CHAPTER 3

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
 Autotroph

LESSON
LEARNING Structure of the chloroplast

O U T C O M E S
Photosynthetic pigments

Light Dependent Reaction

 Photosystem
 Non Cyclic Photophosphorylation
 Cyclic Photophosphorylation
 Chemiosmosis
 CHEMIOSMOSIS IN LIGHT
DEPENDENT REACTION
STROMA Schematic diagram of
(low H concentration) Cytochrome NADP
Photosystem II
complex Photosystem I reductase
chemiosmosis in light
Light
Light 4 H+
NADP + H
dependent reaction
Fd

Pq
NADPH
Pc
H2O 1/
2 O2
THYLAKOID SPACE 4 H+
(high H concentration) +2 H+

To
Calvin
Cycle

Thylakoid
membrane ATP
synthase
STROMA ADP
ATP
(low H concentration) +
Pi H+
 CHEMIOSMOSIS IN LIGHT
STROMA
DEPENDENT REACTION
Cytochrome
O2 Complex
H2O NADP+ NADPH • H+ diffuse back from thylakoid
3
1 space with high [H+] to stroma
NADP
Reductase with low [H+].
e- Pq e- Fd
e- e- e- • Diffusion of H+ from thylakoid
e- Pc
space back to stroma power ATP
e- synthase and produce ATP.
PSII PSI

H+

THYLAKOID SPACE
HIGH H+ CONCENTRATION

ATP
SYNTHASE

STROMA
LOW H+ CONCENTRATION H+
ADP + Pi ATP
 How Proton concentration gradient
STROMA
created across thylakoid membrane.
01
Cytochrome
O2 Complex
NADP+ NADPH
H2O
3 03
1 02 1. Photolysis – splitting of water
NADP
Reductase produced H+ (light dependent
e- Pq e- Fd
reaction -PSII)
e- e- e-
e- Pc
e- 2. The movement of electron
PSII PSI from cytochrome complex to
H+ Pc.
 Oxidation of cytochrome
THYLAKOID SPACE complex coupled with
HIGH H+ CONCENTRATION pumping of H+ from stroma to
thylakoid space.

3. Formation of NADPH
 H+ is removed from stroma
ATP
SYNTHASE
when it taken up by NADP+.
This will reduce the
STROMA concentration H+ in stroma.
LOW H+ CONCENTRATION H+
ADP + Pi ATP
 Mitochondria and Chloroplast generate ATP by the same
mechanism: Chemiosmosis
01 Mitochondria 02 Chloroplast
Mitochondrion Chloroplast
1. Mitochondria 1. Chloroplast
transfer transform light
chemical energy energy into the
from food to chemical energy of
ATP. ATP.

2. In mitochondria, MITOCHONDRION CHLOROPLAST

STRUCTURE 45%
STRUCTURE 2. In chloroplasts,
protons are H+ Diffusion protons are
pumped into the Intermembrane Thylakoid
space space pumped into the
intermembrane thylakoid space
Electron
space and drive Inner Thylakoid
transport and drive ATP
membrane chain membrane
ATP synthesis synthesis as they
as they diffuse ATP diffuse back into
back into the synthase
the stroma.
Matrix Stroma
mitochondrial Key
matrix. ADP + P
ATP
Higher [H+] H+
Lower [H+]
To be continued…
Thank You