CHAPTER 3

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Autotroph

LESSON
LEARNING Structure of the chloroplast

O U T C O M E S
Photosynthetic pigments

Light Dependent Reaction

 Photosystem
 Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation
 Cyclic Photophosphorylation
 Chemiosmosis
 TYPES OF LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION

Non Cyclic Cyclic

01 02
Photophosphorylation Photophosphorylation

45%
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION

01 02
Overview of Light STROMA
Reaction (low H+ concentration) Cytochrome NADP+
complex Photosystem I reductase
- Involve photosystem II & Photosystem II
Light
I Light 4 H+
NADP+ + H+
Fd
- Occur in thylakoid
membrane Pq
NADPH
Pc
H2O 45%
1/
2
O2
THYLAKOID SPACE +2 H+ 4 H+
(high H+ concentration)
To
Calvin
Cycle

Thylakoid
membrane ATP
synthase
ADP
+ ATP
STROMA
Pi
(low H+ concentration) 4 H+
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
Schematic diagram of
01 02 noncyclic
photophosphorylation

45%

5
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
STROMA
O2 Electron Transport Chain NADP+ NADPH
H2O 3
Cytochrome Electron Transport
1
Photon complex Photon Chain
e- 6
5
4 7 8 NADP
e- Primary
Reductase
Primary
electron electron
acceptor e- Pq acceptor e-
Fd
e- e- e-
2
e- Pc

e-
P680 P700

Photosystem II Photosystem I
H+

ATP
THYLAKOID SPACE
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION

1. A photon hits a pigment and its energy is passed among pigment

molecules until it excites the reaction center complex Photosystem II,
P680.

2. An excited electron from P680 is transferred to the primary electron

acceptor. P68O oxidized to P680+ .

3. H2O is split by enzymes, and the electrons from H2O are transferred
from the hydrogen atoms to P680+, thus reducing it back to P680 .
(P680+ + e-  P680)
O2 is released as a by- product of this reaction.
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
4. Each electron “falls” down an electron transport chain from the primary
electron acceptor of PS II to Pq (plastoquinon) and then to cytochrome
complex, next to Pc (plastocyanin) and eventually to reaction center
complex of PSI, P700.

5. Energy released by the fall of electron, drives the creation of a proton

concentration gradient across the thylakoid membrane. Diffusion of H+
(protons) across the membrane drives ATP synthesis.

6. In PS I (like PS II), transferred light energy excites P700, which loses an

electron to primary electron acceptor P700+. P700+ that is missing an
electron accepts an electron passed down from PS II via the electron
transport chain and reduced back to P700.
 NON CYCLIC
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
7. Each electron “falls” down an electron transport chain from the primary
electron acceptor of PS I to the protein ferredoxin (Fd).

8. The electrons are then transferred to NADP+ and reduce it to NADPH.

The electrons of NADPH are available for the reactions of the Calvin
Cycle.
To be continued…
Thank You