Yu Chen

HP 170
Chapter 4 Review
Define each of the terms listed.
    1.(LO 4-2) Standard Precautions All patients are considered potentially infectious with blood-borne pathogens. Examples are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
    2.(LO 4-5) Aspirate While the needle is fully inserted, pull back slightly on the plunger.
    3.(LO 4-3) Viscous liquid that are thick and sticky are described as viscous
    4.(LO 4-3) Aqueous Liquids that are thin and watery are described as aqueous
    5.(LO 4-6) Intravenous therapy is the administration of fluids, electrolytes, medications, blood, or even nutrients through a vein.
Answer the questions in the space provided.
    6.(LO 4-3) Identify the parts of a syringe and needle on the drawings.

tip barrel flange

plunger

Point/lumen-bevel

Needle cover shaft hub

Yu Chen
HP 170

    7.(LO 4-3) These syringes are filled with measured amounts of medication. Tell the exact dose in each.

2.2 ml

48 units/0.48 ml
0.05 ml
    8.(LO 4-3) In question 7, name the type of syringe shown in each case.
a. Standard hypodermic_
b. Tuberculin
c. Insulin
    9.(LO 4-5) Summarize what you have learned about parenteral routes and equipment by filling in the blanks in the table.
   Intradermal    Subcutaneous    Intramuscular
pass just below the epidermis into the dermis through the epidermis and the muscle
a. Injected into
and be inserted to a depth of 1/16 to 1/8 inch dermis, into the subcutaneous tissue.
(name tissue
layer)
Yu Chen
HP 170

b. Type of syringe _tuberculin Standard hypodermic Standard

hypodermic
or prefilled
c. Needle length 0.1ml – 0.2 ml 2-3ml Up to 3 ml
d. Needle gauge 25G-26G,1/8 inch 25G, 5/8 inch 21G-23G, 1-1,1/2
inch
e. Angle of entry 5-15 degree 45-90 degree 90 degree

  10.(LO 4-1) List at least three reasons that a provider might order a drug to be given by the parenteral route.
1. It is used when other routes would be ineffective or impractical.
2. Certain drugs that can be destroyed by digestive enzymes are given by the parenteral route so that they remain effective.
3. Injections are also given when patients cannot take oral medications because of difficulty swallowing, nausea or vomiting, intestinal obstructions, or
unconsciousness. 
  11.(LO 4-5) What does it mean to aspirate before injecting medication? Why is this done?
While the needle is fully inserted, pull back slightly on the plunger. This is called aspirating. It is a safety check to make sure that the needle has
not entered a blood vessel.
  12.(LO 4-5) What should you do if you see blood in the syringe when you aspirate?
If the needle has entered a vessel, however, blood will become visible in the syringe as you pull the plunger. If this happens, remove the needle,
discard the medication and syringe, and repeat the procedure.
 13.(LO 4-6) List five classifications of intravenous solutions.
crystalloids, colloids, hydrating solutions, hypertonic-hyperosmolar preparations, and blood or blood components.
  14.(LO 4-6) Name two indications for intravenous therapy.
fluid volume maintenance and replacement therapy
  15.(LO 4-6) List three symptoms of a phlebitis.
Redness, warmth, discomfort along the vein

Match sites of injection to routes of injection.

  16. _______d________ (LO 4-5)Anterior thigh, upper a. intramuscular back under

outer arm, abdomen, upper shoulder blades
  17. _____a__________ (LO 4-5)Vastus lateralis, deltoid, b. intravenous
Yu Chen
HP 170

dorsogluteal, ventrogluteal
  18. ____c___________ (LO 4-5)Inner lower arm, upper c. intradermal shoulder blades
chest, upper back under
  19. ____b___________ (LO 4-6)Veins of arms and legs d. subcutaneous

Complete the statements by filling in the blanks.

  20.(LO 4-5) Injections in the buttock area must be placed very carefully to avoid the gluteal arteries and the sciatic nerve.
 21.(LO 4-5) When you are holding the needle and syringe at the proper angle to the skin, the bevel should be facing up (down or up).
  22.(LO 4-4) Before drawing up a measured amount of medication from a vial, inject an equal amount of air into the vial.
  23.(LO 4-4) The neck of an ampule must be placed a small gauze pad or alcohol swab to protect your fingers before use.
  24.(LO 4-4) After reconstituting a powdered drug in a multiple-dose vial, write the _time_, _date__, and _medication_ on the label.
  25.(LO 4-6) Hypertonic solutions cause fluids to be pulled out of the intracellular and interstitial
compartments into the blood vessels, raising serum osmolarity.

Place a T in the blank if the statement is true. Place an F in the blank if the statement is false.
____T____  26.(LO 4-6) The most common hypertonic intravenous solution is 0.45% NaCl.
____T____  27.(LO 4-6) Potassium chloride is a medication that may be irritating to the vein when infused intravenously.
____T____  28.(LO 4-3) Dispose of injection equipment into a puncture-resistant container.
_____T____  29.(LO 4-6) Lactated Ringer’s solution is administered with burns and gastrointestinal losses.
____T____  30.(LO 4-6) Circulatory overload occurs when too much of an IV solution is administered.

Multiple Choice—Circle the correct letter.

  31.(LO 4-6) A patient with an intravenous solution has edema at the IV site. What complication of IV therapy do you suspect?
a. Speed shock
b. Air embolism
c. Pyrogenic reaction
d. Local infiltration
  32.(LO 4-6) 0.45% NaCl has been hung for which of the following conditions?
a. Hypotonic dehydration
b. Calorie replacement
Yu Chen
HP 170
c. Gastric fluid loss due to nasogastric suctioning or vomiting
d. Hypernatremia
  33.(LO 4-5) What drug must you administer by Z-track intramuscular injection?
a. Iron dextran
b. Meperidine (Demerol)
c. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
d. Cobalamin (vitamin B12)
  34.(LO 4-5) It is critical that you do what after the administration of penicillin?
a. Administer an increased fluid intake
b. Take the patient’s blood pressure
c. Observe and stay with the patient
d. Massage the area where the drug was administered
  35.(LO 4-6) A patient develops redness and edema at the IV site. You should report this as which of the following?
a. Circulatory overload
b. Thrombophlebitis
c. Air embolism
d. Local infiltration