Conditions of an Armistice with Germany

Source: The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 13, No. 2, Supplement: Official
Documents (Apr., 1919), pp. 97-108
Published by: American Society of International Law
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 CONDITIONS OF AN ARMISTICE WITH GERMANY.'

SignedNovember11, 1918.
(Translation.)
BETWEEN Marshal Foch, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied
Armies, acting on behalf of the Allied and Associated Powers, in
conjunctionwith Admiral Wemyss,First Sea Lord, of the one part;
and Secretaryof State Erzberger,President of the German Delega-
tion, Envoy Extraordinaryand MinisterPlenipotentiaryCount von
Oberndorff,Major-Generalvon Winterfeldt,Captain Vanselow (Ger-
man Navy), furnishedwith full powers in due formand acting with
the approval of the German Chancellor,of the other part;
An Armisticehas been concluded on the followingconditions:-

CONDITIONS OF THE ARMISTICE CONCLUDED WITH GERMANY.

(A.) On theWesternFront.
1. Cessation of hostilitieson land and in the air six hours after
the signatureof the Armistice.
2. Immediate evacuation of the invaded countries:-Belgium,
France, Luxemburg,as well as Alsace-Lorraine,so ordered as to be
completedwithin fifteendays fromthe signature of the Armistice.
German troops which have not evacuated the above-mentionedterri-
tories within the period fixedwill be made prisonersof war. Joint
occupation by the Allied and United States forces shall keep pace
with evacuation in these areas. All movementsof evacuation or oc-
cupation shall be regulated in accordance with a Note (Annexe No.
1), drawn up at the time of signatureof the Armistice.
3. Repatriation,beginningat once, to be completedwithinfifteen
days, of all inhabitantsof the countriesabove enumerated(including
hostages,persons under trial, or convicted).
'Miscellaneous Parliamentary Publications, No. 25 (1918).
97

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98 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

4. Surrenderin good conditionby the Germanarmiesof the

following war material.-
5,000guns(2,500heavy,2,500field).
25,000machine-guns.
3,000trenchmortars.
1,700 fighting and bombingaeroplanes-in the firstplace, all
D 7's and all night-bombing aeroplanes.
The aboveto be deliveredin situ to theAlliedand UnitedStates
troopsin accordance withthedetailedconditions laid downin Annexe
1, drawnup at thetimeofsignatureoftheArmistice.
5. Evacuationby theGermanarmiesof theterritories on theleft
bank of the Rhine. Theseterritories on theleftbank of the Rhine
shall be administered by the local authoritiesunderthe controlof
the Allied and UnitedStatesarmiesof occupation.The occupation
of theseterritories shall be carriedout by Allied and UnitedStates
garrisonsholdingthe principalcrossingsof the Rhine (Mainz, Co-
blenz,Cologne),together withbridgeheads, at thesepoints,of a 30
kilometre radiuson the rightbank,and by garrisonssimilarlyhold-
ing the strategicpointsof each area. A neutralzone shall be re-
servedon the rightbankof the Rhinebetweenthe riverand a line
drawnparallelto thebridgeheads and to theriver,and at a distance
of 10 kilometres fromthe Dutch to the Swiss frontier.Evacuation
by the enemyof the Rhineland(left and rightbanks), shall be so
orderedas to be completed withina furtherperiodof sixteendays-
thirty-one daysin all afterthesignatureoftheArmistice.All move-
mentsof evacuationand occupationshall be regulatedaccordingto
Annexe1, drawnup at thetimeof signatureof theArmistice.
6. In all theterritories evacuatedby the enemythereshallbe no
evacuationof inhabitants;no damageor detriment shall be done to
thepersonsor property oftheinhabitants.No personshallbe prose-
cutedfor participation in militarymeasurespriorto the signature
oftheArmistice.No destruction of anykindto be committed.Mili-
taryestablishments of all kindsshall be handedoverintact,as well
as militarystores,food,munitions and equipmentnot removeddur-
ing theperiodsfixedforevacuation. Storesof foodof all kindsfor
the civilpopulation,cattle,&c., shallbe leftinqsitu. No measureof
a generalor official charactershall be adoptedwhichmay resultin
a depreciation of industrialestablishments or in a reductionof their
personnel.

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 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 99

7. Roads and meansof communication of everykind,railroads,

waterways, main roads,bridges, telegraphs and telephonesshall be
in no waydamaged. All civiland military personnel at presentem-
ployedon themshall be maintained. 5,000 locomotives and 150,000
wagonsin goodrunning order, and provided with all necessaryspare
partsand fittings, shallbe deliveredto theAssociated Powers within
the periodfixedby AnnexeNo. 2, whichshall not exceedthirty-one
days. 5,000motorlorriesin goodrunningordershallalso be handed
overwithinthirty-six days.
The railwaysof Alsace-Lorraine shall be handed over within
thirty-one days,togetherwithall personneland materialbelonging
directlyto theselines. Further,materialnecessaryforthe working
of railwaysin theterritories on the leftbankof the Rhineshall be
leftin situ. All storesof coal and materialforupkeepof permanent
way,signals,and repair-shops, shall be left in situ and maintained
by Germanyas far as theworkingof theselines on theleftbankof
the Rhineis concerned.All bargestakenfromthe Allies shall be
restoredto them. The noteappendedas AnnexeNo. 1 regulatesall
detailsunderthishead.
8. The GermanCommandshall be boundto disclose,within48
hoursafterthesignatureof the Armistice, all minesor delayaction
apparatusdisposedon theterritory evacuatedby theGermantroops,
and shall assist in theirdiscoveryand destruction.The German
Commandshall also discloseall harmfulmeasuresthat may have
been taken (such as poisoningor pollutionof springs,wells,&c.).
All theforegoing underpenaltyof reprisals.
9. The rightof requisitionshall be exercisedby the Allied and
UnitedStates Armiesin all occupiedterritories, settlement of ac-
countswiththe personsconcerned beingprovidedfor. The mainte-
nanceofthetroopsofoccupation in theRhineland(excludingAlsace-
Lorraine)shall be defrayedby the GermanGovernment.
10. Immediaterepatriation, withoutreciprocity, of all Alliedand
UnitedStatesprisonersof war (includingthoseundertrial or con-
victed),accordingto detailedconditions whichshall be fixed. The
AlliedPowersand theUnitedStatesshall disposeof theseprisoners
as theythinkfit. This conditioncancelspreviousagreements on the
subjectof theexchangeof prisonersof war,includingtheagreement
of July,1918,in courseof ratification.The repatriation of German
prisonersinternedin Holland and in Switzerlandshall, however,

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100 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

continueas before. The repatriation of Germanprisonersshall be

settledupon the conclusionof the peace preliminaries.
11. Sick and woundedwho cannotbe removedfromterritory
evacuatedby the Germanarmiesshall be caredforby Germanper-
sonnel,to be lefton thespotwiththematerialrequired.

(B.)-Clauses relatingto theEasternFrontiersof Germany.

12. All Germantroopsat presentin any territory whichbefore
the war belongedto Austria-Hungary, Roumania,or Turkey,must
at oncewithdraw withinthefrontiers of Germany as theseexistedon
August1, 1914. All Germantroopsat presentin territories which
beforethewar formed part of Russia shalllikewise withdraw within
theGermanfrontiers as abovedefined, as soonas theAlliesshallcon-
siderthisdesirable,havingregardto theinteriorconditions of those
territories.
13. Evacuationby Germantroopsto beginat once,and all Ger-
maninstructors, prisoners, and civilianor militaryagentsnowwithin
Russianterritory (as definedon August1, 1914), to be recalled.
14. Germantroopsto cease at once all requisitions, seizures,or
coercivemeasuresfor obtainingsuppliesintendedfor Germanyin
Roumaniaand Russia (accordingto frontiers existingon August1,
1914).
15. Annulment oftheTreatiesofBucharestand Brest-Litovsk and
of supplementary treaties.
16. The Allies shall have freeaccessto the territoriesevacuated
bytheGermanson theirEasternfrontier, eithervia Danzigor by the
Vistula,in orderto revictualthe populationsof thoseterritories or
to maintainorder.
(C.)-In East Africa.
17. Evacuationof all Germanforcesoperatingin East Africa
withina periodfixedby theAllies.

(D.)-General Clauses.
18. Repatriation withina maximum periodof one month,without
reciprocity, in accordancewith detailedconditionshereafterto be
fixed,of all internedcivilians,includinghostages,and personsunder

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 OFFICLAL DOCUMENTS 101

trialor convicted, whomaybe nationalsof the Allied or Associated

Statesotherthanthosementioned in clause3.
19. Financial Clauses.-With the reservationthat any future
claimsand demandsof theAlliesand UnitedStatesshall remainun-
affected,thefollowing financialconditions
are required:-
Reparationfordamagedone.
Whilethe Armisticelasts,no public securitiesshall be removed
by the enemywhichcan serveas a guaranteeto the Allies for the
recovery of reparationforwar losses.
Immediaterestitution of cash depositsin the NationalBank of
Belgium,and, in general,immediate returnof all documents,
specie,
and securitiesof everykind (together withplantfortheissuethere-
of) affectingpublicor privateinterestsin the invadedcountries.
Restitution of the Russianand Roumaniangold removedby the
Germansor handedoverto them. This goldto be deliveredin trust
to theAlliesuntilthe signatureof peace.

(E.)-Naval Conditions.
20. Immediatecessationof all hostilities at sea, and definite in-
formation to be givenas to thelocationand movements of all German
ships. Notificationto be givento Neutralsthat freedomof naviga-
tionin all territorial
watersis givento thenaval and mercantile ma-
rinesof theAlliedand AssociatedPowers,all questionsof neutrality
beingwaived.
21. Release,withoutreciprocity, of all prisonersof war in Ger-
man hands belongingto the navies and mercantilemarinesof the
Alliedand AssociatedPowers.
22. Surrenderto the Allies and theUnitedStatesof all existing
submarines(includingall submarine cruisersand mine-layers) with
armament and equipmentcomplete,in portsspecified by the Allies
and theUnitedStates. Thosewhichcannotput to sea shallbe paid
offand disarmed, and shallremainunderthesupervision oftheAllies
and oftheUnitedStates. Submarines whichare readyto put to sea
shall be preparedto leave Germanportsas soon as ordersare re-
ceivedby wirelessforthemto proceedto theportof surrender, and
therestshallfollowas soonas possible. The conditions ofthisclause
shall be fulfilledwithinfourteendays afterthe signatureof the
Armistice.

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102 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

23. The following Germansurfacewarships, whichshallbe desig-

nated by the Allies and the UnitedStates,shall forthwith be dis-
armedand thereafter internedin neutralports,or, failingthese,in
Allied ports designatedby the Allies and the United States,and
thereplaced under the supervisionof the Allies and the United
States,onlyguardsbeinglefton board,namely:-
6 battlecruisers.
10 battleships.
8 lightcruisers, includingtwomine-layers.
50 destroyers ofthemostmoderntypes.
All othersurfacewarships(includingrivercraft) shall be con-
centratedin Germannaval basesto be designatedby the Allies and
the UnitedStates,completely disarmed,and thereplaced underthe
supervision of the Allies and the UnitedStates. All vesselsof the
auxiliaryfleetshallbe disarmed.All vesselsselectedforinternment
shall be readyto leave Germanportssevendays afterthe signature
of thearmistice.Sailingordersshallbe givenby wireless.
24. The Alliesand theUnitedStatesshallhavetherightto sweep
all mine-fields and destroyall obstructions laid by Germanyoutside
Germanterritorial waters. The positionof suchmine-fields and ob-
structions is to be indicated.
25. Freedomof accessto and egressfromthe Baltic to be given
to the naval and mercantilemarinesof the Allied and Associated
Powers;to securethisthe Allies and the UnitedStatesshall be em-
poweredto occupyall Germanforts,fortifications, batteries,
and de-
fenseworksof all kindsin all the channelsfromthe Cattegatinto
theBaltic,and to sweepand destroy all minesand obstructions
within
and withoutGermanterritorialwaters. The plans and exact po-
sitionsoftheaboveshallbe furnished by Germany, whomaynotraise
anyquestionofneutrality.
26. The existingblockadeconditions setup by theAlliedand As-
sociatedPowersshall remainunchanged,and all Germanmerchant
shipsmetat sea shall remainliable to capture. The Allies and the
UnitedStatescontemplate the provisioningof Germany, duringthe
armistice, to suchextentas shallbe foundnecessary.
27. All aircraftshallbe concentrated and immobilizedin German
basesspecified by the AlliedPowers and the UnitedStates.
28. In evacuatingthe Belgian coast and ports,Germanyshall
leave in situ and intactall harbormaterialand materialforinland

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 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 103

navigation, all merchant craft,tugs,and barges;all naval aircraft,

equipment, and stores,togetherwithall armament, equipment,and
storesof everydescription.
29. All Black Sea portsare to be evacuatedby Germany;Russian
warshipsof all descriptions seizedby Germanyin the Black Sea are
to be handedoverto the Allies and the UnitedStates; all neutral
merchant shipsseizedare to be released;war and othermaterialof
all kindsseizedin thoseportsare to be returned, and Germanma-
terialas specifiedin clause28 is to be abandoned.
30. All merchantships now in Germanhands belongingto the
Allied and AssociatedPowersshall be restored, withoutreciprocity,
in portsspecified by theAlliesand theUnitedStates.
31. No destruction of shipsor of materialto be permittedbefore
evacuation,surrender, or restoration.
32. The GermanGovernment shall formallynotifyall neutral
Governments, and particularlythe Governments of Norway,Sweden,
Denmark,and Holland,thatall restrictions imposedon the trading
of theirvesselswiththeAlliedand Associatedcountries, whetherby
theGermanGovernment or by privateGermaninterests, and whether
in returnforspecificconcessions, suchas the exportof shipbuilding
materialsor not,are immediately cancelled.
33. No transfersof Germanmerchantshippingof any descrip-
tionto any neutralflagare to take place afterthe signatureof the
Armistice.
(F.)-Duration of theArmistice.
34. The durationof the Armisticeshall be thirty-six days,with
optionto extend.
DuringsuchperiodtheArmistice may,owingto non-execution of
any of the above clauses,be denouncedby one of the contracting
hours' noticeof its intentionto
parties,who shall give forty-eight
thateffect.It is agreedthatthe Armisticeshall not be denounced
executionof thestipulations
owingto non-sufficient of clauses3 and
18 withinthe time-limitsspecified,
except in the case of intentional
in
negligence execution. To insure the adequate fulfilment of the
presentagreement, theprincipleofa Permanelnt InternationalArmis-
tice Commissionis admitted.This Commission shall workunderthe
highauthority of the militaryand naval Command-in-Chief of the
Alliedforces.

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104 THE AMERICANJOURNALOF INTERNATIONALLAW

1918,at 5 A.M.
was signedon the 11thNovember,
This Armistice
(Frenchtime).
(Signed)
F. FOCH. ERZBERGER.
R. E. WEMYSS. OBERNDORFF.
WINTERFELDT.
VANSELOW.
Addendum.
The Allied Representatives
declarethat,owingto recentevents,
it appears necessaryto themthat the followingconditionshould be
added to theclausesof the armistice:
"In theeventof theGermanvesselsnotbeinghandedoverwithin
theAlliedand UnitedStatesGovernments
theperiodsspecified, shall
have the rightto occupyHeligolandso as to insurethe surrender
of thevessels."
(Signed)
R. E. WEMYSS,Admiral. F. FOCH.
The Germandelegatesstatethattheywill transmitthisdeclara-
tion to the GermanChancellor,with the recommendation that it
should be accepted,togetherwiththe reasonsupon whichthis demand
on thepartoftheAlliesis based.
(Signed) ERZBERGER.
WINTERFELDT.
OBERNDORFF.
VANSELOW.
(Translation.)
No. 1.
ANNEX
I.-The Evacuationof theInvaded Territories of Belgium,France,
and Luxemburg, as weltas of Alsace-Lorraine,
Shall be carriedoutin threesuccessivestagesunderthefollowing
conditions:-
1stStage.-Evacuationoftheterritory situatedbetweenthepres-
ent frontand line No. 1 as shownon the attachedmap,to be com-
pletedwithinfivedaysafterthesignature ofthearmistice.
2d Stage.-Evacuationoftheterritory situatedbetweenlineNo. 1

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 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 105

and line No. 2, to be completed

withinfourfurtherdays (nine days
in all afterthesignatureof thearmistice).
3d Stage.-Evacuationof the territory situatedbetweenline No.
2 and line No. 3, to be completedwithinsix furtherdays (fifteen
daysin all afterthe signatureof the armistice).
Troopsof the Allies and of the UnitedStates shall enterthese
differentzoneson theexpirationoftheperiodsallowedto theGerman
troopsfortheirevacuation.ThusthepresentGermanfrontline will
be crossedby the Allied troopsas fromthe sixthday following the
signatureofthearmistice, lineNo. 1 as fromthetenthday,and line
No. 2 as fromthe sixteenth day.

II.-Evacuation of the RhineLands.

This evacuationshall also be carriedout in severalsuccessive
stages,viz.:
1st Stage.-Evacuationof the territories situatedbetweenline 2,
line 3, and line 4 to be completedwithinfourfurther days (nineteen
daysin all afterthesignatureof thearmistice).
2d Stage.-Evacuationoftheterritory situatedbetweenline4 and
line 5 to be completed withinfourfurtherdays (twenty-three days
in all afterthesignatureofthearmistice).
3d Stage.-Evacuation of the territory situatedbetweenline 5
and line 6 (line of the Rhine) to be completedwithinfourfurther
days (twenty-seven daysin all afterthe signatureof the armistice).
4th Stage.-Evacuation of the bridgeheadsand of the neutral
zone on the rightbank of the Rhineto be completedwithinfour
further days (thirty-one daysin all afterthesignatureof thearmis-
tice).
The armiesofoccupationoftheAlliesand theUnitedStatesshall
enterthesedifferent zoneson the expirationof theperiodallowedto
the Germantroopsforthe evacuationof each zone; thusline No. 3
shall be crossedby themas fromthe twentieth day followingthe
signatureof the Armistice;line No. 4 shall be crossedby themas
fromthetwenty-fourth day following thesignatureof theArmistice;
line No. 5 as fromthetwenty-eighth day; and line No. 6 (Rhine) as
fromthethirty-second day,forthe occupationof thebridgeheads.

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106 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

III.-Surrender by the GermanArmiesof the War Materialfixed

by theArmistice
Conditions.
This war material shall be handed over in the followingmanner:
The firsthalf beforethe tenthday, the second half beforethe twenti-
eth day. This materialshall be handed overto each Allied and United
States Army by each tactical group of the German army in propor-
tions to be laid down by the Permanent ArmisticeCommission.

(Translation.)

ANNEX No. 2.
Conditionsrelatingto the meansof Communication (railways,
waterways, roads,riverharbors,seaports,telegraphs
and telephones).
1. All means of communicationup to and including the Rhine,
or included on the right bank of that river within the bridgeheads
occupied by the Allied armies, shall be placed under the full and
complete control of the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies,
who shall have the right to take any steps which he may judge
necessary in order to insure their occupation and use. All docu-
mentsrelatingto the means of communicationshall be held in readi-
ness to be deliveredto him.
2. All the materialand all civil and militarypersonnelat present
employedforthe upkeep and use of the means of communicationwill
be maintainedin toto on these communicationsthroughoutthe terri-
tory evacuated by the German troops.
Any additional material necessary for the maintenanceof these
lines of communicationin the territorieson the left bank of the
Rhine shall be furnishedby t-heGerman Governmentthroughoutthe
durationof the armistice.
3. Personnel.-The French and Belgian personnel belonging to
the communicationservices,whetherinternedor not,shall be returned
to the French or Belgian Armies withinfifteendays of the signature
of the Armistice. The personnel directly employed on the Alsace-
Lorraine railway system shall be retained or shall return to their
posts in order to keep these railways running.
The Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armiesshall have the right

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 OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 107

to changeor replaceany of thepersonnelof thecommunication

serv-
ices as he maythinkfit.
4. Material:-
(a) Rolling-Stock.-Therolling-stock handedover to the Allied
Armiesin thezonebetweenthefrontline and line No. 3 (not includ-
ing Alsace-Lorraine) shall amountto at least 5,000locomotives and
150,000wagons. Deliveryof this rolling-stock shall be carriedout
withintheperiodsfixedby clause7 of theArmistice, and underthe
detailed conditionsto be settledby the PermanentInternational
Armistice Commission.
All this rolling-stockshall be in a good state of repair and in
runningorder,and providedwithall usual sparepartsor accessories.
It shall be used (withits ownor any otherpersonnel)at any point
of therailwaysystemof theAlliedArmies.
The rolling-stockdirectlyemployedon the railwaysof Alsace-
Lorraineshallbe retainedin situor returned to theFrenchArmy.
The materialto be leftin situ in the territorieson the leftbank
oftheRhine,as wellas withinthebridgeheads, mustallowof normal
trafficbeingmaintained on thelinesin theseareas.
(b) Permanent-way, Signals,and WorkshopPlant.-The signal-
ing apparatus,machinery and toolsremovedfromtheworkshops and
dep6tsof the Frenchand Belgianrailwaysshall be replacedin ac-
cordancewithdetailedconditions to be settledby the Permanent In-
ternationalArmisticeCommission.The permanent-way material,
rails,appurtenances, apparatus,bridgingmaterial,and timberneces-
saryforrepairingthedestroyed linesbeyondthe presentfrontshall
be suppliedto theAlliedArmies.
(c) Fuel and Materialsfor Upkeep.-Duringthe periodof the
Armistice, fuel and materialsfor upkeep shall be suppliedby the
GermanGovernment to thedepotsnormally servingthetraffic in the
territorieson theleftbankof theRhine.
5. Telegraphicand TelephonicCommunications. -All telegraph
and telephonelines and fixedwirelessstationsshall be surrendered
to theAlliedArmieswithall theciviland military personneland all
equipment,including all storesexisting the left bank of the
on
Rhine.
All additionalstoresnecessaryforthemaintenance of traffic
shall
be suppliedby the GermanGovernment duringthe periodof the
Armistice, as and whenrequired.

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108 THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

The Commander-in-Chief of theAlliedArmiesshall assumemili-

tary controlof this system,guaranteeits organization,and replace
or changeany of thepersonnelas he maythinkfit.
He shall returnto the GermanArmyall the militarypersonnel
whichhe doesnotconsidernecessary fortheworking and maintenance
of the system.
All plans of theGermantelegraphand telephonesystems shallbe
handedoverto the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies.

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