Md Imamul Hasan Arif
MSS in GGW (DU), B.Sc. in Nursing (SUST).
Imamulhasan6300@gmail.com
01713636300.
Basic Needs
Human beings have certain basic needs. We must have food, water, air, and shelter to survive. If
any one of these basic needs is not met, then humans cannot survive.
A traditional list of immediate basic needs is food (including water), shelter, and clothing. Many
modern lists emphasize that the minimum level of consumption of basic needs also includes
sanitation, education, and health care.
Hierarchy of Needs-Abraham Maslow; 1943.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by the American psychologist
Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper “A Theory of Human Motivation”. Maslow developed a
theory that suggests we are motivated to satisfy five basic needs. These needs are arranged in a
hierarchy. Maslow suggests that we seek first to satisfy the lowest level of needs. Once this is
done, we seek to satisfy each higher level of need until we have satisfied all five needs.
While modern research shows some shortcomings with this theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs Theory remains an important and simple motivation tool for managers to understand and
apply.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Md Imamul Hasan Arif
MSS in GGW (DU), B.Sc. in Nursing (SUST).
Imamulhasan6300@gmail.com
01713636300.
1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for Human survival, e.g. air,
food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.
If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow
considered physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become
secondary until these needs are met.
2. Safety Needs
Needs that provide a person with a sense of security, well-being, and freedom from physical
and emotional harm:
Living in a safe area
Medical insurance
Job security
Financial reserves
Good health
Protection from harm.
3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been
fulfilled; the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness.
The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior
Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving
affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
4. Esteem Needs
After a person feels that they belong, the urge to attain a degree of important emerges.
Esteem needs can be categorized as external or internal motivators. Esteem needs are the
need for self-esteem and respect and may include:
External Motivator
Recognition
Attention
Social Status
Internal Motivator
Accomplishment
Self-Respect
5. Self-Actualization
The quest of reaching one’s full potential as a person leads to the summit of Maslow’s
motivation theory. Unlike lower level needs, this need is never fully satisfied; as one grows
psychologically, there are always new opportunities to grow. Self-actualized people tend to
have motivators such as:
Truth, Justice, Wisdom , Meaning
Self-actualized people have frequent occurrences of peak experiences, which are
energized moments of profound happiness and harmony.
Md Imamul Hasan Arif
MSS in GGW (DU), B.Sc. in Nursing (SUST).
Imamulhasan6300@gmail.com
01713636300.
Deficiency needs vs. growth needs
This five-stage model can be divided into deficiency needs and growth needs. The first four
levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), and the top level is known as growth
or being needs (B-needs).
Deficiency needs arise due to deprivation and are said to motivate people when they are unmet.
Also, the motivation to fulfill such needs will become stronger the longer the duration they are
denied. For example, the longer a person goes without food, the more hungry they will become.
Maslow (1943) initially stated that individuals must satisfy lower level deficit needs before
progressing on to meet higher level growth needs. However, he later clarified that satisfaction of
a needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon, admitting that his earlier statements may have given
“the false impression that a need must be satisfied 100 percent before the next need emerges”
