CSS, PMS, NTS, FIA, PPSC, BPSC, KPSC, FPSC, IB Antarctica • Antarctica is the southernmost continent on Earth. • The total surface area is about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square km). • Antarctica is the least populated continent. • The number of residents varies from around 1100 in the harsh Antarctica winter to around 4400 in the milder summer months of October to February, plus an additional staff of 1,000 in the nearby waters. • Antarctica is an ice_ covered continent surrounded by the Southern Ocean. • Antarctica is an icy desert. • Antarctica has the highest average elevation of all continents. • The highest mountain on Antarctica is Mount Vinson. • Antarctica contains more than 90% of world ice. • Antarctica contains more than 90% of our planet’s fresh water. • British explorer James Cook and his crew crossed the Antarctica Circle for the first time in 1773. • Norwegian Explorer Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole in 1911. • British polar explorer Ernest Shackleton undertook three Antarctica explorations and was the first to cross South Georgia in Antarctica in 1916. • The Antarctic treaty was signed by 12 countries on December 01, 1959 (Argentina, Chile, Australia, Belgium, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, United Kingdom, United States and USSR). • 7 Countries have territories in Antarctica (France UK New Zealand Norway Australia Chile and Argentina). 03061914980 Lincoln’s Inn Css Academy Do you know ___? • The continent is divided into East Antarctica (which is largely composed of a high ice _ covered plateau) and West Antarctica (which is largely an ice sheet covering an archipelago of mountains islands).