu lsrK igyka weiqfrka meyeÈ<s lrkak'

16 | P a g e BSc (Hons) KDU