CHAPTER 14

DARWIN –THEORY OF
EVOLUTION

1.Contributed more to our understanding of Evolution than anyone. Made numerous observations and
collected evidence that led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the way life
changes.Charles Darwin
2. His/Her maggoty ship. The ship that Darwin traveled on for 5 years.HMS Beagle
3.Unique animals like the turtles and finches found there. Where Charles Darwin traveled to during his
exploration. Galapagos Islands
4.The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. Evolution
5.A well-supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world. Theory
6.True or false Charles Darwin contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else.
True
7.What year was Charles Darwin born in. 1809
8.How old was Charles Darwin when he began the voyage on the Beagle. In his twenties
9.Darwin was looking for a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth. True
10. What were the two observations that Charles Darwin made after his voyage. An enormous number of
species inhabit Earth in some species that lived in the past no longer live on earth.
11. Preserved remains of ancient organisms. Fossils
12. As Darwin studied fossils what new questions arose? How living things change over time and
disappeared and how they are related to other living species
13. The higher islands of the Galapagos Islands have more rainfall. True
14. How did Darwin explain the differences in Shell shape of tortoises from Hood Island and Isabela
Island? Tortoises on Unhood Island has a crab like shells that allowed them to reach Spartan
vegetation on their Island while on Isabela Island, the tortoises doesn’t have shape because vegetation
was more abundant and closer to the ground.
15. Darwin observed the small brown birds on the Galapagos Islands differed in the shape of their_____.
Beaks
16. What did Darwin think about on his journey home to England? The characteristics of many animals
and plants and how they varied from one Island to another
17. What hypothesis did Darwin develop to explain his findings? Separate species evolved from a common
ancestor after becoming isolated from one another on the different Islands.
18. Who were the two scientists who helped Darwin and others recognize how old the Earth was?
extremely slowly? James Hutton and Charles Lyell
19. What was the two ideas proposed by James Hutton? Layers of rock are moved by forces beneath
earth's surface and most geological processes operated (Erosion and Uplifting)
20. What was true about Charles lyell's work? His book principles of geology was published after Darwin
returned from his voyage. His work explain how awesome geological features could be built up or torn
 down over long periods of time. His Publications help Darwin appreciate the significance of the
geological phenomena that he had observed. He stressed that scientists must explain past events in
terms of processes that they can actually observe. His work explains how awesome geological features
could be built up or torn down over long periods of time. His Publications help Darwin appreciate the
significance of the geological phenomenon that he had reserved. He stressed that scientists may
explain past events in terms of processes that they can actually observe.
21. In what two ways did an understanding of geology influence Darwin? Knowing that the Earth changed
over time helped Darwin believe life could change as well knowing that the world was very old assured
Darwin that there had been enough time for life to change
22. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed that all organisms have innate tendency toward complexity over
perfection. True
23. How did Lamarck propose that species change over time? Lamarck proposed that by selective use or
disuse of organs organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime. These traits could then
be passed on to their offspring
24. How did Lamarck pave the way for the work of later biologists? He was one of the first to develop a
scientific theory of evolution and realize that organisms are adapted to their environment
25. What are two true things about Thomas Malthus? He was an important influence on Darwin and
believed that death and famine is inevitable because of increase of population than food supplies
26. The overwhelming majority of the species Offspring survive. False
27. Differences among individuals of a species. Natural variation
28. What is true about artificial selection? It is also called selective breeding. It occurs when humans select
natural variations they find useful. A produces organisms that look very different from their ancestors.
29. Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival. Adaptation
30. Adaptations can be physical characteristics but not more complex features such as Behavior. False
31. The principle that living species descended with changes from other species over time. Descent with
modification
32. Descent with modification implies that all living organisms are related to one another. True
33. What are the four things evidence for evolution can be found? The fossil record, Geographic
distribution of living species, Homologous body structures and the Similarities in early development or
embryos.
34. Structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues.
Homologous structures
35. Homologous structures provide strong evidence that all four limbs animals with backbones have
descended with modifications from common ancestors. True
36. Organs that are so reduced in size which were traces of homologous organs in other species. Vestigial
organs/ structure
37. What are the parts of Darwin's theory of evolution? Variation in nature, struggle for existence and
species change over time.
38. Darwin believed that all organisms on Earth are united into a single Tree of Life by ____. Common
descent
39. Change over time. Evolution
Homologous

The kind of structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues

Adaptation

Any inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

Fossils

The preserved remains of ancient organisms

Theory

A well-supported explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

Natural

Type of selection that increases an organism's Fitness in its environment

Vestigial

The kind of organs that are so reduced in size that they are just traces of homologous organs in other
species

Common

The type of descent that explains why all species are linked in a single tree of life