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12F675 Tutorial 3 : PIC Serial Port

74HC595 I/O Expander
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MIPI I3C speci cation - For mobile, IOT, & automotive
Hitachi HD44780
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Logic Level Here you can find out how to add a PIC Serial Port circuit to the 12F675
MIPIConverter
I3C is an advanced bus interface for connecting sensors to an application processor. mipi.org
microcontroller tutorial circuit (you can use it on any other PIC devices, even a
DigitalWrite
16F84 as it uses a software implementation of the transmit part of a USART).
x
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Digital download eBooks

Jump to Soft USART Transmit.
Jump to Solderless breadboard.
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Serial LCD Jump to I/O Usage summary.

Jump to Setting OSCCAL. Search Site...
LCD Keypad
Jump to Recovering lost calibration.
Frequency Counter LCD Visit our Facebook Page:
The 12F675 does not have a built in USART that you can use for a PIC serial port To Visit Click Here
Frequency Counter 7seg
so you have to use a software USART which you can download from this page.
DS1307 Clock
Adding a pic serial port connection to the circuit gives you scope for much more
Binary Clock 8x8 matrix
interesting projects as you can collect data from the ADC (inputs) or comparator Recent Articles
Infrared Receiver or external infrared receiver module etc. and transmit it to a PC.
A PIC 12F675 tutorial.
Arduino String:
This tutorial covers creating the software Transmitter (TX) part of the USART as How to read
LCD Volt Meter commands
this is the most useful part of a USART and you don't really need the receiver
PIC Sonar unless you want to control the microcontroller via a serial terminal such as Tera from the serial
Term. port.
PIC Projects
For Arduino string
Project Ideas Note: The previous two tutorial pages indirectly cover the most important job in using
operations you can
microcontrollers i.e. input and output. Here's a summary of I/O port usage:
Interfaces use Object Class
Strings or C style
SPI Interface MIPI I3C strings but which
I2C Interface speci cation should you use? Also
mipi.org find out how to
PIC Resources decode commands
For mobile, IOT, & automotive
and control variables
PIC Introduction MIPI I3C is an advanced bus
in your programs
interface for connecting sensors
PIC ICSP to an application processor. using strings.

Programmer Types Read more

OPEN
Resources
A Real Time
Tips & Techniques Clock design
PIC Tutorials
(DS1307) with
Sidebar
a PIC
Microcontroller Blog microcontroller
Site map I/O Port usage summary PORT register: TRISIO - The port direction register.
Real Time Clock
Design (FREE): A Free
Other You can reset bits (low) to define port pins as outputs.
and Complete RTC
You can set bits (high) to define port pins as inputs.
Articles design using the
DS1307 and a PIC
Books PORT register : GPIO - The input/output register.
micro (16F88) also
re-targetable. This
You write to this register to set output pins high or low.
PIC project uses an
You read from this register to read the current value input pins.
I2C Clock chip and 7-
segment display to
All of these actions were used in the previous two tutorial pages and the all work using
create a fou…
bit values:
Read more
TRISIO = 0x01; sets bit 0 of TRISIO all the rest zero.
TRISIO = 0x04; sets bit 2 of TRISIO all the rest zero.
GPIO = 0x01; sets bit 0 of GPIO all the rest zero. How to use the
25 GPIO = 0x04; sets bit 2 of GPIO all the rest zero. ADXL345 for
Male
movement
Note: In other PIC devices ports are labeled alphabetically and they do not use the sensing and
GPIO name instead they use the text 'PORT'. So the first port is labeled PORTA the more.
No next PORTB etc. Corresponding port direction registers are TRISA and TRISB. You can
use them in exactly the same way as GPIO and TRISIO.

Rs. 547

PIC Serial Port : Software TX part

The code for the TX part of the USART is simplified in that it generates 10 bits of serial
data with no parity bit. With the ADXL345
acellerometer you can
The basic PIC Serial port configuration for the TX software is: detect up to 16g! You
can also find out how
to use it for tap
Bits per second (BAUD) 2400 detection and more.

Number of bits 8 Read more

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Parity None
Stop bits 1 Arduino
Flow control None Interrupt :
There are Some
You May Never
Note: To review how the RS232 pic serial port works click here. Have Heard
About!
Since each bit takes 1/2400 seconds the total time to transmit a digit is 4.16ms.
Arduino Interrupt
Tutorial: Find out how
Note: The bit timing won't be exact as the PIC chip runs at 4MHz but it will be good
many external there
enough for bench top use.
are on an Arduino
Uno - The answer is
Circuit more than two!

The circuit uses the standard MAX232 level translator chip but you could use an Read more
SP202ECP which has identical pin out (and is cheaper!) and lets you use 100nF
capacitors instead of electrolytic ones. You can also use USB to RS232 or USB to
Serial Digital converters and with these you don't even need the MAX232 level
Easy Switch
converter everything is done at 5V (or 3V3)..
Debounce

Connect the ground and transmit output to a serial port connector as shown and
to a serial cable from it to the PC and it's ready to go.

For setting up Tera Term click here.

Switch debounce:
Solderless breadboard Three different ways
to debounce input
Add the MAX232 Chip and capacitors.
push switches with
one amazing method
that you can't miss.

Read more

How to use the

ADS1115

A tutorial on using the

ADS1115 precision 16
bit ADC for low power
use.

Read more

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12F675 pinouts - Anon

25

Other views: Male

No

Rs. 547

Software

MIPI I3C speci cation

For mobile, IOT, & automotive report this ad
MIPI I3C is an advanced bus interface for
connecting sensors to an application
processor.
mipi.org

OPEN

Source code files :

To get the file software project files and c source code click here.

PIC Serial Port Operation

The code flashes the LED 3 times then repeats a message to the serial port.

The following code is part of the pic serial port transmitter:

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void _Soft_USART_Write(unsigned short chr) {
unsigned short mask=1,i;
unsigned int txdata;

txdata = chr << 1;

txdata &= ~0x0001; // START bit (=0).

// 10 output bits
for (i=0;i<9;i++) { // lsb 1st 8 bits
if (mask & txdata) {
asm {CLRW}
SU_set; // output low for logic 1
} else {
SU_res;// output high for logic 0
asm {CLRW}
}
mask <<=1;
delay_us(395); // 2400 simulate to calibrate the loop.
}

SU_set; // stop bit

delay_us(417); // 2400
}

The character to transmit is shifted left one bit into the data variable which acts a
serial shift register.

Using 'data' in this way lets the routine evaluate in a constant time without
having to check an index to do a different action so for higher (more critical)
speeds it works better.

The stop bit (10th bit) is a delay with the output set high.

Note: You need to calibrate the loop by timing from SU_Set to the next SU_set
or SU_res if you change the baud rate.

Note: The advantage of using the hard coded timing is that the routine only takes
up about 90 words.

PIC Serial Port: OSCCAL

The project relies on the accuracy of the oscillator to accurately generate the bit timings
for the USART and for this you need to set the OSCCAL value.

If you don't need an accurate clock then the part will still work without using the
OCSCAL value - it will just be inaccurate.

MIPI I3C speci cation

For mobile, IOT, & automotive
MIPI I3C is an advanced bus interface for
connecting sensors to an application
processor.
mipi.org

OPEN

Note: The factory setting of the oscillator is 1% which is good enough. So if you
have not overwritten it (easily done) then don't change it.

How to set the OCSCAL value

The OCSCAL value is located at the end of memory in normal Flash programming
memory space - This is a problem since it can be easily overwritten by accident. MPLAB
X protects this memory location so it tries not to overwrite it. Inevitably though, if a
programming action is interrupted then this value can become corrupted. In that case
you need to be able to program it back and this is super difficult!

You can either create a simple assembler file with the following sort of code:

org 0x3ff

Replay

retlw xx ;xx should be the value of your OSCCAL

...or use an existing hex output file from a C project.

Note: It is not worth trying to code the value into the C source as it will use a non-
standard method of programming.

Alternatively download winpic800 (look online to download it) and set the device to
12F675, load up the hex file and go to the memory location in winpic800 and type in
the last location the value 34 followed by the CAL value you have previously stored.
Save the file.

Using MPLAB X to program the OSCCAL value

This works for 12F675 and 12F629

Note: If you have lost the value see section below.

1.
After setting the CAL value into the hex file (as above).
2.
Create a pre-built project with your device (12F675).
3.
In MPLAB X Select Menu File-->Project Properties.
4.
Click your programmer (mine is PICkit3).
5.
In the top dropdown box select: Program Options.
6.
Tick the check the box labeled "Program calibration memory".
7.
Now program the device as usual.
8.
Read back the hex data (use MPLAB X upload)
9.
Then view program memory Menu: Window-->Pic Memory Views--
>Program Memory.
10. Scroll to bottom and check the CAL value at the last location.
11. Now go back to the project Options and turn off "Program calibration
memory" which will now be protected (until you lose it again!).

Re Check it has worked

You can check it worked by re-building the original hex file (so the manually
inserted CAL value is lost). Re-program this new hex into the PIC. Then upload
the hex data. View memory as above and scroll to bottom - the new CAL value
will be there.

OSCCAL settings
This register changes the oscillation frequency when you write to it

Maximum frequency 0xFF

Middle frequency 0x80

Minimum frequency 0x00

Only the upper six bits are used as the calibration bits so values must be different
by 4 to change to the next OSCCAL setting e.g. values 32,33,34 and 35 would
give the same frequency setting.

Microchip calibrates the 12F675 microcontroller and places a calibration value at

address 0x3FF. This is a RETLW instruction that returns a value when CALLed this
is the value to use in the OSCCAL register.

Important
You have to write and use a routine to set the register OSCAL with the stored
value : It is not done automatically for you!

Note: You have to use the following assembler code:

The code the data sheet suggests you use to set the calibration value into the
OSCCAL register is :

bsf STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 1

call 0x3ff ; Get the cal value
movwf OSCCAL ; Calibrate
bcf STATUS, RP0 ; Bank 0

All this does is call the location that contains the RETLW value which then returns the
calibration value. This assembler code is packaged into the get_set_osc_cal() routine
and does the OSCCAL setting for you.

Note: If the value stored at location 0x3ff is zero the oscillator may not work so -don't
call this function if the CAL value is corrupted.

Recovering lost calibration

If you loose the calibration value then you'll need to re-calibrate - the best way is
to set the internal clock at an output pin (Fosc/4) using the chip settings so you
will be looking for 1MHz at the clock out pin.

Use a frequency counter to measure the output (you can find a project on this
site here). Change the OSCCAL value until you find the one closest to 1MHz.

To get the value back into the 12F675 use ICPROG and put the hex code RETLW
instruction at address 0x3FF. The first byte of the instruction is 0x34 and the
second is the value returned so for a calibration value of 0x20 you would put:

0x3420 at address 0x3FF

Re-program the chip.

Note: See the tip for storing the calibration value so you will never forget it or
loose it again.

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Chisanga Mumba
I can't download it.
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Abu Hassan
THANKS I ENYOY YOUR TUTORIAL
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Prashant Chavan
wow
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Kalaiselvan Kaliyaperumal
nice concept
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Tanbir Ahammed
thanks
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