d´ Å

Galaxy Group of Science

L
a =
àMarks:25 ´ ´ Subject:12th-Che Date:27/12/18
L ´
à D
Chapter:3 2 sem3 electrochemistry Time:01H:00M
à
1 a
6) L
[A] Answer the following Qustions. [Each carries 1 mark] [04]
L
1. Find the quantity of electricity required to produce 5.12 kg Al. (Atomic mass of Al = 27 gm/mole)
X a
=
2. How much electric current required for release of 0.504 gm H2 in 2 hours in same time by same electric
2
à
à This is demo a ans.
current. How much grams O2 ƒ produce by electrolysis of water.
à
ƒ
´ much time 10 mili ampere current is passed through dilute aqueous solution of NaCl so 0.01
3. For how
à
à L ? [1 F = 96500C]L
mole\H2 gas release
æ ö
4. How ¾®muchL timeç 1.8 Lampere
÷
¾®
Lcurrent
L should
L be passed from 250 ml 0.04 M AgNO3 solution for
à
à çè ÷ø (Atomic of Ag = 108 gm/mole)
complete reduction L Ag.
of
1
[B] Answer
7)
à ´ the following Qustions. [Each carries 2 marks] [04]
à
5. What is electrode ? Write its types and give one example of each.
X ´
à 6. Dry cell cannot be regenerated ? Why ?
2
1 This is demo ans.
æ ö
8)
[C] Answer the following çèQustions.
÷ø [Each carries 3 marks] [09]
à
7. Write´Nernst equation and explain the terms involved in it.
X
à
7)
8. The potential of the given following cell is 0.096 volt at 298 K temperature. Calculate pH of HCl
2
à This
L is demo ans.
solution [E (Sn2+ | Sn) = –0.14 volt] d
0 – Sn | Sn2+ (0.05 M) || H+ (0.04 M) | H (1 bar) | Pt Å
2

à9. Explain the relation between Gibbs’ free energy and cell potential.
1
[D] Answer
9) L the following Qustions. [Each carries 4 marks] [08]
a
10. Find L
cell potential of following cell at 298 K.
X
à a 1
d
– 2+ + Å
2
à This is-| Cd
(a) Cd demo
a ans. H (1M) | H2 (1 bar) | Pt
(0.02M)||
2
à \ d– 2+´ + Å
(b) Mg | Mg (0.18 M) || Ag (0.01M) | Ag (s)
à D
d
à (c)
–
Al | Al 3+ (0.25 M) || Zn 2+ (0.15M) | Zn(s)Å D

11. Write the Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions and explain.
à D
à
à d Å
à D
à
à
à
à D
¾®
à L
\ = l l
\
\

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< Ankur Sir - 9620262924 >

à
 Answer Key
Marks:25 Subject:12th-Che Date:27/12/18
Chapter:3 2 sem3 electrochemistry Time:01H:00M

Section [ A ] : 1 Marks Questions

No Ans Chap Sec Que PageNo BookType

1 - Chap 3 A B1 Kumar

RA
2 - Chap 3 A B5 Kumar
3 - Chap 3 A B6 Kumar
4 - Chap 3 A B9 Kumar

ND
Section [ B ] : 2 Marks Questions

KE
No Ans Chap Sec Que PageNo BookType
5 - Chap 3 A 10 Kumar
6 - Chap 3 A 86 Kumar

N
Section [ C ] : 3 Marks Questions
HA
No Ans Chap Sec Que PageNo BookType
7 - Chap 3 A 25 Kumar
AS

8 - Chap 3 A E17 Kumar

9 - Chap 3 A 46 Kumar
AK

Section [ D ] : 4 Marks Questions

No Ans Chap Sec Que PageNo BookType

PR

10 - Chap 3 A E9 Kumar
11 - Chap 3 A 60 Kumar
AR
M
KU

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 ´ ´ ´
´ Paper Solution
à ¾®
\
Marks:25 ´ ´ Subject:12th-Che Date:27/12/18
´ ¾®
Chapter:3
à 2 sem3 electrochemistry Time:01H:00M
à
1 ¾®®
¾®
6)\à Answer the following Qustions.
[A] ¾® [Each carries 1 mark] [04]
à
à 1. Find the quantity of electricity required
® to produce 5.12 kg Al. (Atomic mass of Al = 27 gm/mole)
d Å
X ¾®
à Ans. 5.49 ´ 107 coulomb
2
à 2. This is demo
How much ans.
electric current required for release of 0.504 gm H2 in 2 hours in same time by same electric
d
´ How much grams O2Åproduce by electrolysis of water.
à current.

RA
Ans. 4.0 gm
ààà
3. For how much time 10 mili ampere current is passed through dilute aqueous solution of NaCl so 0.01
mole H2 gas release ? [1 F = 96500C]

ND
à ¾®4 ¾®
à Ans. 19.3 ´ 10 sec.
à D
4. How much time 1.8 ampere current should be passed from 250 ml 0.04 M AgNO3 solution for
´¾® reduction of Ag.
complete ¾®(Atomic of Ag = 108 gm/mole)

KE
àAns.D 536.11 sec.
1
[B] Answer the following Qustions. [Each carries 2 marks]
7) [04]
´
5. What is electrode ? Write its types and give one example of each.

N
X
à The metal strips
´ ƒdipped in the solution or rods of non - metal like graphite and on whose surface
2 This is demo ans.
reaction takes place is called an Electrode
HA
àà
ƒ Types of electrode
à
AS

à
Active metal electrode Inert electrode Gaseous electrode
à e.g. Zn, Ni, Cu, Ag etc. e.g. Graphite and platinum e.g. hydrogen gas passed over
the strip of platinum
AK

dipped in solution
6. Dry cell cannot be regenerated ? Why ?
à Dry cell cannot be regenerated because in this cell oxidation of Mn (III) to Mn (IV) can not be possible by
PR

reversing the direction of the current.

1
à[C] Answer the following Qustions. [Each carries 3 marks]
8) [09]
7. Write Nernst equation and explain the terms involved in it.
Xà
AR

à Nernst equation : He gave the equation showing relation between the potential of the electro-chemical
2à This is demo ans.
cell and the concentration of solution associated with the reaction.
àà RT C
o
à Ecell = Ecell – ln 1
M

à nF C2
à
à o 0.059 C
and Ecell = Ecell –
¾® log 1
KU

n C2
à
à The equation can be deduced on the basis of principles of Thermodynamics.
à ¾®
Terms :
Ecell = Non-standard electrochemical cell
à
Eocell = Standard electrochemical cell potential
à
R = gas constant (8.314 JK–1 mol–1)
® ® ®
F = Faraday’s constant = 96500 coulomb mol–1
T = temperature in kelvin (298K)
® ® ® ® ® ®
C1 = concentration of product in molarity
C2 = concentration of reactant in molarity
®2.303 RT ® ®
0.059 =
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F
 F = Faraday’s constant = 96500 coulomb mol–1
T = temperature in kelvin (298K)
d // Page:2 //
C1 = concentration of product in molarity Å
C2 = concentration of reactant in molarity
2.303 RT
and 0.059 =
F
7) The potential of the given following cell is 0.096 volt at 298 K temperature. Calculate pH of HCl
8.
à
solution [E0(Sn2+ | Sn) = –0.14 volt] d
– Sn | Sn2+ (0.05 M) || H+ (0.04 M) | H (1 bar) | Pt Å
2
0 0
àà E0cell = E + 1
(H | H2 ) –E 2+
2 (Sn | Sn)
E0 cell = 0.0 – (–0.14) = 0.14 volt

RA
à
à Cell reaction : Sn(s) + 2H+(aq) ƒ Sn2+
(aq) + H2(g) ; (Here, n = 2.)

à 0.059 [Sn 2+ ]
Ecell = E0cell – log + 2
àà n [H ]

ND
(0.05)
àà \ 0.096 = 0.14 – 0.0295 log + 2
[H ]
0.096 – 0.14
\ = log(0.05) – 2 log [H+]

KE
à – 0.0295
0.044
\ = –1.3010 – 2log [H+]
0.0295
\ 1.491 + 1.3010 = 2 ´ pH

N
2.792
\ = pH
2
HA
\ pH = 1.396
9. Explain the relation between Gibbs’ free energy and cell potential.
à In spontaneous reactions the free energy of the system decreases that means the change in free energy
AS

becomes negative.
d Å
àà For the electrochemical cells, when electrodes are connected the chemical reaction occur spontaneously and
so the value of DG is negative.
à
AK

àà If the potential of the cell is Ecell and if n Faraday electricity is obtained from the cell then, DG = –
à nFEcell. D
à Where F is Faraday constant if the cell is standard DG° = –nFE°cell.
àà D
æ ö
PR

à If the evolved electricalç energy

÷ø is completely transformed into electrical work then,
à è ƒ
à DG = Welectrical = –nFEcell D
àà æ
Thus change in free energy ö is equivalent to electrical work.
çè ÷ø
AR

à D Reaction between cell potential and equilibrium constant :

àà DG° = –2.303 RT log K
à \ \ –nFE°cell = –2.303 RT log K
M

à \Dlog K = nF E°cell / 2.303RT

\
\ \ nFE°cell = 2.303 RT log K where R = 8.314 Joule K–1 mole–1
1
KU

\\
[D] Answer
9) d the following Qustions. [Each carries Å 4 marks] [08]
\
\ d cell potential of following cell at 298
10. Find
Å
K.
X
d
– 2+ + 1 Å
2 This(a) Cdis | Cd
d demo (0.02M)||
ans. H (1M) | 2 H2 (1 bar) | Pt
Å
d
(0.18 M) || Ag (0.01M) | Ag (s)Å
– 2+ +
(b) Mg | Mg
d
(c)
–
Al | Al 3+ (0.25 M) || Zn 2+ (0.15M) | Zn(s)Å

d
– 2+ + 1 Å
à (a) Cd | Cd (0.02M) || H (1M) | H2 (1bar) | Pt
2
à
Eod +2 = –0.40 V, Eo
1
= 0.0 V Å
Cd /Cd +
àKumar Prakashan Kendra H(aq) 1M/ H2 Welcome To Future M:91-7359 662200
2
à
Here Cd electrode is anode and standard hydrogen is cathode.
 d
– 2+ + 1 Å
à (a) Cd | Cd (0.02M) || H (1M) | H2 (1bar)
//| Pt
Page:3 //
2
Eo = –0.40 V, Eo 1
= 0.0 V
Cd+2/Cd +
H(aq) 1M/ H2
2
Here Cd electrode is anode and standard hydrogen is cathode.

Eocell = Eo 1
– Eo 2+
+ Cd(aq) | Cd(s)
H(aq) | H 2(g)
2

= 0.00 – (–0.40) = 0.40 V

RA
+ –
Cathode : 2H(aq) + 2e ƒ H 2(g)
2+ –
Anode : Cd(s) ƒ Cd(aq) + 2e

ND
+ 2+
Cell reaction : Cd(s) + 2H(aq) ƒ Cd(aq) + H2(g)
Here, n = 2

KE
o 0.0592 [Cd 2+ ]
Ecell = Ecell – 2
log
[H+ ]2
0.02
= 0.40 – 0.0295 log
1

N
Ecell = 0.40 – 0.0295 log 0.02 HA
= 0.40 – 0.0295 (2.3010)
= 0.40 – 0.0295 (–1.6990)
= 0.40 + 0.05
AS

= 0.45 V
d
Mg | Mg (0.18 M) || Ag (0.01M) | Ag (s)Å
– 2+ +
à (b)
AK

Eo Eo
Mg 2+ | Mg = –2.37 V, Ag + | Ag = 0.80 V

Here Mg electrode is anode and Ag is cathode.

o o
Eocell = E
PR

–E
Ag + | Ag Mg 2+ | Mg
= 0.80 – (–2.37) = 3.17 V
+ –
Cathode : 2Ag(aq) + 2e ƒ 2Ag(s)
AR

2+ –
Anode : Mg(s) ƒ Mg(aq) + 2e
2+ 2+
Cell reaction : 2Ag(aq) + Mg(s) ƒ 2Ag(s) + Mg(aq)
M

Here, n = 2
2+
o 0.0592 [Mg ]
KU

Ecell = Ecell – log + 2

n [Ag ]
0.0592 0.18
= 3.17 – log 2
2 (0.01)
= 3.17 – 0.0295 log 1800
= 3.17 – 0.0295 (3.2553)
= 3.17 – 0.096
= 3.074 V

à (c) d
–
Al | Al3+ (0.25 M) || Zn 2+ (0.15M) | Zn(s)Å

Eo Eo
Al 3+ | Al = –1.66 V, Zn 2+ | Zn = –0.76 V
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Here Al electrode is anode and Zn electrode is cathode.
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 = 3.074 V
L L
à (c) \
d–
Al | Al3+ (0.25 M) || Zn 2+
(0.15M) | //
Zn(s)Å Page:4 //
´
æ ö
ç L ÷ L L L
L
Eo 3+ çè E o
L Zn÷ø | Zn
Al | Al = –1.66 V, 2+ = –0.76 V
Here Al electrode is anode and Zn electrode is cathode.

Eocell = Eo – Eo
Zn+ | Zn Al 3+ | Al
à L ´
= –0.76 – (–1.66)
= –0.76 + 1.66 = 0.9 V
2+ –
Cathode : 3Zn(aq) + 6e ƒ 3Zn(s)

RA
L
a 3+ –
Anode : 2Al(s) ƒ 2Al(aq) + 6e
L
à L
a
Cell reaction
2+ 3+
: 2Al(s) + 3Zn(aq) ƒ 2Al(aq) + 3Zn(s)

ND
-a
Here, n = 6
\ ´
L o 0.0592 [Al 3+ ]2
aE E – log
cell = cell
L n [Zn 2+ ]3

KE
a 0.0592 (0.25)2
=- 0.9
a
– log
6 (0.15)3
\ = 0.9 – ´0.00986 log 18.52

N
\ Ecell = 0.9 – 0.00987 (1.2677)
= 0.9 – 0.0125 = 0.8875 V
HA
11. Write the Kohlrausch’s law of independent migration of ions and explain.
X
0
à The molar conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite dilution L m is the sum of the value of the molar
conductivities of positive ion and negative ion present in them l°m+and l°m–
AS

à The value of molar conductivity Lm for different electrolytes can be obtained.

0
L m = V+ l°m+ + V– l°m–
AK

à 400 L
à
l l
Molar conductivities

CH3COOH
(ohm-1cm2mol-1)

PR

200

KCl
AR

0 0.2 0.4
1
C /(mol/lit) 2
M
KU

à It is found from the study that a straight line is obtained for the molar conductivity (Lm) at different
concentration of the strong electrolyte like KCl.
à In this graph the value of limiting molar conductivity extended to Zero concentration the intercept is
0
obtained or molar conductivity ( L m ) at infinite dilution will be obtained.
à But for weak electrolyte like CH3COOH the graph of molar conductivity at different dilutions of weak
electrolyte does not give staight line but a curve.
à So their intercepts obtained are not correct and the true values of molar conductivity at infinite dilution
cannot be obtained.
0
à Scientist Kohlrausch studied the L m values of some strong electrolytes. He observed some characteristics
viz.
0
à e.g. The difference between the value of L m values of two strong electrolyte like NaX and KX (X = Cl,
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Br, I) was found to Kendra
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0 0
(KCl) – (NaCl)
 cannot be obtained.
0
à Scientist Kohlrausch studied the L m values of some strong electrolytes. He observed some characteristics
// Page:5 //
viz.
0
à e.g. The difference between the value of L m values of two strong electrolyte like NaX and KX (X = Cl,
Br, I) was found to be same.
0 0
L m (KCl) – L m (NaCl)
0 0
= L m (KBr) – L m (NaBr)
0 0
= L m (KI) – L m (NaI)
= 23.4 mho cm2 mol–1 OR SI unit S cm2 mol–1
0 0

RA
Similarly, L m (NaBr) – L m (NaCl)
0 0
= L m (KBr) – L m (KCl)
= 1.8 mho cm2 mol–1

ND
à It can be concluded from this study, that the molar conductivity of a strong ionic electrolyte is equal to sum
of molar ionic conductivity of the positive ion and the molar ionic conductivity of negative ion.
0
e.g., L m NaCl = l°mNa+ + l°m (Cl–)

KE
à If the electrolyte gives V+ and V– ions due to dissociation then their molar conductances, can be written
as l°m = V+ l°m+ + V– l°m–
à Where, l°m+ and l°m– respectively are ionic molar conductivity of positive and negative ion.
0
à The molar conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite dilution L m is the sum of the molar conductivities of

N
positve ion and negative ion present in them l°m(+) and l°m(–).
à Uses : The molar conductivity at infinite dilution for a weak. Electrolyte can be obtained by adding of
HA
subtracting the values of molar conductivities at infinite dilution of the solutions of proper strong
electrolytes.
à Suppose the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte CH3COOH is to be determined.
AS

CH3COOH = CH3COO– + H+
= (CH3COO– + Na+) + (H+ + Cl–) – (Na+ + Cl–)
= CH3COONa + HCl – NaCl
AK

0
\ L m CH3COOH
0 0 0
= L m CH3COONa + L m HCl – L m NaCl
PR

à According to Kohlrausch’s law :

0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(Na+) + l°m(H+) + l°m(Cl–) – [(l°m(Na+) + l°m(Cl–)]
0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(Na+) + l°m(H+) + l°m(Cl–) – l°m(Na+) – l°m(Cl–)
0
AR

L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(H+)

0
à The molar conductivity of an electrolyte at infinite dilution L m is the sum of the molar conductivities of
positve ion and negative ion present in them l°m(+) and l°m(–).
M

à Uses : The molar conductivity at infinite dilution for a weak. Electrolyte can be obtained by adding of
subtracting the values of molar conductivities at infinite dilution of the solutions of proper strong
electrolytes.
KU

à Suppose the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte CH3COOH is to be determined.

CH3COOH = CH3COO– + H+
= (CH3COO– + Na+) + (H+ + Cl–) – (Na+ + Cl–)
= CH3COONa + HCl – NaCl
0
\ L m CH3COOH
0 0 0
= L m CH3COONa + L m HCl – L m NaCl
à According to Kohlrausch’s law :
0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(Na+) + l°m(H+) + l°m(Cl–) – [(l°m(Na+) + l°m(Cl–)]
0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(Na+) + l°m(H+) + l°m(Cl–) – l°m(Na+) – l°m(Cl–)
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L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(H+)
 = CH3COONa + HCl – NaCl
0
\ L m CH3COOH
0 0 0
= L m CH3COONa + L m HCl – L m //
NaClPage:6 //
à According to Kohlrausch’s law :
0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(Na+) + l°m(H+) + l°m(Cl–) – [(l°m(Na+) + l°m(Cl–)]
0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(Na+) + l°m(H+) + l°m(Cl–) – l°m(Na+) – l°m(Cl–)
0
L m (CH3COOH) = l°m(CH3COO–) + l°m(H+)

RA
ND
à

KE
-

N
à HA
L l + l
AS

à L l +l
AK
PR
AR
M
KU

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