Westfield Stratford City Phase 2

Energy Statement

February 2017
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS
Revision Date Amendment Details Revision prepared by Revision approved by
1.0 14-03-2016 Draft for internal review Dion Mellows James Day
2.0 06-04-2016 Stage 2 Issue Dion Mellows James Day
3.0 15-12-2016 Updated Draft Areti Makantasi Martin Dabnor
4.0 20-12-2016 Final Draft for Approval Areti Makantasi Martin Dabnor
5.0 02-02-2017 Planning Issue Areti Makantasi Martin Dabnor

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RECORD OF AMENDMENTS I
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1
2 INTRODUCTION 2
2.1 Purpose of report 2
2.2 Summary of Proposals 2
2.3 Planning History 2
3 DRIVERS AND TARGETS FOR ENERGY STRATEGY 3
3.1 Building Regulations 2013 AD L2B 3
3.2 London Plan 3
3.3 London Legacy Development Corporation’s (LLDC) Design Quality Policy (September 2012) 3
4 ENERGY STRATEGY PRINCIPLES 4
4.1 Be Lean – Use Less Energy 4
4.2 Be Clean – Supply Energy Efficiently 5
4.3 Be Green – Renewable Energy 5
4.4 Policy 5.9 - Overheating and Cooling 5
4.5 BREEAM UK RFO 2014 6
5 CONCLUSION 7
6 APPENDIX A: COMMERCIAL BUILDING FABRIC & SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SUMMARY 8
7 APPENDIX B: VIABILITY OF LZC TECHNOLOGIES 9

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1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Norman Disney and Young (NDY) has been commissioned by Westfield Europe Ltd (the ‘Applicant’) to produce
an Energy Statement which will form part of a full planning application for the proposed redevelopment of
Westfield Stratford City shopping centre, Stratford, London (the ‘Site’).
The planning application relates to the extension to Westfield Stratford City (Phase 2) via the removal of level
10, change of use from car parking to retail (use classes a1-a4) and levels change at level 08; re-provision of car
parking at new level 04 following excavation; insertion of two escalator structures on level 14 (the street), and;
associated internal/below grade works to facilitate vehicle, pedestrian and services connectivity (including plant
at levels 30 and 40) (“the Development”).
This Energy Statement details the energy strategy that has been produced for the extension to the
development, which aims to address the following main objectives:
 Comply with Building Regulations 2013 Approved Document L2B (AD L2B)
 Comply with the following policies of London Plan 2016:
− Policy 5.2 Minimising carbon dioxide emissions
− Policy 5.6 Decentralised energy networks
− Policy 5.7 Renewable energy
 Meet the London Legacy Development Corporation requirements for minimising carbon emissions,
through the application of the Energy Hierarchy and achieving the credits for Ene 01 required for a Very
Good rating under the BREEAM RFO 2014 scheme.
The Energy Strategy that is proposed has been based on the Energy Hierarchy as detailed in the London Plan
2016 Policy 5.2 and is outlined below. The strategy comprises a series of energy efficiency measures (‘Lean’
measures) and low carbon technologies (‘Clean’ measures). The potential integration of renewable energy
technologies have also been investigated (‘Green’ measures).
Figure 1: Energy Hierarchy
“Be Lean” Energy Efficiency Measures
The following energy efficiency measures are proposed:
 The U-values of the new and the retained building elements in accordance with or better that the minimum
requirements of AD L2B
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 Building Management System (BMS) to efficiently monitor and measure the energy consumption Thermal,
time and zone controls to improve the level of control.
 Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. Distribution systems will be selected to achieve low SFP’
(Specific Fan power).
 Low energy lighting and lighting controls
 Use low water use fittings. This reduces the amount of hot water consumed and hence the energy used to
produce hot water.
 Air permeability rate set at 5.0 m3/hr/m2
“Be Clean” Low Carbon Technology
The extension to the development will be served by services connected to the existing district heating and
cooling network Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, which is located in close proximity to the Site. This network,
which provides heating via a CHP plant and cooling via absorption chillers, serves the Queen Elizabeth Olympic
Park and the Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre. The district heating network provides 100% of the
heating and cooling demand for the development.
“Be Green” Zero Carbon technology
Several Low/Zero Carbon (LZC) technologies have been evaluated regarding their feasibility in consideration of
the extension to the development. This assessment, which is presented in detail in Appendix B, has concluded
that no LZC technology is considered viable, due to the limited available area, Site constraints and because
some of the technologies were found to contradict with the connection of the development to the district
heating and cooling network.
Compliance with Building Regulations 2013 – AD L2B
The propsed energy strategy resulted in compliance with AD L2B for the proposed extension to the
developement. This report demonstrates how the following requirements for compliance have been met:
 The U-values of the thermal elements have been specified to meet or exceed the minimum standards
set out by AD L2B
 The building services systems have been specififed to meet or exceed the minimum requirements of
the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide 2013
The propopsed extension to the developement does not comprise any new controlled fittings (windows or roof
lights). Therefore the compliance requirements regarding these elements are not applicable to this
Development
Compliance with BREEAM UK RFO 2014
The proposed extension to the development has been assessed against the requirements of BREEAM UK RFO
2014, targeting a Very Good rating. The number of credits that can be achieved by the proposed energy
strategy under Ene 01 has been calculated at 2.16, based on the BREEAM elemental approach, which
corresponds to 36% of the available credits for this category.
1

2 INTRODUCTION
2.1 Purpose of report
Norman Disney and Young (NDY) has been commissioned by Westfield Europe Ltd (the ‘Applicant’) to produce
an Energy Statement which will form part of a full planning application for the proposed redevelopment of
Westfield Stratford City, Stratford, London (the ‘Site’).
The planning application relates to the extension to Westfield Stratford City (Phase 2) via the removal of level
10, change of use from car parking to retail (use classes a1-a4) and levels change at level 08; re-provision of car
parking at new level 04 following excavation; insertion of two escalator structures on level 14 (the street), and;
associated internal/below grade works to facilitate vehicle, pedestrian and services connectivity (including plant
at levels 30 and 40) (“the Development”).
This Energy Statement details the energy strategy that has been produced for the extension to the
development for compliance with Building Regulations AD L2B. The Statement demonstrates how compliance
with the requirements of this approved document has been achieved through the proposed energy strategy.
The proposed energy strategy seeks to address the following main objectives for the proposed extension to the
development:
In the context of the London Plan, identification of Stratford as a Metropolitan Centre with potential to become
an International Centre, this scale of growth is regarded as proportionate, appropriate, and fully consistent with
policy.
The Site is bound to the South-West by Westfield Avenue and to the South-East by Montfichet Road. Westfield
Avenue is a two-way dual carriageway with a kerbed central reserve. At its Eastern extent, Westfield Avenue
links to Montfichet Road via a three-arm signal controlled junction. At its Western extent, Westfield Avenue
links to Waterden Road, Olympic Park Avenue and International Way via a series of signal controlled junctions.
Montfichet Road is a two-way dual carriageway which links Penny Brookes Street to the North and Warton
Road to the South.
Roads adjacent to the Site do not form part of TfL’s Road Network (TLRN) and Strategic Road Network (SRN).
The nearest TLRN road is the A12, which is located approximately 3km to the North of the Site and the nearest
SRN road is the A118 High Street, which is located approximately 1km to the South of the Site.
Westfield Stratford City Shopping Centre benefits from a wide range of high frequency public transport services,
including bus and coach services from Stratford City and Stratford bus and coach stations, and rail, London
Underground and Docklands Light Railway (DLR) services from Stratford International rail station and Stratford
rail and underground station.

 Comply with Building Regulations 2013 ADL2B

 Comply with the energy requirements of BREEAM Refurbishment and Fit-out 2014 (RFO) to achieve a Very
Good rating
 Complete an Energy Statement that follows the Energy Hierarchy of the London Plan 2016: The Site
− Minimise CO2 emissions in accordance with the Energy Hierarchy (London Plan 2016 Policy 5.2):

› Be Lean - Use less energy

› Be Clean - Supply energy efficiently

› Be Green - Use renewable energy

− Reduce CO2 emissions, within the framework of the Energy Hierarchy; through the use of on-site
renewable energy generation, wherever feasible (London Plan 2016 policy 5.7).

 Meet the London Legacy Development Corporation requirements for minimising carbon emissions, through
the application of the Energy Hierarchy and achieving the credits for Ene 01 required for a Very Good rating
under the BREEAM RFO 2014 scheme.

2.2 Summary of Proposals

The proposed extension to the development comprises the change of use and reconfiguration of existing car
parking beneath Westfield Stratford City (WSC) to provide 14,532sq.m (GIA) of A1-A4 floorspace. The proposed
Development will predominately include ‘higher order’ A1 land uses and associated A2/A3/A4 floorspace, tailored
to meet the continuing demand from retailers for new and/or additional representation at WSC. The Phase II
scheme represents a net increase of circa 10% floorspace.
The new retail floor, which will replace existing car parking at Level 08, is expected to provide approximately 75
units, including kiosks, but the internal configuration of the space and number of units will ultimately be
determined by occupier demand. The basement level (Level 04) will be excavated to provide a new car parking deck
which will replace the existing car parking deck being removed from Level 10. Minor changes to lifts, escalators and
plant will result at Levels 14, 30 and 40.
Figure 2: View of the Site
2.3 Planning History
The original Stratford City Consent (07/90023/VARODA) established the principle of the comprehensive
redevelopment of the Stratford Rail Lands to create a new mixed use urban shopping centre, alongside other
uses. The Site falls within Stratford City Zone 1 of the Zonal Masterplan. A reserved matters planning
application for the main shopping centre was approved in January 2011 for 76,557 sqm of retail floorspace,
alongside other uses. Subsequent reserved matters application for various development Blocks within Zone 1
have been approved, which include additional elements of retail, office and hotel floorspace. The proposed
Phase II Development Site overlaps with a number of reserved matters applications, predominantly those
relating to Blocks M1-M8.

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3 DRIVERS AND TARGETS FOR ENERGY STRATEGY 3.2.1 Policy 5.2 - Minimising Carbon dioxide emissions
Development proposals should make the fullest contribution to minimising carbon dioxide emissions in
3.1 Building Regulations 2013 AD L2B accordance with the following energy hierarchy:
The proposed extension to the development falls within the scope of AD L2B, as it comprises a change of use in  “Be Lean” : Use less energy
part of the existing shopping centre and the area of the proposed extension does not exceed 25% of the total
floor area of the existing building. Compliance with AD L2B therefore requires the following:  “Be Clean”: Supply energy efficiently

 “Be Green” : Use renewable energy

 Sections 4.1 and 4.3 to 4.13: The U-values of the new and retained thermal elements should be specified
in accordance with the minimum standards set out by AD L2B and as outlined in Tables 1 and 2.
The proposed design does not comprise any provision for new controlled fitting (windows or roof lights)
therefore the relevant sections of the AD L2B are not applicable to the proposed scheme.
Table 1: Minimum standards for new thermal elements
Minimum Standard (W/m2K)
Heat loss walls 0.28
3.2.2 Policy 5.6 Decentralised Energy in Development Proposals
 Development proposals should evaluate the feasibility of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems, and
where a new CHP system is appropriate also examine opportunities to extend the system beyond the site
boundary to adjacent sites.
 Major development proposals should select energy systems in accordance with the following hierarchy:
− Connection to existing heating or cooling networks
− Site wide CHP network
− Communal heating and cooling.

Flat roofs 0.18  Potential opportunities to meet the first priority in this hierarchy are outlined in the London Heat Map
tool. Where future network opportunities are identified, proposals should be designed to connect to these
networks.
Heat loss floors 0.22
3.2.3 Policy 5.7 - Renewable Energy
Table 2: Minimum standards for retained thermal elements
Within the framework of the energy hierarchy (see Policy 5.2 above), major development proposals should
provide a reduction in expected carbon dioxide emissions through the use of on-site renewable energy
Threshold U-value (W/m2K) Improved U-value value generation, where feasible.
(W/m2K)
3.2.4 Policy 5.9 - Overheating and Cooling
Wall – cavity insulation 0.70 0.55
Major development proposals should reduce potential overheating and reliance on air conditioning systems
and demonstrate this in accordance with the following cooling hierarchy:
Wall – external insulation 0.70 0.30
 Minimise internal heat generation through energy efficient design
Heat loss floors 0.70 0.25
 Reduce the amount of heat entering a building in summer through orientation, shading, albedo,
fenestration, insulation and green roofs and walls
Flat roof 0.35 0.18
 Manage the heat within the building through exposed internal thermal mass and high ceilings
 Sections 4.29 to 4.32: Controlled services should be specified to meet the following requirements:
 Passive ventilation
− The efficiency of the controlled services should be in accordance with or higher than the minimum
efficiencies described with the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide.  Mechanical ventilation

− The efficiency of any new systems should not be lower than that of the system that has been replaced  Active cooling systems (ensuring they are the lowest carbon options)

 Sections 4.33 to 4.35: Energy meters should be installed in accordance with CIBSE TM39, to assign at least 3.3 London Legacy Development Corporation’s (LLDC) Design Quality Policy (September
90% of the annual estimated energy consumption of the various fuel types to each end-use category. 2012)

3.2 London Plan  Energy Conservation & Carbon Reduction

The London Plan 2016, prepared by the Mayor of London, states requirements for energy efficiency and The Policy doesn’t include a section in relation to CO2 emissions reductions in relation to extensions to existing
renewable energy for proposed developments. As this is an extension to a major development, the buildings. The proposed extension to the development will comply with the requirements of BREEAM UK RFO
requirements of the London Plan 2016 have been applied as follows: 2014 targeting a Very Good rating.

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 Table 4: Proposed U-values for new thermal elements
4 ENERGY STRATEGY PRINCIPLES
The proposed energy strategy has been developed based on the Energy Hierarchy described by Policy 5.2 of the Proposed U-value (W/m2K) Minimum Standard (W/m2K)
London Plan 2016, as illustrated by Figure 3 below.
Heat loss walls 0.28 0.28

Heat loss floor 0.22 0.22

 Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and energy efficient air distribution systems
Ventilation will be designed in accordance with Building Regulations Approved Document Part F and CIBSE
guidelines, with the minimum outside air supply met at all times by mechanical ventilation systems. The
systems will be connected to the BMS. The maximum standards have been obtained from the Non-Domestic
Building Services Compliance Guide, Table 35 for existing buildings.

Table 5: Proposed ventilation systems

System Proposed Design Maximum Standards

Mechanical Ventilation Mall areas
Specific Fan Power (W/l/s) 2.20 2.20
Fan coil (FCU) Retail areas
Heat Recovery (%) 70 -
Specific Fan Power (W/l/s) 2.20 2.20
Specific Fan Power (terminal fan) 0.50 0.50
Figure 3: Calculation of Energy/Carbon Dioxide Savings Extract Only Toilets
Specific Fan Power (W/l/s) 0.50 0.50

4.1 Be Lean – Use Less Energy

 Low energy lighting and lighting controls
The proposed energy demand reduction measures are related to the thermal properties of the building fabric, All areas will comprise efficient lighting with luminous efficacies that in accordance or better than the minimum
which will be specified to meet or exceed the minimum standards set out by AD L2B and to the controlled lighting efficacy recommended by the Non-Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide, as outlined in Table 6.
services which will be specified in accordance with the Non-Domestic Building Services Guide.
Lighting will be controlled by photoelectric daylight dimming at the reception and restaurant areas, where
 Low U-values, which are in line or better than the minimum standards set out by AD L2B adequate daylight levels are anticipated. Lighting at back of the house (BOH) areas will be controlled by
automatic presence detectors.
This reduces the heat losses through the building fabric, thus the energy demand for heating and cooling. The
specified U-values for the proposed extension are outlined in Tables 3 and 4. Table 6: Proposed lighting efficacies and lighting controls
The U-values of the retained thermal elements have been obtained from ‘as built’ information used to produce
the EPC for the existing building. These U-values are below the threshold U-values and hence no thermal Proposed Design Maximum Standards
improvements are required to the retained building elements. Space Lighting
Areas Retail, seating areas
Table 3: Proposed U-values for retained thermal elements Efficacy (lm/W) 65 54
Areas Toilets, circulation, storage spaces
Proposed U-value (W/m K) 2 2
Threshold U-value (W/m K) Efficacy (lm/W) 60 54
Display Lighting
Heat loss walls 0.35 0.70 Efficacy (lm/W) 30 22
Lighting Controls
Heat loss floor 0.25 0.70 Automatic on-off in toilets, manual
Manual on-off in all areas
on-off in all other areas
Roof 0.25 0.35

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 Use low water use fittings.
This reduces the amount of hot water consumed and hence the energy used to produce hot water. Water
consumption rates will be reduced based on the baseline figures detailed in the BREEAM RFO 2014 technical
manual SD216-Issue 1.0
Appendix A outlines the proposed system and thermal performances.
4.2 Be Clean – Supply Energy Efficiently
Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is powered by two cutting edge energy centres; one in King’s Yard on the west of
the Park and the other near to Westfield Stratford City shopping centre forming a decentralised energy network
of heating, cooling and power.
Each energy centre has been designed, financed and built by Engie, the energy services company of GDF SUEZ,
along with approximately 18km of insulated heat and cooling networks as part of an energy concession on the
Park. The concession will be operated by Engie for 40 years.
Each centre:
 Has an initial capacity of 46.5 MW of heating and 16 MW of cooling, with space for additional boilers and
engines to increase this capacity in the future
 Is 45m tall at its highest point
 Includes five cooling towers, and two hot water storage tanks each weighing around 60 tons
 Uses zero carbon renewable energy sources such as biomass or bio-fuel
 Has been designed to be able run using different types of fuel to enable the network to make use of
advances in energy technology and further reduce carbon emissions.
The existing shopping centre is connected to the district heating network and utilises the system to provide
heating to the Site. The extension will connect to the existing building’s supplies to extend the network to the
new spaces.
The Site
Figure 3: London Heat Map
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4.3 Be Green – Renewable Energy
This section summarises the renewable energy options reviewed for the scheme. The technologies are assessed
using the methodologies outlined in the GLA Toolkit.
4.3.1 Renewable Technologies considered to be not appropriate
The following technologies were evaluated and considered not to be viable for incorporation on this site.
Details of this assessment can be found in Appendix C.
 Wind turbines
 Solar thermal heating
 Biomass heating
 Hydrogen fuel cells
 Solar Photo Voltaic (PV)
4.3.2 Renewable Technologies considered to be appropriate
No renewable technologies have currently been considered for use on the site as the extension to the
development has sought to reduce the CO2 emissions by providing a thermally efficient facade to the
development along with providing efficient building services and by harnessing the available clean energy from
the district energy centre.
The extension to the development will connect to the district heating network provided on Site. Although this
type of technology is consider LZC and not renewable, the strategy for the CHP system is to convert the energy
centre into a hydrogen fuel cell centre in ≥30 years when the technology will allow the site to convert.
Hydrogen fuel cells are considered a renewable technology under the London Plan 2016 and as such the site
will be connected automatically to the system when the Energy Network converts to the technology. In the
short term the building is reducing its CO2 emissions associated with heating through the provision of heat from
the Energy network.
4.4 Policy 5.9 - Overheating and Cooling
Major development proposals should reduce potential overheating and reliance on air conditioning systems
and demonstrate this in accordance with the cooling hierarchy.
Energy efficient buildings will be well insulated, have low air permeability and make use of winter solar gain.
However the effects of these improved standards are an increased risk of overheating from solar gains in
summer which could result in an increased use of energy for cooling.
The following points from the energy strategy of the proposed building address each stage of the cooling
hierarchy:
 Energy efficient design: The building services in the extension to the development have been designed to
be energy efficient. The ventilation system is connected to a Building Management System (BMS) to
prevent excess use and to provide heating and cooling within set parameters. Lighting has been designed
to have an efficacy in lumens/circuit Watt higher than the standards set by the Non-Domestic Building
Services Compliance Guide.
 Orientation, shading, green roofs and walls: The proposed extension is subterranean and therefore there
are no solar gains, as there are no glazed elements in the proposed extension.
 Exposed internal thermal mass and high ceilings: The internal floors will be solid concrete along with the
buildings core. This will add to the thermal mass of the buildings. The high ceilings will allow more air
movement in centre reducing overheating risks.
 Passive ventilation: No windows to allow for passive ventilation.
5
 Table 7: Targeted characteristics for the water fittings
 Mechanical Ventilation: Mechanical ventilation is provided by Mechanical Ventilation Heat Recovery units.
 Active Cooling System: Comfort cooling is provided through the district cooling network provided from the
district energy centre. Fitting Type Effective flush volume (litres)/flow rate (litres/min)

4.5 BREEAM UK RFO 2014 WC 5

The energy strategy has been developed targeting a Very Good rating under BREEAM UK RFO 2014. The
targeted BREEAM credits relevant to the energy strategy are the following: Washing hand basin taps 9

 Ene 1 Reduction of energy use and carbon emissions: The elemental approach has been followed for the Urinals 6
calculation of the available and the achievable credits. The BREEAM Elemental Tool has been completed
and concluded that 6 credits are available for this assessment. The proposed energy strategy has allowed Kitchen taps 10
2.16 credits to be awarded, which corresponds to the 36% of the available credits of this category.
Therefore, the minimum rating that can be achieved by the proposed extension to the development is
BREEAM Excellent.
 Pol 02 NOx emissions: The heating plant will be specified to meet the required NOx emission levels to
achieve 2 credits under this issue (< 70mg /kWh)
 Ene 02 Energy monitoring: Energy metering systems will be installed to enable at least 90% of the
estimated annual energy consumption of each fuel to be assigned to the various end-use categories of
energy consuming systems. Building Management System (BMS) will be installed to control and monitor
the building services systems.

 Ene 04 Low carbon design: A detailed LZC technologies feasibility study has been carried out and is
presented in Appendix B

 Ene 06 Energy efficient transportation systems: Lifts and escalators across the proposed extension will be
specified to be compliant with BREEAM requirements, comprising the following features:
− The lifts will operate in a standby condition during off-peak periods.
− The lift car lighting and display lighting will provide an average lamp efficacy, (across all fittings in the
car) of > 55 lamp lumens/circuit Watt.
− The lift will use a drive controller capable of variable speed, variable-voltage, and variable-frequency
(VVVF) control of the drive motor.
− Each escalator and/or moving walk will comply with at least one of the following:
− It will be fitted with a load-sensing device that synchronises motor output to passenger demand
through a variable speed drive; or it will be fitted with a passenger-sensing device for automated
operation (auto walk), so the escalator operates in standby mode when there is no passenger demand.

 Wat 01 Water Consumption: Water fittings will be specified to meet the following characteristics, which
are the minimum required to achieve an Excellent rating:

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5 CONCLUSION
Compliance with Building Regulations 2013 AD L2B – The proposed energy strategy for the extension to the
development will comprise the following measures which demonstrate compliance with AD L2B:

 The U-values of the new and the retained building elements will be in compliance or better than the
maximum recommended by AD L2B

 The efficiencies of the building services systems will be in accordance with the Non-Domestic Building
Services Compliance Guide

 The efficacy of the internal lighting will be improved compared to the minimum recommended by the Non-
Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide
Connecting to Decentralised energy- The Site will be connected to the existing district heating and cooling
network that forms part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and is in close proximity to the Site. The district
network will satisfy the total heating and cooling loads of the Site, including the new extension.
Maximising on site Renewable Energy Generation- Policy 5.7: Renewable Energy of the London Plan requires
all major development consider on-site renewable energy generation, within the framework of the Energy
Hierarchy.
No renewable technologies are viable to the site due to the constraints listed against each renewable
technology listed in Appendix B. The district heating network has been designed to allow for a future
conversion to be a hydrogen fuel cell energy centre. The technology is not yet available commercially, however
when the technology is more widely available the energy centre will be converted to the technology.
Reduce Overheating and cooling- Policy 5.9: Overheating and Cooling-Major development proposals should
reduce potential overheating and reliance on air conditioning systems and demonstrate this in accordance with
the cooling hierarchy. The cooling hierarchy has been addressed in Section 5.1. All efforts have been made to
address each stage of the cooling hierarchy before mechanical ventilation and cooling is proposed.
BREEAM UK RFO 2014- The proposed extension to the development has targeted a Very Good rating, in
accordance with Policy 5.2 of the LLDC. 6 credits have been calculated to be available for this assessment, while
the proposed energy strategy can allow 2.16 credits to be awarded to the proposed extension to the
development. This corresponds to 36% of the available credits and therefore the minimum rating that can be
achieved by the proposed extension to the development is BREEAM Excellent.

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6 APPENDIX A: COMMERCIAL BUILDING FABRIC & SYSTEM PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Element or System Proposed Building Minimum Standards Building Regulations AD L2B
2
Building Fabric U-values (W/m K)
New heat loss walls 0.28 0.28
Retained heat loss walls 0.35 0.70
Ground floor u-value 0.22 0.22
Air Permeability
3 2 3 2
5 m /h/m 5 m /h/m
Cooling Plant District Cooling
Retail Electrically driven chillers COP - 5.23
COP at 100% 3.6
Absorption chiller COP - 1.37
Heating Plant District Heating
Fuel & Type CHP (existing district energy centre) Gas Boiler
Heating Efficiency 43% 87%
Net to Power Ratio 0.967 N/A
1
Fuel & Type Electric DHW Gas Boiler
Heating Efficiency 100% 87%
Distribution Efficiency 95% 100%
HVAC
Mechanical Ventilation 2.20 W/(l/s) – 70% heat recovery 2.20 W/(l/s) – 70% heat recovery
Areas Mall areas
Heat recovery 70% -
SFP W/(l/s/) 2.20 2.20
Extract Only (Toilets) 0.5 W/(l/s/) 0.5 W/(l/s/)
Fancoil Units
Areas Retail areas
Heat recovery 70% -
SFP W/(l/s/) 2.20 2.20
Terminal fan SFP W/(l/s/) 0.50 0.50
Extract Only
SFP W/(l/s/) 0.50 0.50
Lighting & Lighting Controls
65m lm/W in retail and seating areas
Space lighting efficacy (lm/W) 54 lm/W in all areas
60 lm/W in toilets, circulation, storage
Display lighting efficacy (lm/W) 30 lm/W 22 lm/W
Auto-On-Off in WC areas
Lighting Controls Man-On-Off all areas
Man-On-Off all other areas
Weather File London TRY London TRY
LZC Technology CHP - existing district heating centre N/A
Management Features
Lighting systems have provision for metering
Automatic monitoring and targeting with alarm for out
Automatic monitoring and targeting with alarm for out
of range values
of range values
Power correction factor correction to 0.95
Power correction factor corrected to 0.90 - 0.95

1
Domestic hot water (DHW) is proposed to be supplied by electric heaters, rather than from the district heating network. The cost of extending the network to include these zones is disproportionately high in comparison to the energy and carbon emission
reduction benefits attributable to this alternative solution for primary heating to satisfy DHW load. The use of electric water heaters is therefore a cost effective approach for these zones and will not result in a significant impact in the overall, carbon emission
reduction performance of the proposed refurbishment project.
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7 APPENDIX B: VIABILITY OF LZC TECHNOLOGIES
This section presents an overview of the available renewable energy and LZC technologies and evaluating their
applicability to the extension to the development. Renewable energy technologies are defined within the
Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament (EU 2009) Energy from renewable sources means energy
from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean
energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.
The available LZC technologies for the Site are as follows.
 Wind Turbines
 Photovoltaics
 Solar Water Heating
 Air Source Heat Pumps
 Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP)
 Biomass
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Wind Power
Wind turbines harness the energy in the wind and convert it to electricity.
This can then be fed into the building or exported to the grid. Wind turbines
are available in different sizes and designs, typically small turbines will be
roof mounted and large turbines will be free standing. Horizontal axis
turbines are the most common, although vertical axis turbines are also
available.
Wind turbines are a renewable source of energy; although for them to be
viable needs to be an average wind speed of more than 5-6m/s, and a good
prevailing wind without obstacles.
Land Use Wind turbines, generally should be sited as high as possible, on the top of
roofs or in the landscape facing the prevailing wind direction in unobstructed
areas. Safety margins can exist in public areas for turbine fall-over distances,
and they should be sited at least three blade diameters apart when grouped
together
Local Planning Requirements
Both visual and noise impact from installing wind turbine may cause concerns
on planning application. The rotation of the blades and the shadows that are
cast must be considered to minimise visual impact.
Noise Impact
Noise is produced at the gear box generator and by air movement over
turbine blades. These may cause noise nuisance on the surrounding building
occupants.
Limitations
Wind turbines in built up areas are generally regarded as less effective than
other renewable technologies.
Feasibility of Exporting
Electricity to the Grid May be possible through feed-in tariffs, but as wind turbines have not been
considered for this project; it has not been explored further.
Grants Wind turbines are eligible for feed-in tariffs, which will provide a generation
tariff on a sliding scale for small (<1.5 kW), to large scale turbines (>1.5MW).
A 5 kW turbine is eligible for a 14.45 p/kWh3 payment. This applies to all
electricity generated. Where the electricity is exported to the grid, a further
4.77 p/kWh4 is paid.
Conclusion Due to the predicted site wind speed being below the recommended limit,
the effect of turbulence within the urban environment, and the questionable
efficiency of small scale units, wind turbines are not deemed appropriate as a
renewable technology for this building.
9
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaic arrays can be either installed as standalone pitched units or
incorporated into the building fabric, with both roof and facade integrated
products available. The optimum positioning for photovoltaic arrays in the UK
is typically a southerly orientation at a 30° pitch, with efficiency decreasing
moving away from the configuration. Array efficiency can also be greatly
affected by shading and the shadow path throughout the day must also be
considered. Standalone pitched arrays must be spaced to avoid shading
between units.
Land Use PV cells can be integrated into the building facade or rooflight glazing or
mounted on the roof. The ratio of the roof of the proposed tower to its
height does not allow for installation of a PV system that would provide
meaningful contribution to the overall performance of the Development.
Additionally, the roof area of the Mews Building is also considered minor in
comparison to the overall floor area of the Development, thus installation of a
PV system at this roof, would have a negligible impact on the Development’s
CO2 emissions.
Local Planning Requirements
Policy 5.7: Renewable Energy of the London Plan requires all major
developments to consider on-site renewable energy generation, within the
framework of the Energy Hierarchy
Noise Impact
A PV system is completely silent in operation. The output of the system is also
significantly affected by the available solar radiation and therefore its
performance is reduced in cloudy conditions.
Limitations
Shading can significantly reduce the efficiency of the PV system
Feasibility of Exporting
Electricity to the Grid Electricity generated by PVs can be exported to the grid through feed-in
tariffs.
As PVs are not considered feasible for this Development, this has not been
explored further.
Grants Solar PV is eligible for feed-in tariffs, which will provide a generation tariff for
installations up to a maximum 50 kW. The tariff for a small system (<4 kWp) is
13.88 p/kWh.
Conclusion Photovoltaics are not feasible for the Development, due to limited available
area. The rooftops are taken up with car parking and site plant.
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Solar Water Heating
Solar collectors are used to absorb the suns solar radiation. By passing liquid
through these panels we can then harness this energy to heat water. This
water is passed through a heat exchanger to heat water stored within a
cylinder.
Solar water heating is a renewable technology; the only energy used is for a
small pump to circulate the heated fluid. Typically a solar thermal system can
save over 50% of the energy needed for hot water in a dwelling.
The optimum heat recovery is when the panels are inclined at around 30o.
Solar panels are a proven technology and have relatively low maintenance.
Land Use Solar hot water panels are generally located at the roof level on support
frames, orientated to maximise solar heat absorption. The limitation of the
PV panels, in relation to the ratio of the roof area to the building height is also
applicable to this technology, thus its installation is not considered viable.
Local Planning Requirements
There are no planning policy requirements in relation to this technology
Noise Impact
Solar collector is silent in operation
Limitations
The output is weather dependent with reduced performance in cloudy
conditions. Shading can also affect the efficiency of the system, resulting in
lower performance.
This technology also contradicts with the on-site CHP plant and therefore it is
not viable for the Development.
Feasibility of Exporting
Electricity to the Grid Not applicable to this technology
Grants Solar thermal systems are eligible for the Renewable Heat Incentive. As this
technology has not been considered feasible for this project; it has not been
explored further.
Conclusion The installation of this system is not recommended, considering that it is not
able to constantly supply hot water throughout the year, and due to the
limited available roof area.
10
Biomass Boilers
Biomass is the solid form of ‘bio energy’; energy is released by burning any
plant derived from organic material such as trees, crops or animal dung. The
material is burned in special boilers to provide heat energy, to replace the
energy used from conventional fossil fuels, e.g. gas or oil. The most common
form of biomass is wood, whether in a treated pellet form or of the natural
wood chip variety.
The organic material will release CO2 when burnt; this will be equivalent to
the CO2 which is absorbed during its growth. This makes biomass technology
carbon neutral because, unlike fossil fuels, biomass crops can renew
themselves over a relatively short period of time.
Land Use The system has a requirement for space for woods chips or pellets to be
stored.
Local Planning Requirements
The installation of this system and the associated NOx and particulate
emissions may be contradictory to the local planning policy related to air
quality.
Noise Impact
The biomass heating system does not produce excessive noise levels;
however noise will potentially be produced by the vehicles which will transfer
the wood pellets on-site.
Limitations
The system can potentially result in a negative impact on the air quality of the
local built environment, due to the level of NOx and particulate emissions
resulted from the biomass boiler.
Feasibility of Exporting
Electricity to the Grid Not Applicable
Grants Not Applicable
Conclusion The Development is proposed to be connected to a district heating and
cooling network and therefore this technology is not considered viable.
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Ground Source Heat Pumps
Ground source heat rejection can be provided by two basic methods, open
loop or closed loop boreholes. The site dimensions are such that it is unlikely
that more than 2 extract and 2 recharge open loop bores could be
accommodated (boreholes should be on a grid with 70 metre minimum
separation between extract and recharge bores and 30 metres minimum
separation between adjacent extract bores) so that the probable potential
cooling capacity available is in the order of 500kW.
Closed loop boreholes need 6 metre minimum separation from each other so
that if the whole site of approximately 96 metres x 50 metres was covered in
boreholes at 36m²/borehole there would be a maximum of 133 bores. With
each bore 100 metres deep a cooling capacity of approximately 4kW/bore or
532kW for the whole site could be achievable. Either of these methods could
provide approximately 12% of heat rejection capacity so that they would not
have a significant impact on space required for roof plant heat rejection.
Closed & open circuit loops can be installed either vertically in bore holes
Land Use (typically 50 to 100 metres deep), or horizontally in trenches at a depth of 2
metres. Either method is dependent upon local geological conditions.
Local Planning Requirements
Negotiation with the Environment Agency will be required regarding
borehole drilling procedure, size of the borehole array and extent of heat
exchange with the ground or aquifier.
Noise Impact There is noise associated with the operation of the heat pumps, which
requires noise attenuation measures.
Limitations
A detailed ground survey would be required to determine the suitability of
site in terms of ground conditions and underground obstructions which will
influence the performance of the system.
Feasibility of Exporting Exporting heat/electricity to the grid is not feasible.
Electricity to the Grid
Grants Renewable Heat Incentive may be explored at a later stage.
Conclusion As the Site is provided with heating from the district heating network the
technology is not deemed appropriate for the Development as the heating
provided from the heating network provides 100% of the heating demand of
the building.
11
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Revision No: 5.0 Authorisation By: - Martin Dabnor
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