Stephan Arepag

Roll No : 12
Sub : Tableau

Q.1 What is mean by Tableau? Explain the tableau features?

Ans :- Tableau is a powerful and fastest growing data visualization tool used in the
Business Intelligence Industry. It helps in simplifying raw data in a very easily
understandable format. Tableau helps create the data that can be understood by
professionals at any level in an organization. It also allows non-technical users to
create customized dashboards. Data analysis is very fast with Tableau tool and the
visualizations created are in the form of dashboards and worksheets.
1. Informative Dashboards : Tableau Dashboards combine images, visual
objects, text, and other components to present a comprehensive view of your data.
Dashboards are extremely useful because they may provide data in the form of
stories, allow for the inclusion of various views and objects, offer a range of
layouts and styles, and allow users to apply appropriate filters. You may even
effortlessly duplicate a dashboard or its individual features from one worksheet to
another.
2. Supports numerous data sources : You may connect to and fetch data
from a variety of data sources using Tableau. Tableau supports a wide range of
data sources, including local files, spreadsheets, relational and non-relational
databases, data warehouses, big data, and on-cloud data. Any of Tableau’s data
sources may be readily connected and combined with data from other sources to
generate a
combinatorial perspective of data in the form of visuals. Tableau also supports a
variety of data connections, including Presto, MemSQL, Google Analytics, Google
Sheets, Cloudera, Hadoop, Amazon Athena, Salesforce, SQL Server, Dropbox, and
a number of others.
3. Connectivity with Live and In-Memory Data : Tableau offers in-memory
data connection to both live and external data sources. This allows the user to
freely combine data from several types of data sources. By creating live data
connections, you may consume data straight from the data source or maintain data
in memory by extracting data from a data source as needed. Tableau offers
additional data connections capabilities including automated extract refreshes,
notification of a live connection failure, and so forth.
4. Provides Great Security : Tableau takes extra precautions to protect data
and users. For data connections and user access, it features a fail-safe security
system based on authentication and authorization mechanisms. Tableau also allows
you to connect to other security protocols like Active Directory and Kerberos.
Tableau employs row-level filtering, which aids in the security of the data.
5. Easy Collaboration & Sharing : Tableau provides easy ways for users to
communicate with one another and exchange data in real-time in the form of
visualizations, sheets, dashboards, and so on. It enables you to securely
communicate data from a variety of data sources, including on-premise, cloud,
hybrid, and so on. Instant and simple cooperation and data sharing aid in obtaining
immediate assessments or input on data, resulting in a more comprehensive study.
6. Provides a Mobile Version : Tableau recognizes the importance of mobile
phones in today’s society and offers a mobile version of the app. Dashboards and
reports may be created in a mobile-friendly format. Tableau allows you to adjust
mobile layouts for your dashboard based on your mobile device. Customization
allows you to add new phone layouts, interactive offline previews, and more. As a
result, the mobile view provides Tableau users with a great deal of flexibility and
convenience while working with their data on the move.
7. Advanced Visualization Capabilities : Tableau’s wide range of
visualizations is one of the primary elements that has contributed to its success.
Tableau allows you to create visualizations as simple as a bar chart or a pie chart,
as well as more complex ones like a histogram, Gantt chart, Bullet chart, Motion
chart, Treemap, Boxplot, and many others. By selecting the visualization type from
the Show Me menu, you can simply pick and create any form of visualization.
8. Availability of Maps : The map is yet another key aspect of Tableau.
Tableau comes with a lot of pre-installed map data, including cities, postal codes,
administrative borders, and so on. As a result, Tableau’s maps are extremely
comprehensive and insightful. You may customize the geological layers on the
map to meet your needs, and use Tableau to generate meaningful maps with your
data. Heat maps, Flow maps, Choropleth maps, Point distribution maps, and more
types of maps are accessible in Tableau.
9. The Ask Data Tool : Tableau’s Ask data tool has increased its popularity
among users all around the world. This tool simplifies data manipulation by
allowing us to conduct basic Google searches. Tableau will give you the most
relevant replies if you just enter a question about your data in natural language.
The responses are presented not just as text but also as graphics. For example, if
what you’re looking for is already in a bar graph, the Ask data option will search
for it and open it for you right now. Users may simply go deep into data and
uncover new insights and patterns thanks to capabilities like these.
10. Trend Lines & Predictive Analysis : The use of time series and forecasting
by Tableau is another really useful feature. Creating trend lines and forecasts is
straightforward with Tableau’s powerful backend and dynamic front end. To
acquire data predictions such as a forecast or a trend line, just pick particular
parameters and drag-and-drop operations employing your concerned fields.

Q.2 What is mean by filter? Explain how many types of filters are available in
Tableau?
Ans :- Tableau lets you filter individual views or entire data sources based on
dimensions, measures, or sets. In databases, filtering is a useful way to see only the
data you want to see. When the data is visualized in a readable, actionable format,
Tableau filters are required to highlight any underlying insights that can be derived
from it.
Tableau filters are based on a condition that can be used to limit the number of
records in the database. Tableau filters support both simple cases based on field
values and advanced calculations or context-based filters. The Tableau filter you
choose, or a combination of Tableau filters, is largely determined by what you
want to limit your data set to.
Types of Tableau Filters
Tableau filters can be used to organize and visualize data based on predefined
criteria in several ways. Tableau has a total of six different types of filters:
Extract Filter
Data Source Filter
Context Filter
Dimension Filter
Measure Filter
User Filter

1.Extract Filter : The Tableau filter that extracts a small subset of data from the
original data source is the extract filter. If the user extracts data from the data
source, this Tableau filter is used.
After connecting the text file to Tableau, you’ll see two options in the top right
corner of the data source tab: Live and Extract. A direct connection to a data source
is referred to as a live connection. And the extract connection takes the data from
the data source and saves it to the Tableau repository as a local copy.
2.Data Source Filter : The Tableau Filter that applies the filter directly to the data
source, allowing for quick uploads of data is the Data Source Filter. It can limit the
number of records in the data set. Both live and extracted connections are
supported by the Data Source Filter.
3.Context Filter : A Context Filter is a standalone Tableau filter that can create a
new dataset from the original data set and compute the worksheet selections.
Context Filters are used to boost the performance of data source views, filters, and
queries. You could run a context filter before any other Tableau Filters, and then
apply the remaining filters on top of the data returned after context filtering.
To make a Context Filter, go to the context menu of an existing categorical filter
and select Add to Context. Once the view is created, the context is calculated. The
context is then used to calculate all other filters. Consider using a data source like
Sample-superstore to find the top 10 subcategories of products in the Furniture
category.
Context filter is created because:
Improve Performance: Queries will take a long time to run if you want to use a lot
of filters or if your data source is large. In this case, you can improve performance
by using one or more context filters.
Create a Dependent Numerical or Top N Filter: You can arrange a numerical or top
N filter after setting a context filter to include only the data of interest.
4.Dimension Filter : In Tableau, dimensions are independent fields, typically any
field that contains categorical or qualitative data. Dimension Filters are those
Tableau Filters that are applied to dimensional data. It’s a non-aggregated filter that
allows you to add a dimension, group, sets, and bins. The top or bottom conditions,
wildcard match, and formula can all be used to apply a Dimension Filter. This
Tableau filter can be used to include or exclude members from a dimension from
the list.
5.Measure Filter : The Tableau Filter that can be used to filter data based on the
values in a measure is called the Measure Filter. Fields containing quantitative data
are commonly referred to as measures. The data can be modified using the
aggregated measure values in a Measure Filter.
6.User Filter : The Tableau filter that protects the row-level data in a dataset is the
User Filter. When the workbook is published on a server, it can be used. For
different users, different filtering conditions can be used. It’s the process of
limiting what data a user can see depending on who’s looking at the dashboard.

Q.3 What is data visualization? Define Tree Map?

Ans :- Data visualization is the representation of data through use of common
graphics, such as charts, plots, infographics, and even animations. These visual
displays of information communicate complex data relationships and data-driven
insights in a way that is easy to understand.
Data visualization can be utilized for a variety of purposes, and it’s important to
note that is not only reserved for use by data teams. Management also leverages it
to convey organizational structure and hierarchy while data analysts and data
scientists use it to discover and explain patterns and trends. Harvard Business
Review (link resides outside IBM) categorizes data visualization into four key
purposes: idea generation, idea illustration, visual discovery, and everyday dataviz.
We’ll delve deeper into these below:
Idea generation : Data visualization is commonly used to spur idea generation
across teams. They are frequently leveraged during brainstorming or Design
Thinking sessions at the start of a project by supporting the collection of different
perspectives and highlighting the common concerns of the collective. While these
visualizations are usually unpolished and unrefined, they help set the foundation
within the project to ensure that the team is aligned on the problem that they’re
looking to address for key stakeholders.
Idea illustration : Data visualization for idea illustration assists in conveying an
idea, such as a tactic or process. It is commonly used in learning settings, such as
tutorials, certification courses, centers of excellence, but it can also be used to
represent organization structures or processes, facilitating communication between
the right individuals for specific tasks. Project managers frequently use Gantt
charts and waterfall charts to illustrate workflows. Data modeling also uses
abstraction to represent and better understand data flow within an enterprise’s
information system, making it easier for developers, business analysts, data
architects, and others to understand the relationships in a database or data
warehouse.
Visual discovery : Visual discovery and every day data viz are more closely
aligned with data teams. While visual discovery helps data analysts, data scientists,
and other data professionals identify patterns and trends within a dataset, every day
data viz supports the subsequent storytelling after a new insight has been found.
Data visualization : Data visualization is a critical step in the data science process,
helping teams and individuals convey data more effectively to colleagues and
decision makers. Teams that manage reporting systems typically leverage defined
template views to monitor performance. However, data visualization isn’t limited
to performance dashboards. For example, while text mining an analyst may use a
word cloud to to capture key concepts, trends, and hidden relationships within this
unstructured data. Alternatively, they may utilize a graph structure to illustrate
relationships between entities in a knowledge graph. There are a number of ways to
represent different types of data, and it’s important to remember that it is a skillset
that should extend beyond your core analytics team.
Treemaps are ideal for displaying large amounts of hierarchically structured
(treestructured) data. The space in the visualization is split up into rectangles that
are sized and ordered by a quantitative variable.
The levels in the hierarchy of the treemap are visualized as rectangles containing
other rectangles. Each set of rectangles on the same level in the hierarchy
represents a column or an expression in a data table. Each individual rectangle on a
level in the hierarchy represents a category in a column. For example, a rectangle
representing a continent may contain several rectangles representing countries in
that continent. Each rectangle representing a country may in turn contain rectangles
representing cities in these countries. You can create a treemap hierarchy directly
in the visualization, or use an already defined hierarchy. To learn more, see the
section To Create a Treemap Hierarchy.
A number of different algorithms can be used to determine how the rectangles in a
treemap should be sized and ordered. The treemap in Spotfire uses a squarified
algorithm.
The rectangles in the treemap range in size from the top left corner of the
visualization to the bottom right corner, with the largest rectangle positioned in the
top left corner and the smallest rectangle in the bottom right corner. For
hierarchies, that is, when the rectangles are nested, the same ordering of the
rectangles is repeated for each rectangle in the treemap. This means that the size,
and thereby also position, of a rectangle that contains other rectangles is decided by
the sum of the areas of the contained rectangles.

Q.4 What is mean by Tableau? Explain the Tableau Design Flow?

Ans :- Tableau is a powerful and fastest growing data visualization tool used in the
Business Intelligence Industry. It helps in simplifying raw data in a very easily
understandable format. Tableau helps create the data that can be understood by
professionals at any level in an organization. It also allows non-technical users to
create customized dashboards. Data analysis is very fast with Tableau tool and the
visualizations created are in the form of dashboards and worksheets.
As Tableau helps in analyzing lots of data over diverse time periods, dimensions,
and measures, it needs a very meticulous planning to create a good dashboard or
story. Hence, it is important to know the approach to design a good dashboard.
Like any other field of human endeavor, there are many best practices to be
followed to create good worksheets and dashboards.
Though the final outcome expected from a Tableau project is ideally a dashboard
with story, there are many intermediate steps which needs to be completed to reach
this goal. Following is a flow diagram of design steps that should be ideally
followed to create effective dashboards.

Connect to Data Source

Tableau connects to all popular data sources. It has inbuilt connectors which take
care of establishing the connection, once the connection parameters are supplied.
Be it simple text files, relational sources, SQL sources or cloud data bases, Tableau
connects to nearly every data source.
Build Data Views
After connecting to a data source, you get all the column and data available in the
Tableau environment. You classify them as dimensions and measures, and create
any hierarchy required. Using these you build views, which are traditionally known
as Reports. Tableau provides easy drag and drop feature to build views.
Enhance the Views
The views created above needs to be enhanced further by the use of filters,
aggregations, labeling of axes, formatting of colors and borders, etc.
Create Worksheets
Create different worksheets to create different views on the same or different data.
Create and Organize Dashboards
Dashboards contain multiple worksheets which are linked. Hence, the action in any
of the worksheet can change the result in the dashboard accordingly.
Create a Story
A story is a sheet that contains a sequence of worksheets or dashboards that work
together to convey information. You can create stories to show how facts are
connected, provide context, demonstrate how decisions relate to outcomes, or
simply make a compelling case.

Q.5 What is the difference between a Live Connection and an extract?

Ans :-
Live Connection :
• This allows real time data for analysis from available data source.
• It is also known as real time Extract A live connection is a query that
underlying data in the data source/database.
• When we refresh the visualisation that gives the latest results.
• Data is not copied to Tableau Server for preprocessing.
• Is a connection with a dynamic database
• Users don’t have to refresh as this connection will query underlying data
from the source
• Since data is called from the source, no data is stored for pre-processing
Extract:
• This allow real time data to copied into Tableau as Extract and perform our
analysis, we can also Schedule data to be Extracted on a regular Interval.
• An Extract is a connection with static database, which is refreshed on a
specific period of time.
• All data used to copied from the data source to Tableau Server.
• Refreshing the data source or Visualization will not give you the latest data,
we need to refresh the extract to get latest data.
 • Is a connection with a static database
• User has to manually refresh to update the data set
• Data is copied from Data Source to local Tableau Server

Q.6 Short Notes

A. What is the Difference Between .twbx and .twb?

Ans :- A twbx is a ‘zipped‘ archive containing a .twb and any external files such as
extracts and background images.
A .twbx file is a Tableau Packaged Workbook, meaning it is the original .twb file
grouped together with the datasource (s) in one package. .twbx files can be
considered analogous to specialized zip files, in which these “zip” files contain all
the information necessary to work in Tableau. The primary advantage to
using .twbx files is that analysis can be performed without network/internet
connections to your data because your data is already present on your computer in
this packaged file.
A twb is an xml document which contains all the selections and layout made you
have made in your Tableau workbook. It does not contain any data.
The .twb file alone is not enough to perform any analysis because it only contains
Tableau’s instructions for interacting with a datasource. In actuality, .twb files are
XML files specially tailored to interact with datasources. They are custom built to
make the awesome visualizations that Tableau generates. Here you can see a
picture of a .twb file opened in Notepad++

B. Which visualization will be used in the given Scenarios?

Ans :- Data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data.
By using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps, data visualization tools
provide an accessible way to see and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in
data. Additionally, it provides an excellent way for employees or business owners
to present data to non-technical audiences without confusion.
In the world of Big Data, data visualization tools and technologies are essential to
analyze massive amounts of information and make data-driven decisions.

Advantages
Our eyes are drawn to colors and patterns. We can quickly identify red from blue,
and squares from circles. Our culture is visual, including everything from art and
advertisements to TV and movies. Data visualization is another form of visual art
that grabs our interest and keeps our eyes on the message. When we see a chart, we
quickly see trends and outliers. If we can see something, we internalize it quickly.
It’s storytelling with a purpose. If you’ve ever stared at a massive spreadsheet of
data and couldn’t see a trend, you know how much more effective a visualization
can be.
Some other advantages of data visualization include:

• Easily sharing information.

• Interactively explore opportunities.
• Visualize patterns and relationships.

Disadvantages
While there are many advantages, some of the disadvantages may seem less
obvious. For example, when viewing a visualization with many different
datapoints, it’s easy to make an inaccurate assumption. Or sometimes the
visualization is just designed wrong so that it’s biased or confusing.
Some other disadvantages include:

• Biased or inaccurate information.

• Correlation doesn’t always mean causation.
• Core messages can get lost in translation.

C. How do you make the webpage Dynamic.

Ans :- A key step in designing any website—whether static or dynamic—is the
visual design of the page. When adding dynamic elements to a web page, the
design of the page becomes crucial to its usability. You should carefully consider
how users will interact with both individual pages and the website as a whole.
A common method of incorporating dynamic content into a web page is to create a
table to present content, and import dynamic content into one or more of the table’s
cells. Using this method you can present information of various types in a
structured format.
Create a source of dynamic content.
Dynamic websites require a content source from which to extract data before they
can display it on a web page. Before you can use content sources in a web page,
you must do the following:
Create a connection to the dynamic content source (such as a database) and the
application server processing the page. Create the data source by using the
Bindings panel; then you can select and insert the data source in the page.
Specify what information in the database you want to display, or what variables to
include in the page by creating a recordset. You can also test the query from within
the Recordset dialog box, and make any needed adjustments before adding it to the
Bindings panel.
Select and insert dynamic content elements into the selected page.
Add dynamic content to a web page.
After you define a recordset or other data source, and add it to the Bindings panel,
you can insert the dynamic content the recordset represents into the page. The
Dreamweaver menu-driven interface makes adding dynamic content elements as
easy as selecting a dynamic content source from the Bindings panel, and inserting
it into an appropriate text, image, or form object within the current page.
When you insert a dynamic content element or other server behavior into a page,
Dreamweaver inserts a server-side script into the page’s source code. This script
instructs the server to retrieve data from the defined data source and render it
within the web page. To place dynamic content within a web page, you can do one
of the following:
Place it at the insertion point in either Code or Design view.
Replace a text string or other placeholder.
Insert it into an HTML attribute. For example, dynamic content can define the src
attribute of an image or the value attribute of a form field.
Test and debug the page.
Before making a dynamic page—or an entire website—available on the web, you
should test its functionality. You should also consider how your application’s
functionality might affect people with disabilities.