This study is supported by the theory of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs which covers the physiological

needs. In his Hierarchy of Needs Theory, influential psychologist Abraham Maslow identifies sleep as an
essential primary need, along with other physiological needs, such as: food, air,warmth, and water
(Maslow, 2013). Maslow proposed that humans must satisfy their needs in a hierarchical order, tending
to the most basic needs first, before they can progressively move on to higher-order needs, and finally,
reach self-actualization. Maslow’s theory is supported in modern-day research regarding sleep, where
sleep has been identified as influential in cognitive functioning, psychosocial well-being, health, quality
of life, and longevity. At this end of the hierarchy, all the needs are ‘deficiency needs’. We need them
because when they are deficient, it’s unpleasant for us. At the top end of the hierarchy, there are
‘growth needs’ – we don’t need them because we’re lacking in something, but instead in order to grow
as individuals.

Hierarchical order here ranges from the most basic needs to the most advanced needs. It is, of course,
possible to feel a sense of social belonging (for instance) when you lack food or shelter; it’s just a lot
harder. If you’re struggling with the needs that lie further up the list, it might be worth considering
whether all your basic physiological needs are being met. For instance, among teenagers, sleep
deprivation has become the norm rather than the exception, with surveys reporting between 50% and
90% of teenagers failing to meet this basic physiological need.