**1.

Word Order**

The basic sentence structure in Japanese is Subject-Object-Verb (SOV). This is different from English, which
uses a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) structure.

Example:
- English: I (S) eat (V) sushi (O).
- Japanese: 私は (I - S) 寿司を (sushi - O) 食べます (eat - V).

**2. Particles**

Particles are small words that indicate relations of words within a sentence. They follow the word they are
modifying.

- は (wa): Topic marker. It marks the topic of the sentence.

- が (ga): Subject marker. It marks the subject in a sentence.
- を (wo): Direct object marker. It marks the direct object of a verb.
- に (ni): Indicates direction, purpose, or indirect object.
- で (de): Indicates the place where an action takes place, means, or cause.
- の (no): Possessive, modifies nouns, or nominalizes sentences.

**3. Verb Forms**

Japanese verbs are always at the end of the sentence. They have different forms to express different
tenses and moods.

- Present Affirmative: 食べます (tabemasu - eat)

- Present Negative: 食べません (tabemasen - do not eat)
- Past Affirmative: 食べました (tabemashita - ate)
- Past Negative: 食べませんでした (tabemasen deshita - did not eat)

**4. Adjectives**

Adjectives in Japanese can directly modify nouns. There are two types of adjectives: i-adjectives and na-
adjectives.

- I-adjectives: end in い (i). Example: おいしい (oishii - delicious)

- Na-adjectives: require な (na) to modify nouns directly. Example: 静かな (shizuka na - quiet)

**5. Sentence Ending Particles**

Sentence ending particles are used to express the speaker's emotions or intentions. They are placed at the
end of the sentence.

- ね (ne): Seeking agreement or confirmation. Similar to "right?" or "isn't it?" in English.

- よ (yo): Emphasizing information. Similar to "you know" in English.
- か (ka): Makes the sentence a question.