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  • Phototransduction: Retina, Rhodopsin, Cyclic Nucleotides

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    Mega Hayyu Isfiati
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    Phototransduction involves the following key steps: 1) Rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells is activated by light, initiating a signaling cascade. 2) This leads to activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the photoreceptor cell membrane via a G protein and cyclic GMP. 3) The opening of CNG channels allows ions like sodium and calcium to flow into the cell, generating an electrical response and initiating neural signaling to the brain.

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    fototransduksi

    Original Title

    Photo Transduction

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    Phototransduction involves the following key steps: 1) Rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells is activated by light, initiating a signaling cascade. 2) This leads to activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the photoreceptor cell membrane via a G protein and cyclic GMP. 3) The opening of CNG channels allows ions like sodium and calcium to flow into the cell, generating an electrical response and initiating neural signaling to the brain.

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    8 views5 pages

    Phototransduction: Retina, Rhodopsin, Cyclic Nucleotides

    Uploaded by

    Mega Hayyu Isfiati
    Phototransduction involves the following key steps: 1) Rhodopsin in photoreceptor cells is activated by light, initiating a signaling cascade. 2) This leads to activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the photoreceptor cell membrane via a G protein and cyclic GMP. 3) The opening of CNG channels allows ions like sodium and calcium to flow into the cell, generating an electrical response and initiating neural signaling to the brain.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Phototransduction

    •Retina and photoreceptor

    •Rhodopsin

    •Excitation - recovery/adaptation

    •Cyclic nucleotide gated channels

    Eric Niederhoffer
    SIU-SOM
    Retina and Photoreceptor

    http://www.fz-juelich.de/inb/inb-1/Photoreception/ http://www.mardre.com/homepage/mic/tem/samples/bio/ros/rosdiag.html
    Rhodopsin
    O
    11 bathorhodopsin
    H
    12
    lumirhodopsin

    Rhodopsin* metarhodopsin I

    h Metarhodopsin II (t1/2 ~ 60 s)
    11
    Opsin + trans-retinal
    12

    retinol RPE
    O H

    Rhodopsin cis-retinal
    Excitation - Recovery/Adaptation
    hv
    GTP GMP
    GDP
    Ta I
    Tbg Ta GTP CaM
    Ta I CNGC
    Rh GDP GTP
    PDE PDE cGMP Na+
    c-tR cGMP Ca2+

    Rh RPE65 Excitation
    tR cR
    tR Recovery/Adaptation K+
    RK
    Rh Ca2+ Na+
    Rc GC
    tR
    Low cGMP
    [Ca2+] Arr
    Low cGMP
    [Ca2+] cGMP
    GCAP-1
    GTP
    Review Questions

     Which ions and ion channels are used


    for phototransduction?
     Which signal transduction pathway is
    used for phototransduction (enzymes,
    second messenger, receptor)?
     How does phototransduction compare
    with gustation and olfaction?

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