Psych Educ, Document ID: 2022PEMJ0, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.

7197604, ISSN 2822-4353

Research Article

Perceived Effectiveness of Section 8 of RA 11494 to Security

and Well-Being Among Filipino Frontliners

Vener T. Del Valle*, Alfredo T. Del Valle Jr., Helga Marie B. Cabarle
For affiliations and correspondence, see the last page.

Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has definitely had and will continue to have psychological
consequences on healthcare workers, especially frontline workers. This outbreak is being described as
a major global health calamity that has resulted in border closures and local area restrictions all across
the world. Physical isolation and quarantine have become buzzwords in the neighborhood, as well as
in local and international news. Physical separation and quarantine are buzzwords heard not only in
the neighborhood, but also on national and international news. As a result, all medical practitioners
must be present in every hospital worldwide. According to a Pappa (2020) article, WHO Director-
General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated, "No country, hospital, or clinic can keep its
patients safe unless it keeps its health personnel secure." According to the Journal of Public Health,
programs and interventions should be provided to healthcare workers (2020). The goal of this study,
which employs quantitative research, is to determine the effectiveness of Section 8 of RA 11494 in
terms of security and well-being among healthcare professionals (as measured by Filipino
frontliners). 121 people were chosen for this study from a total of 606 people who completed the
survey questionnaire. Respondents were Filipino frontline workers at Ospital ng Biñan and Unihealth
Southwoods Hospital and Medical Center in Biñan City, Laguna. These individuals were chosen
using a basic random sampling method, which ensured that every member of the population had a
chance of being chosen (Bermudo et. al 2010). Gay's descriptive research guidelines dictated that
the sample size be calculated using 20% of the population (2003). The questionnaire contained 48
items and was scored using a four-point Likert Scale. Following the reading of other studies on the
variables. To assess the questionnaire's validity and reliability, the researchers devised clear and
precise questions that were easily understood by the respondents. The questionnaire was validated by
the adviser and a panel of experts comprised of a statistician and three (3) professionals in the field.
Following some changes, the finalized questionnaire was distributed to the target respondents. The
majority of respondents were women in the medical field, between the ages of 18 and 35, and single.
Section 8 of RA 11494, which protects the safety of Filipino frontliners, has been declared effective.
Respondents' level of security was high during the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite numerous lockdowns
and safety precautions and the respondents' sense of well-being was satisfied.
Keywords: Well-being, Security, Covid-19 Pandemic, Filipino Frontliners, RA 11494

Introduction
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has
unmistakably had psychological consequences for
healthcare personnel, with frontline employees being
particularly vulnerable. By safeguarding and
promoting the psychological well-being of healthcare
providers, COVID-19's effects on mental health can be
mitigated. Because healthcare workers are on the front
lines of the COVID-19 outbreak response, they are
exposed to dangers that could infect them. Pathogen
exposure, long working hours, psychological distress,
exhaustion, occupational burnout, stigma, and physical
and psychological abuse are just a few of the dangers
that exist.
The year 2019 seems like an ordinary year for
everyone wherein people in different parts of the world
tend to plan their future like the usual thing that they
do until December of that year became a change gamer
to everyone because of pandemic which we know now
as coronavirus pandemic or COVID-19.
This pandemic is being considered as a serious form of
health crisis on Earth that leads to lockdown of
different nations border down to local areas
restrictions. Physical distancing and quarantine are the
words of mouth that you will hear not only in the
community but even in local and international news.
This situation made the presence of all medical
practitioner important in every hospital all over the
world. According to the article of Pappa (2020), Dr
Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-
General said that, “No country, hospital or clinic can
keep its patients safe unless it keeps its health workers
safe.”

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With that, the role of the government comes in -
provide goods and services to its people. One of
which is the well-being and security to its citizen. The
government acts as the provider of the social
welfare of the mass that will create stability to the life
of the common. In this case, laws created and
implemented by the government become essential
(Slaughter, 2017). As the surge of the COVID-19
virus spread all through out in the Philippines, the
conditions of the
Filipino people most especially our Medical Health
professionals is very alarming due to the negative
situations they experience. In rise, the RA 11494 or
commonly known “To Heal as One Act” were
provided. This law was enacted to respond to the
recovery interventions and to provide mechanisms for
the Philippine economy's recovery and resiliency, as
well as to provide funds for other objectives.
Programs and interventions should be provided to
healthcare workers, according to the Journal of Public
Health (2020). In addition to a lack of personal
protective equipment, our healthcare workers are
underpaid and do not receive the respect that they
deserve from the community. "While fighting fear and
worry, they respond to the call of duty." Pressure,
worry, insomnia, denial, anger, and terror are just a
few of the things they've had to deal with. This is, of
course, in addition to the virus's constant exposure
(Biana, 2020).
Moreover, stigma, discrimination and social isolation,
therefore, need to be root out from the society.
However, in the current situation these healthcare
professionals have been victims of the societal
disapproval. Several healthcare workers working in
hospitals and laboratories are discriminated by staffs at
hotels and are facing difficulties finding food and
shelter. Further, people and even some healthcare
workers involved in non-COVID responses have been
showing discrimination towards healthcare
professionals through behaviors such as refusal to talk
to them and depicting disapproval to eat in the same
cafeterias (Singh & Subedi, 2020).
Incidents of violence and harassment against health
workers have been increasing during the COVID-19
pandemic. The most extensive risk factors for
workplace violence in the health sector include stress
and fatigue, long patient waiting times, crowding, the
burden of transmitting negative prognoses,
COVID-19-specific prevention and control measures
(such as placing individuals in quarantine or isolation
facilities), contact tracing or not allowing access to the
bodies of deceased loved ones. These can all lead to
additional tensions and violence (WHO, n/d). Thus,
Del Valle et al.
security aspects such as health, personal, and even the
occupation of the healthcare workers were put at risk.
This condition of our healthcare professionals in our
country is very alarming since possible shortage of
medical staff could occur if stigma and undesirable
treatment and experiences will be experienced by these
medical healthcare professionals. It is not a good ideaif
the home of world class healthcare workers loses its
healthcare professionals in the middle of pandemic.
Therefore, in view of stated articles, the researchers
were eager to know the effectiveness of Section 8 of
RA 11494 in terms of security and well-being among
healthcare professionals.
Research Questions
The study determined the Effectiveness between
Section 8 of RA 11494 to level of security and well-
being of Filipino frontliners during Covid19
Pandemic. Specifically, this sought answers to the
following problems and sub-problems:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents
in terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil status
1.4 Job Description
2. What is the respondents’ level of effectiveness of
Section 8 of the RA 11494 law among Filipino
frontliners?
3. What is the respondents’ level of security during
pandemic in terms of:
3.1 Personal Related Matters
3.2 Financial Related Matters
3.3 Health Related Matters
3.4 Work Related Matters
4. What is the respondents’ level of well-being during
pandemic in terms:
4.1 Positive Emotional Aspects
4.2 Satisfaction of needs
4.3 External conditions
4.4 Personal resources
5. Is there any significant difference between
respondents’ level of effectiveness when group
according to their demographic profile?
6. Is there any significant difference between
respondents level of security during pandemic when
group according to their demographic profile?
7. Is there a significant difference between
respondents’ level of well-being during pandemic
when group according to their demographic profile?
8. Is there a significant relationship between the level
of effectiveness of Section 8 of RA 11494 when group
according to level of security?
9. Is there a significant relationship between the level
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10. of effectiveness Section 8 of RA 11494 when

group according to level of well-being?
11. Is there any significant relationship between level
of security when group according to well-being? The questionnaire was composed of forty-eight
12. Does factors’ involving security and well-being questions and used four-point Likert Scale responses.
predict the level of effectiveness Section 8 of RA
11494? After reading other studies related to the variables. To
Methodology determine the validity and reliability of the
questionnaire, the questionnaire was constructed, the
Research Design researchers prepared clear and precise questions that
were easily understood by the respondents. A drafted
This study utilized the descriptive-correlation with
questionnaire was validated by the adviser and panel
linear regression design. Wherein, the research design
of experts composed of a statistician and three (3)
endeavors to describe systematically, factually,
professionals in the field. After some modifications,
accurately and objectively the problem and probe the
significance of relationship between two or more
the approved questionnaire was distributed to the
factors. This study began with carefully structured target respondents.
research problems that were clear and specific. This
study determined the level of security and level ofwell-
Results and Discussion
being among Filipino Frontliners of Ospital ng Biñan
(ONB) and Unihealth Southwoods Hospital and
Medical Center (USHMC) in Biñan, Laguna Table 1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

Population of Data
This study chose one hundred twenty-one (121)
respondents from a population of six hundred and six
(606) that answered the survey questionnaire. The
respondents were the Filipino frontliners employed at
Ospital ng Biñan and Unihealth Southwoods Hospital
and Medical Center both located at Biñan City,
Laguna.

These respondents were chosen using simple random

sampling technique in which every member of the
population would have a chance of being selected
(Bermudo et. al 2010). Sample size was computed
using twenty (20) percent of the population as per the
standards of descriptive research stated by Gay in the
book of Bermudo et. al (2010).

Instrumentation and Validation

The demographic characteristics of the participants
were shown in Table 1. Across 121 samples, 29.8% of
To evaluate the effectiveness of Section 8 of RA
11494- “To Heal as One Act” To Health Care the respondents were male and 70.2% female. The
Workers, the researchers used a hand-made average age of the participants was 41.5 years
questionnaire. This questionnaire focused into four (SD=0.71), ranging from 18 to 65 years. A total of 64
parts; part one dealt with the demographic profile of or 52.9% of respondents reported that they are single
the respondents, part two the effectiveness of Section 8 and 57 or 47.1% were married. In terms of job
of Republic Act 11494, part three focused on the level description, 45 or 37.2 percent belonged to non-
of security in terms of personal, financial, health and medical and majority of the respondents were medical
occupational related matters. And lastly, part four workers with frequency of 76 or 62.8 percent
focused on the level of well-being among respondents
in terms of positive emotions, satisfaction of needs,
external conditions and personal resources.

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Table 2. The Respondents’ Level of Effectiveness
of Section 8 of RA 11494
Table 2 revealed the r espondents’ level of
effectiveness of Section 8 of RA 11494. Respondents
agreed that the law is effective as indicated in the
indicator 6 which states that “the implementation of
the law provide protocol for both city and provincial
government against discrimination of the frontliners”
that obtained a weighted mean of 3.16 and ranked 1st.
Second in the rank was indicator 4 which states that
“Implementation of the law provide protocol for the
workplace against discrimination of the frontliners”.
This obtained a weighted mean of 3.15 and verbally
interpreted as effective. On the other hand, indicators 7
and 8 got the lowest rank with weighted mean of 3.00
and 2.93 respectively, in which it states that “the law
will protect me against bullies” and “I am satisfied
with the law and its content”.
To sum up, an average weighted mean score of 3.09
revealed that respondent’s Level of Effectiveness of
Section 8 of RA 11494 was indeed effective.
The efficiency of a law is judged by the degree of
compliance, according to Allott, as stated by Zamboni
(2018); hence, law is preventative, i.e., designed to
discourage undesirable behavior, and one can see if
such behavior has been reduced or eliminated. We
may see how far a law helps to achieve these goals
insofar as it is curative, i.e., it works ex post facto to
correct a flaw, injustice, or conflict. In the case of a
law that is facilitative, i.e., it provides formal
recognition, regulation, and protection for a legal
institution, such as marriage or contracts, the amount
to which the facilities are actually used by those who
are eligible is likely a measure of its efficacy.
Finally, what makes laws effective is the way in which
people feel it runs with their interests and not against
them. When it becomes a tool rapidly to alter a social
Del Valle et al.
structure it can create deep tensions (Macfarlane,
2005).
Table 3. The Respondents’ Level of Security in
Terms of Personal Related Matter
Table 3 presented the respondents Level of Security in
terms of Personal Related Matter. First in rank was
indicator 5“I did not experience bullying, verbal
threats, and physical violence during this pandemic”
which got a weighted mean of 2.99 and verbally
interpreted as Secured. Second in rank was indicator 3
“I don’t receive inappropriate messages in any forms
of media” which got a weighted mean of 2.93 and
verbally interpreted as Secured. Third in rank was
indicator 4 “I do not feel threatened when I go to
work/home during this pandemic period” which got a
weighted mean of 2.87 and verbally interpreted as
Secured. Fourth in rank was indicator 1 “I am able to
live with much assurance during this pandemic period”
which got a weighted mean of 2.82 and verbally
interpreted as Secured. Fifth in rank with weighted
mean of 2.74 and verbally interpreted as Secured is
indicator 2 which states that the respondents feel safe
to do usual routine and chores personally during this
pandemic period.
To sum up, an average weighted mean score for table
3 of2.87 revealed that respondents’ level of security in
terms of personal related matter was secured. The cited
report of Gimeno (2020), opposed to the research
finding. Reports of health workers being attacked
became news, with many experiencing eviction,
ridicule, and harassment. Many workers report they
are being evicted from homes, refused rides on public
transport and kicked out of restaurants as their fellow
citizens worry about coming into contact with them
and contracting the ailment caused by the coronavirus
(VOA, 2020).
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Table 4. The Respondents’ Level of Security in
Terms of Financial Related Matter
Table 4 pointed-out the respondents Level of Security
in terms of Financial Related Matter. Rank 1 in the
evaluation was indicator 3 which got a weighted mean
of 2.94 and verbally interpreted as Secured. This
meant that the respondents were secured despite the
pandemic they can provide the needs of the family.
Second in the rank was indicator 5 got a weighted
mean of 2.82 and verbally interpreted as Secured. It
showed that the respondent can afford to pay their
accountabilities on time. Third in rank was indicator 1,
which got a weighted mean of 2.72 and verbally
interpreted as secured. This indicated that respondents
can handle unexpected expenses. Fourth in rank was
indicator 2 which got a weighted mean of 2.70 and
verbally interpreted as Secured. This proved that the
respondents can save money during pandemic. Lastly,
indicator 4 ranked fifth with a weighted mean 2.65 and
verbally interpreted as Secured. This showed that
respondents can save money to be used in cases of
emergency.
In conclusion, Level of Security related to Financial
Matter got an average score of 2.77 and verbally
interpreted as Secured. This meant that the frontliners
were financially secured at the time of pandemic. This
can be back-up through the article published by
Inquirer.net (2021) wherein, the coronavirus pandemic
laid bare the sacrifice of the country’s health workers
and also the state of their financial health.
Additionally, according to the Philippine Statistics
Authority’s 2018 Occupational Wage Survey, the
highest paid medical professionals in the Philippines
are those with specializations. General medical
Del Valle et al.
practitioners – doctors and dentists – had the third
highest average monthly earning which are above the
national average for health professionals. While health
care workers have been hailed as modern heroes for
their efforts during the pandemic, the call for higher
wages have been an insistent one (Lalu, 2021).
Table 5. The Respondents’ Level of Security in
Terms of Health-Related Matter
Table 5 showed the respondents Level of Security in
terms of Health Related Matter. First in rank was
indicator 5 “Standard health protocols are being
practice to all individuals including healthcare
workers, to avoid infection” which got a weighted
mean of 3.17 and verbally interpreted as Secured.
Second in rank was indicator 1 “I am able to monitor
my health against the threat of Covid 19 infection”
which got a weighted mean of 3.12 and verbally
interpreted as Secured. Third in rank was indicator 3 “I
am able to receive fair medical treatment for any
exposure and contraction of symptoms during this
pandemic period” which got a weighted mean of 3.02
and verbally interpreted as Secured. Fourth in rank
was indicator 2 “I am eligible for any medical
examination and conditions same with all citizens for
my health status” which got a weighted mean of 3.00
and verbally interpreted as Secured. Fifth in rank with
weighted mean of 2.97 and verbally interpreted as
Secured is indicator 4 which stated that the
respondents feel safe that their health information will
be kept with utmost confidentiality and privacy.
To sum up, an average weighted mean score for table
5 of 3.05 revealed that respondents’ level of security in
terms of health-related matter was secured. Like with
the research findings, Dalanao et.al. (2020) cited that it
is a protocol that covid patients followed health
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protocols. Even the disclosures of the information’s to work.

(confidentiality) are strictly being followed. Patients
should be made aware of the potential dangers In conclusion, Level of Security related to Work
associated with the revelation, such as the possibility
Matter got an average score of 3.24 and verbally
of being attacked violently, discriminated against, or
interpreted as Secured. This meant that the frontliners
harassed. In addition, the World Health Organization
were occupationally secured at the time of pandemic.
(WHO) has outlined 5 steps to improve health worker
Unlike with the research findings, the study conducted
and patient safety, one of which was to ensure that
personal protective equipment (PPE) would be by Lagarde, Haines, & Palmer (2017) found issues and
concerns regarding security of occupational health and
available at all times, in adequate quantity, appropriate
safety among health care workers. Some are not
fit, and of acceptable quality, as relevant to the roles
and tasks performed, in adequate quantity, appropriate
addressed; thus, it is recommended for immediate
fit, and of acceptable quality. Ensure that the proper
monitoring and reevaluation of personnel in terms of
use of personal protective equipment and safetytheir knowledge and practices in occupational health
procedures would be properly taught. and safety. The protection of healthcare workers and
Table 6. The Respondents’ Level of Security in appropriate training are of paramount importance in
Terms of Work-Related Matter the fight against Covid-19. Our protocol of measures
which successfully controlled Covid-19 infection can
help health workers minimize the risks of infection in
medical facilities globally (Liu, et al. 2020).

Table 7. Summary of the respondents’ Level of

Security

Table 6 showed the respondents Level of Security in

terms of Work-Related Matter. Rank 1 in the
evaluation was indicator 2 which got a weighted mean Table 7 explained the summary of the respondents’
of 3.39 and verbally interpreted as Secured. This level of security during pandemic. As seen on the
meant that the respondents were secured to fulfill their table, the respondents were highly secured in terms of
duties and responsibilities despite the threat of work-related matter that obtained a weighted mean of
infection. Second in the rank was indicator 3 which got 3.24 and ranked 1st. Next was health related matter
a weighted mean of 3.36 and verbally interpreted as
which got a weighted mean of 3.05 and ranked 2nd
Secured. This showed that the respondents were
followed by personal related matter at 3rd ranked and
encourage to report safety concerns. Third in rank was
indicator 4, which got a weighted mean of 3.31 and achieved a weighted mean of 2.87 and lastly financial
verbally interpreted as Secured. This indicated that related matter that got a weighted mean of 2.77 and
respondents were secured that their workplace ranked 4th. To sum up an average weighted mean
implements safety health protocols at all times. Fourth score of 2.98 revealed that the respondents were
in rank was indicator 5 which got a weighted mean of secured when it comes to the level of security during
3.17 and verbally interpreted as Secured. This proved pandemic.
that the respondents were given a working schedule
free from discrimination on the basis of their job
description. Lastly, indicator 1 ranked fifth with a
weighted mean 2.98 and verbally interpreted as
Secured. This showed that respondents felt safe to go

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Table 8. The Respondents’ Level of Well-being
inTerms of Positive Emotions
Table 8 showed the respondents Level of Well-being
in terms of Positive Emotions. First in rank was
indicator 5 “I feel that I am an important part of the
company, despite the pandemic situation” which got a
weighted mean of 3.25 and verbally interpreted as
Satisfied. Second in rank was indicators1 and 4 “Even
during the pandemic, my work gives me a feeling of
personal accomplishment” and “I am happy with my
work despite the danger of getting infected with the
COVID-19 virus” which both got a weighted mean of
3.24 and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. Next in rank
was indicators2 and 3 “Even this time of pandemic, I
am satisfied at my company” and “Despite Covid-19, I
find my job to be enjoyable and challenging” which
both got a weighted mean of 3.21 and verbally
interpreted as Satisfied.
To sum up, an average weighted mean score for table
8 of 3.23 revealed that respondents’ level of Well-
being in terms of positive emotions was satisfied. As
cited by Michaelson, Mahony, & Schifferes, (2012),
Positive Emotions help prevent work-related stress and
exhaustion. They found that the emotional exhaustion
of health workers was positively related to the time
pressure they perceived. The research finding was also
back-up by the findings of Gilead, M. & Liberman
(2018), wherein, the emotional exhaustion of health
workers was affected not only by direct stressors but
complicated psychological processes. The wellbeing
and emotional resilience of healthcare workers are key
components of continuing healthcare services during
the Covid-19 pandemic.
Del Valle et al.
Table 9. The Respondents’ Level of Well-being in
Terms of Satisfaction of Needs
Table 9 showed the respondents Level of Well-being
in terms of Satisfaction of Needs. Rank 1 in the
evaluation was indicator 1 which got a weighted mean
of 3.49 and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. This
means that the respondents feels that their life had a
purpose. Second in the rank was indicator 2 which got
a weighted mean of 3.47 and verbally interpreted as
Satisfied. This showed that the respondents took time
to think about what’s important in life. Third in rank
was indicator 5, which got a weighted mean of 3.46
and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. This indicated
that respondents were flexible and can adapt to change
in a positive way. Fourth in rank was indicator 4 which
got a weighted mean of 3.40 and verbally interpreted
as Satisfied. This proved that the respondents engaged
in acts of caring and goodwill without expecting in
return. Lastly, indicator 3 ranked fifth with a weighted
mean 3.23 and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. This
showed that respondents found balance between
meeting their needs and those of others.
In conclusion, Level of Well-being related to
Satisfaction of Needs got an average score of 3.41 and
verbally interpreted as Satisfied. This meant that the
respondents were satisfied. Living with a purpose,
according to Norris (2020), generally entails some
form of caring for others, but you must first take care
of yourself in order to do so. In comparison to people
who have a lesser sense of purpose, people who have a
higher sense of purpose are more likely to engage in
Covid-19 preventive behaviors (Kang et al. 2021).
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beneficial. The presence of social ties has a favorable

Table 10. The Respondents’ Level of Well-being in
Terms of External Conditions
impact on a person's mental and physical health,
whereas the lack of social relationships increases a
person's vulnerability to psychological discomfort
(Nguyen et al. 2015). Also, in the research findings of
Boursier et. al (2021), showed that people spent more
time watching TV series during the pandemic
lockdown suggesting that watching TV series during
the COVID-19 lockdown served as a recovery strategy
to face such a stressful situation.

Table 11. The Respondents’ Level of Well-being in

Terms of Personal Resources

Table 10 revealed the respondents Level of Well-being

in terms of External Conditions. First in rank was
indicator 4 “I feel relaxed watching my favorite
television shows during this pandemic period” which
got a weighted mean of 3.33 and verbally interpreted
as Satisfied. Second in rank was indicator 3 “I feel joy
when I meet my friends outside work during this
pandemic period” which got a weighted mean of 3.31
and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. Third in rank was
indicator 5 “I feel happy when I am in front of my
devices to use social media during this pandemic Table 11 showed the respondents Level of Well-being in
period” which got a weighted mean of 3.12 and terms of Personal Resources. Rank 1 in the
evaluation was indicator 2 which got a weighted mean
verbally interpreted as Satisfied. Fourth in rank was
of 3.25 and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. This meant
indicator 1 “I feel happy because I am well
that the respondents were capable to protect themselves
compensated on my work during this pandemic” and others from getting ill by following the safety
which got weighted mean of 2.90 and verbally protocols. Second in the rank was indicator 4 which got
interpreted as Satisfied and “I am happy with my work a weighted mean of 3.14 and verbally interpreted as
despite the danger of getting infected with the Satisfied. This showed that the respondents were
COVID-19 virus” which both got a weighted mean of more resilient and bounced back after a disappointment
3.24 and verbally interpreted as Satisfied. Fifth in rank or problem. Third in rank was indicator 1, which got a
with weighted mean of 2.77 and verbally interpreted as weighted mean of 3.16 and verbally interpreted as
Satisfied is indicator 2 which states that during this Satisfied. This indicated that respondents generally felt
very good about their health. Fourth in rank was
pandemic period the respondents were satisfied on the
indicator 5 which got a weighted mean of 3.14 and
increases in compensation.
verbally interpreted as Satisfied. This proved that the
respondents felt well and whole emotionally and
To sum up, an average weighted mean score for table
physically. Lastly, indicator 3 ranked fifth with a
10 of 3.09 revealed that respondents’ level of Well- weighted mean 3.10 and verbally interpreted as
being in terms of external conditions was satisfied. Satisfied. This shows that respondents were able to
According to Amati (2018), there is a lot of evidence maintain healthy eating habits.
showing people who have a larger network of active
social contacts are happier and more content with their
lives. The benefits that social ties offer to a person's
subjective well-being could explain why they are so

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In conclusion, Level of Well-being related to Personal
Resources got an average score of 3.17 and verbally
interpreted as Satisfied. This meant that the
respondents’ level of wellbeing in terms of personal
resources was satisfied. In the updated guidelines
released by Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC, 2021), the best strategy to protect
yourself and your loved one from Covid-19 is to
follow the recommended protocol including getting
vaccinated, wearing a mask, practicing physical
distancing, washing your hands frequently and
avoiding crowded areas. As shown on GMA News
aired April 06, 2021 (via YouTube) on an interview
with Dr. Rontgene Solante an infectious disease expert
after having 2 doses of vaccine says “Walang
nagbabago sa akin, even after I got the two doses of
vaccine… We still observe and maintain the minimum
health protocol while here at the hospital, while in
front of the patient, and when going home I still do the
usual practiced not to interact long with elderly and at
the same time physical distancing”. Thus, whether
vaccinated or not people should follow the minimum
health protocol and follow minimum health standard at
home.
On the other hand, according to Hill et al (2019), stress
can lead to disruption to normal eating behaviors.
Stress causes some people to ignore their hunger cues
and refrain from eating for long stretches. For some,
stress turns them into emotional eaters who mindlessly
munch. Some people overeat when they feel stressed,
and other people lose track of their appetite (Team,
2020).
Table 12 showed the summary of the respondents’
Level of Well-being, its weighted mean, verbal
interpretation and rank.
Table 12. Summary of the respondents’ Level of
Well-being
Del Valle et al.
As shown on the table, the summary of the
respondents’ level of well-being were all satisfied in
terms of satisfaction of need that obtained a weighted
mean of 3.41 and ranked 1st followed by positive
emotion with a weighted mean of 3.23, personal
resources with a weighted mean of 3.17 and external
condition that got a weighted mean of 3.09 which ranked
2nd, 3rd and 4 th respectively. To sum up an average
weighted mean score of 3.23 revealed that the level of
well-being of the respondents from ONB and USHMC
were satisfied.
Table 13. Difference on the Level of Effectiveness
when grouped according to Demographic Profile
Table 13 showed difference between the Level of
Effectiveness and Demographic Profiles of the
respondents. It was computed that there was no
significant difference in the level of effectiveness of
Section 8 of RA 11494 when grouped according to
demographic profile. The P Value of age (P=0.835),
gender (P=0.287), status (P=0.283) and job description
(P=0.962)was higher than the level of significance
(0.05). This shows that the level of effectiveness of
section 8 of RA 11494 among respondents’ is the
same.
Every person in a Philippine jurisdiction is deemed to
be aware that a law governing a certain action exists,
according to an article in Philippine Law Today
(2016). If a person breaks a law despite the fact that he
is unaware of its existence, such ignorance is not a
legitimate legal defense and will not protect him from
the legal repercussions of his actions. People obey the
law primarily because they believe that legitimate
authority should be respected (Tyler, 2021).
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Table 15. Difference in the Level of Security

(Financial Related Matter) when grouped
Table 14. Difference in the Level of Security according to Demographic Profile
(Personal Related Matter) when grouped according
to Demographic Profile

Table 15 indicated the difference between the Level of

Security in terms of Financial Related Matter when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
Table 14 revealed the difference between the Level of shown that there was no significant difference between
Security in terms of Personal Related Matters when age (P=0.283), gender (P=0.404), status (P=0.393) and
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was job description (P=0.959). The P value was higher
shown that there was no significant difference between than the significant level of 0.05. This shows that the
respondents’ level of security in financial related
age (P=0.597), gender (P=0.167), status (P=0.131) and
matter is the same.
job description (P=0.669). The P value was higher
than the significant level of 0.05. This shows that the According to Kinder (2021), Covid-19 laid bare the
respondents’ level of security in personal related wide gap between the value that health care support,
matters is the same. service and direct care workers bring to society and the
extremely low wages they earn in return. Short-term
In an article of WHO (2020), they are calling on fixes such as hazard pay are urgently needed.
governments and health care leaders to protect the Facilitation of the immediate release of benefits of
health workers who protects us all. Millions of health frontline health workers is a priority. The government
workers fighting Covid-19 around the world put is committed in ensuring that all medical front-liners
would receive their allowances and other benefits
themselves and their families at risk to treat patients
(Gita-Carlos, 2021).
and contain the spread of the disease. Moreover,
according to VOA (2020), health workers are being Table 16. Difference in the Level of Security
evicted from homes, refused rides on public transport (Health Related Matter) when grouped according
and some were evicted of their apartments. Reports of to Demographic Profile
physical attacked, including being thrown bleach and
splashed with chlorine. Also, there are reports of
health care workers being refused access to basic
services, blocked and fined at checkpoints and others
were kicked out of restaurants. A utility worker at a
hospital was ganged up by five men and doused with
bleach in Sultan Kudarat province (Dayupay, 2020).

Del Valle et al.

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Table 16 showed the difference between the Level of
Security in terms of Health-Related Matter when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
shown that there was no significant difference between
age (P=0.250), gender (P=0.392), status (P=0.767) and
job description (P=0.455). The P value was higher
than the significant level 0.05. This shows that the
respondents’ level of security in health-related matter
is the same.
In an article by Deaton (2018), healthcare industry is
one of the most hazardous environments to work in.
Healthcare workers are constantly exposed to a
complex variety of health hazards in the course of their
work. Hazards range from biological exposure to
disease causing organisms or exposure to chemicals.
According to CDC (2021), all health care workers,
regardless of vaccination status, should be tested for
Covid-19 when symptomatic after a high-risk
exposure. Post-exposure testing should occur
immediately upon identification of the case and at a
day five to seven after exposure. Healthcare workers
should not work while sick, even if presenting with
mild signs or symptoms.
Table 17. Difference in the Level of Security (Work
Related Matter) when grouped according to
Demographic Profile
Table 17 pointed-out the difference between the Level
of Security in terms of Work-Related Matter when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
shown that there was no significant difference between
age (P=0.296), gender (P=0.430), status (P=0.492) and
job description (P=0.324). The P value was higher
than the significant level 0.05. This shows that the
respondents’ level of security in work related matter is
the same.
Del Valle et al.
In the study of Wojtkowska et. Al (2021), People's
sense of security has been eroded as a result of the
Covid-19 outbreak. Employees, on the other hand,
may feel more secure as a result of managers' efforts to
reduce health hazards and economic harm in the
workplace. Healthcare workers who have a sense of
job security will be more productive knowing the
knowledge and skills they have as well as the
commitment to provide the best patient care is valued
and needed by their employers (Buchheit, 2020).
Table 18. Difference in the Level of Well-being
(Positive Emotions) when grouped according to
Demographic Profile
Table 18 revealed the difference between the Level of
Well-being in terms of Positive Emotions when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
shown that there was no significant difference between
age (P=0.219), gender (P=0.881), status (P=0.863) and
job description (P=0.838). The P value was higher
than the significant level 0.05. This shows that the
respondents’ level of well-being in positive emotions
is the same.
Healthcare workers face serious pressures that may
cause psychological disorders, including anxiety,
phobia, depression and insomnia (W. Li et al., 2020).
According to Lai et al. (2020), a significant number of
healthcare workers experience insomnia and develop
symptoms of depression, anxiety and distress during
the COVID-19 pandemic. In another study conducted
with 1563 healthcare professionals, over half of them
reported depression symptoms (50.7%), 44.7% anxiety
and 36.1% insomnia (Liu et al., 2020). Similarly, a
research study with 5393 participants showed that
healthcare workers experienced depression, anxiety
and insomnia (Chen et al., 2020).
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On the other hand, positive emotional state has been

found to contribute to healthcare workers’
psychological resilience. Naeem et al. (2020) argue
that individuals who actively develop positive Table 20. Difference in the Level of Well-being
emotions have higher psychological resilience. (External Condition) when grouped according to
Positive emotions have been found to decline in the
Demographic Profile
wake of COVID-19 pandemic (Li et al., 2020).

Table 19. Difference in the Level of Well-being

(Satisfaction of Needs) when grouped according to
Demographic Profile

Table 20 showed the difference between Level of

Table 19 disclosed the difference between the Level of
Well-being in terms of Satisfaction of Needs when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
shown that there was no significant difference between
age (P=0.916), gender (P=0.324), status (P=0.076) and
job description (P=0.146). The P value was higher
than the significant level 0.05. This shows that the
respondents’ level of well-being in satisfaction of need
is the same.
According to Santiago (2021), working in the
healthcare industry allows a person to nurture his
desire to help others while earning a living. You may
help bring a new life into the world or save a life. You
can help patients recover, support families through
some of life's most trying periods, or work behind the
scenes to keep a medical institution running smoothly
if you choose to. Healthcare employees, regardless of
their precise job in the institution, have a significant
impact on people's lives and even entire communities
as a result of their efforts.
Well-being in terms of External Condition when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
shown that there was no significant difference between
age (P=0.668), gender (P=0.861), status (P=0.839) and
job description (P=0.416). The P value was higher
than the significant level 0.05. This shows that the
respondents’ level of well-being in external condition
is the same.
Due to the high demand for workers in the healthcare
sector, careers in health services are among the most
well-paid job options available. There are healthcare
jobs available at any education level that offer
competitive salaries compared to other industries.
Health careers are some of the highest-paying careers,
with physicians and advance-practice clinicians
topping the list of most highly compensated healthcare
professionals (Santiago, 2021).

Del Valle et al.

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Table 21. Difference in the Level of Well-being
(Personal Resources) when grouped according to
Demographic Profiles
Table 21 revealed the difference between Level of
Well-being in terms of Personal Resources when
grouped according to Demographic Profile. It was
shown that there was no significant difference between
age (P=0.668), gender (P=0.861) and job description
(P=0.416) and there was a significant difference on
status (0.03). The P value for age, gender and job
description was higher than the significant level 0.05
and was lower for status. This shows that the
respondents’ level of well-being in external condition
is not the same compared to the respondents’ status.
According to Ju et. al (2021), married public workers
reported a higher level of stress and anxiety in
response to the pandemic. In general, married people
may worry not only about their own protection, but
also about the safety of their family members,
including children. On the other hand, in the study of
Sanchez-Zaballos et. al (2021), there are theories about
the role of the family and the partner as cumulative
protective factors that lead to resilience which affirm a
greater resilience among married health professionals.
Table 22. Relationship between Level of
Effectiveness and Level of Security
Table 22 showed the relationship between Level of
Effectiveness of Section 8 when grouped according to
Level of Security. Based on Pearson correlation
analysis, the table explained that the relationship
between the level of effectiveness of Section 8 and
Del Valle et al.
Personal Matter was strong (r=0.719, p=0.001),
average relationship on Financial (r=0.566, p=0.001),
and average relationship in terms of Work (r=0.504,
p=0.001).
In terms with Health, there is an inverse relationship
(r=-0.644, p=0.001) which mean that when the
effectiveness of RA 11494 goes down, the level of
security in health of the health workers goes down as
well or vice versa. To sum up, the Level of
Effectiveness of Section 8 were significantly
correlated between the Level of Security in terms of
Personal, Financial, Health and Work-Related Matter.
According to Shaw et. al (2020), health workers
encounter other physical and psychological challenges
each day related to mental health, well-being and
security. With prolonged hours and high workload,
fatigue and stress are threats to mental health and
wellbeing of health workers, increasing the prevalence
of burnout and posing a risk to their physical health
from non-communicable diseases, which are
exacerbated by prolonged stress.Healthcare workers
must continue to balance existing obstacles to wellness
while facing the unique challenges of a pandemic
(Shrefller et. al, 2020) they are at significant risk of
acquiring infection; therefore, they are required to
protect themselves and prevent transmission on the
healthcare setting (Delgado et. al, 2020).
Table 23. Relationship between Level of
Effectiveness and Level of Well-being
Table 23 showed the relationship between Level of
Effectiveness of Section 8 when grouped according to
Level of Well-being. The table explained that the
relationship between the level of effectiveness of
Section 8 and Positive Emotion was average (r=0.420,
p=0.001), weak relationship on the Satisfaction of
Need (r=0.338, p=0.001), inverse relationship in terms
of External Condition (r=- 0.483, p=0.001) and
Personal Resources (r=0.524, p=0.001).
In terms with External Condition, there is an inverse
relationship (r=- 0.483, p=0.001) which mean that
when the effectiveness of RA 11494 goes down, the
level of external condition of the health workers goes
down as well or vice versa. In conclusion, the Level of
Effectiveness of Section 8 had a significant
relationship between the Level of Well-being in terms
of Positive Emotion, Satisfaction of Need, External
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Condition and Personal Resources.
As stated to on the study of McDougall et. Al (2021),
as well as including both physical and psychosocial
elements, another way in which health professionals’
well-being should be understood broadly is by
acknowledging that their family members’ well-being
has an impact. The risk of infecting their own family
members has been a key concern for many health
professionals working during COVID-19. Some
healthcare staff has isolated themselves in separate
rooms at home; others have moved to temporary
accommodation to avoid infecting immune-
compromised family members or sent their children
to live with relatives.
Furthermore, healthcare workers across health systems
are facing significant stressors, burdens and mental
health challenges as a result of their work. This is
especially the case for those who work on the
frontlines during covid-19 pandemic – with further
challenges faced by those who work in impoverished
and low-resource settings or in places where
stigmatization is high (Sevold et. al, 2021).
Table 24. Relationship between the Level of
Security and Level of Well-being
Table 24 showed the relationship between Level of
Security and Level of Well-being. The table pointed-
out that there was an average to strong significant
relationship between the Level of Security in terms of
Personal Security to Positive Emotion (r=0.546,
p=0.001), Satisfaction of Need (r=0.516, p=0.001),
External Condition (r=0.503, p=0.001) and Personal
Resources (r=0.704, p=0.001). This shows that the
higher the level of well-being in terms of positive
emotions, satisfaction of need, external condition and
personal resources, the higher the level of security
experienced by the respondents in terms of Personal
Security.
In terms of Financial Security, there was a weak to the most valuable resource for every country to combat
average significant relationship in the level of security Covid-19, in this case health care workers must need
in terms of Positive Emotion (r=0.410, p=0.001), to be well protected first (Chen et. al, 2020).
Satisfaction of Need (r=0.392, p=0.001), External
Del Valle et al.
Condition (r=0.565, p=0.001) and Personal Resources
(r=0.519, p=0.001). This means that the higher the level
of well-being in terms of positive emotions, satisfaction
of need, external condition and personal resources the
higher the level of security in terms of Financial
Security. On the other hand, the table also showed that
there was an average to strong significant relationship
between level of Security in terms of Health Security
to Positive Emotion (r=0.633, p=0.001), Satisfaction of
Need (r=0.501, p=0.001), External Condition (r=0.586,
p=0.001) and Personal Resources (r=0.675, p=0.001).
This means that the higher the level of well-being in
terms of positive emotion, satisfaction of need,
external condition and personal resources the higher
the level of security in terms of Health Security. The
table also revealed that there was an average to strong
significant relationship between the level of Security
in terms of Work Security to Positive Emotion
(r=0.745, p=0.001), Satisfaction of Need (r=0.539,
p=0.001), External Condition (r=0.520, p=0.001) and
Personal Resources (r=0.661, p=0.001). This means
that the higher the level of well-being in terms of
positive emotion, satisfaction of need, external
condition and personal resources the higher the level
of security in terms of Work Security.
To sum up, the level of Security in terms of Personal,
Financial, Health and Work-Related Matter had a
significant relationship with the Level of Well-being in
terms of Positive Emotion, Satisfaction of Need,
External Condition and Personal Resources. According
to Wu et. al (2020), caring for patients with Covid-19
places health workers at personal risk for infection and
also poses a threat to their emotional well-being. If
workers are not provided with enough emotional
support, the distress can be disabling. It is important to
consider the difference in emotional response of
different staff groups- young versus old, single versus
married and medical versus non-medical staffs. As the
saying goes, we are all in the same storm, but not in
the same boat.
Also, experts identified several priority areas in
maintaining and promoting the well-being of health
workers during pandemic. These included meeting
basic needs, improving crisis leadership and
communication, promoting well-being and providing
mental and emotional support. Health care workers are
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Table 25. Predictors of the Level of Effectiveness of
Section 8 of RA 11494
Table 25 showed the predictors of Section 8 of RA
11494’s Effectiveness. It explained that the
respondents’ level of Security in terms of Personal
Related Matter had a significant value (p=0.001) in
predicting the level of effectiveness of Section 8 of RA
11494 among Filipino Frontliners. The P value of the
said variable was 0.001 which was lower than the set
level of significance 0.001.
As stated to the article of Wille (2020), health workers
are at a high risk of catching Covid-19 infection and
they need appropriate personal protective equipment.
In addition, they also face threats and are exposed to
violence. On their route to work, health professionals
are assaulted, and there have been stories of health
workers losing their rental contracts, being denied
access to stores or transportation, or being physically
beaten as a result of their fear of spreading the illness.
Employees in the healthcare industry are concerned
about their own safety, as well as the safety of their
families.
Health-care workers, according to Rubrico (2020),
share the same anxieties as everyone else. Not that
they are invincible. Some are immune-compromised,
have underlying diseases, and are beyond 60 years old,
just like the rest of us. Despite this, every day, health
care employees get up and go to work, despite the
dangers. They have every right to walk freely, to dine,
do laundry, and shop for food in peace, as well as to
return home and rest in their own beds.
Del Valle et al.
Conclusion
Based on the salient findings of the study, majority of
the respondents were single female front liners ages 18-
35 years old; who had felt that their Well-being is
satisfied. Opposed to what the community had known to
about the frontliners who work during the public health
emergencies, reports says that they are full of
dissatisfaction to many laws implemented for them (due
to little things it can do for them). But at least, it was
seen that the Section 8 of RA 11494 were effective
within the community as well as to their workplace.
Health workers also responded that they were secured
in terms of their health and work-related matters. It
was said that their workplace was able to implement
properly the health protocols. As such, the clients and
even themselves were able to execute the usage of
health protocols for every one’s safety. Additionally,
health workers had fulfilled their duties and
responsibilities inside and outside of their organization
for this is their calling as front line of health defense.
Moreover, this study had also identified that there is a
relationship with effectiveness of the implementation
of Section 8 RA 11494, level of security and well-
being of the health workers. It was deemed that the
more effective the RA 11494, the more that the
workers are secured and have a positive well-being.
Or, the more the health workers felts that they are
secured the more that they have a positive well-being.
But there is some point that the healthcare workers felt
that there is an inverse relationship between the law
and their health security as well as to law and their
external conditions.
Health care workers should be commented as for all
the sacrifices and their passion for their work. This
study had shown us that several points in the effects of
the implemented law to their security and well-being.
This knowledge can shed light to all to better
understand the security level and well-being of the
health care workers during pandemic and ahead of
time.
In the light of the findings and conclusions, the
following are offered as recommendations for possible
actions:(1) To the health workers, it is recommended
to regularly subject to psychological evaluations /
assessment to retain positive self-awareness.(2) Due to
the nature of their work, health workers should be
adaptive and flexible. Be open to feed backs, subject
self to open-ended questions with others for gaining
insights. (3) Moreover, health workers practice "me
time". Health workers may watch Netflix or movie
marathons at weekends. Or they have at least catch up
some time with family and friends over dinner
dates.(4) To the local community, maintain positive
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support given to the frontliners. Showing kindness,
respect and care will do. Whereas, to those who
continuously stigmatize the frontliners, educate
themselves through reading materials, contact people
who gives education campaign to counter the idea of
stigmatization on frontliners.(5) The Local City Health
Office / Government, to continuously provide the
needs of the frontliners accordingly. Such as their
compensations (hazard pay, special risk allowance,
subsistence pay, etc.), give appropriate working hours
and rest days (off days).(6) Moreover, Local offices
and Government should strengthen their advocacy to
stop stigmatization and discrimination among health
workers who responded to Covid-19. Improved
evidenced-based policy such as penalizing any person
found to have committed acts or series of acts against
health workers.(7) To the private/public hospitals, it is
recommended to provide free or attainable
accommodations (such as hotels or quarantine place)
when early signs and symptoms were detected. Free
transportations should also be provided when health
workers would report on-site. Administrators in the
hospitals are also encouraged to at least give additional
benefits to their employees such as free check-up,
medicines when they got sick at the time due to
exposure to covid- 19 patients.
Moreover, (8) to Lawmakers, they may use this
research to evaluate and assess the effectivity of the
law. Amendment of the law should also be done,
especially to the Section 8 if it is needed. (9) To Future
Researchers, they may use the findings of this research
as a reference for any study relating to Covid-19,
effectiveness of RA 11494, security and well-being of
front liners. (10) It was also recommended that other
researchers may use other methods such as qualitative
method or even mixed method, other variables other
than security and well-being. And any other study
should be made on the strong and weak points of the
effectivity of RA 11494.
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Affiliations and Corresponding Information
Vener T. Del Valle
Biňan City Health Office I
Alfredo T. Del Valle Jr.
Biňan City Health Office I
Helga Marie B. Cabarle
National University
Dasmariñas - Philippines
18/18