‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫الحمد هلل الصالة والسالم على رسوله الكريم‬

Words are of four types with regards to its original letter formation.

1. ‫الصحيح‬: that word which does not have amongst its original letters …
… any of the ‫ ي(حروف العلة‬- ‫)و – ا‬
… a ‫)ء(همزة‬
… two of the same letters.
e.g. ‫ص َر‬
َ َ‫ن‬ ‫َر ُجل‬

2. ‫المهموز‬: that word which has amongst its original letters a ‫همزة‬.
e.g. ‫أ َ َم َر‬ ‫أ َ ْمر‬

3. ‫المضاعف‬: that word which has amongst its original letters two of the same letters.
e.g. ‫س َبب‬
َ

4. ‫المعتل‬: that word which has amongst its original letters a ‫حرف علة‬.
e.g. ‫ع َد‬
َ ‫َو‬

‫أقسام الفعل‬
VERBS AND THEIR TYPES

The verbs with regards to the make up of its root letters have been confined to seven types. They are as
follows: -

1. ‫الفعل الصحيح‬: A verb which does not have :-

• a ‫همزة‬in its root letters.
• a ‫ )و ا ي(حروف العلة‬as one of its root letters.
• And does not have two consecutive letters of some kind as its root letters.
Examples: ‫َب‬ َ ‫ َكت‬, ‫سمِ َع‬
َ , ‫ضرب‬

❖ Another name for ‫ صحيح‬is ‫سالم‬.

2. ‫الفعل المهموز‬: The verb in which one of the root letters is a ‫همزة‬, ‫مهموز‬is further divided into 3
kinds.
2.1. ‫ مهموز الفاء‬- A verb having a ‫همزة‬in the ‫فاء الكلمة‬of its root letter.
Example: - ‫أ َ َم َر‬, َ‫أ َ َخذ‬
2.2. ‫ –مهموز العين‬A verb having a ‫همزة‬in the ‫عين الكلمة‬of its root letter.
Example: - ‫سأ َ َل‬َ , ‫سأ َ َم‬
َ
2.3. ‫مهموزالالم‬A verb having a ‫همزة‬in the ‫الم الكلمة‬of its root letter.
Example: - َ ‫قَ َرأ‬, َ ‫شأ‬
َ َ‫ن‬
 3. ‫معتل الفاء المثال‬- :- A verb which has a ‫حرف العلة‬in the ‫فاء الكلمة‬of its root letter.
Example: - ‫ع َد‬
َ ‫و‬,َ ‫َب‬ َ ‫َوه‬
4. ‫األجوف –األجوف‬:- A verb which has a ‫حرف العلة‬in the ‫عين الكلمة‬of its root letter.
Example: - ‫ع(بَيَ َع‬ َ ‫)بَا‬, َ‫) َكانَ (ك ََون‬
5. ‫معتل الالم –الناقص‬:- A verb which has a ‫حرف العلة‬in the ‫الم الكلمة‬of its root letter.
6. ‫اللفيف‬: A verb that has 2 ‫حرف العلة‬in its root letter. The ‫اللفيف‬is further divided into 2.
6.1. ‫اللفيف المفروق‬: - That verb in which the ‫فاء الكلمة‬and ‫الم الكلمة‬are ‫حرف العلة‬.
Example: - ‫وقَى‬, َ ‫َولَى‬
6.2. ‫اللفيف المقرون‬:- That verb in which the ‫عين الكلمة‬or ‫ الم الكلمة‬are ‫حرف العلة‬.
Example: - ‫ط َوى‬ َ ,‫ي‬ َ ‫قَ ِو‬

7. ‫المضاعف‬:- A verb in which there are 2 consecutive letters of the same kind.
Example: ‫ َج َد َد( َج َّد‬,) ‫) َدقَقَ ( َد َّق‬

Note: It is possible that some ‫أفعال‬may fall under 2 kinds

Example 01: ‫َو َّد‬
- ‫مضاعف‬: because of the 2 "‫"د‬
- ‫مثال‬: because of the “‫ ”و‬in the ‫فاء الكلمة‬.

Example 02: ‫ِس‬

َ ‫يَئ‬
- ‫مثال‬: because of the letter ‫ياء‬in the ‫فاء الكلمة‬
- ‫مهموز‬: because of the ‫همزة‬in the ‫عين الكلمة‬.

KINDS OF CHANGES

Whenever the Arabs found difficulty in the pronunciations of the ‫غير صحيح‬verbs they brought about
changes in it in order to remove the difficulty.

There are 3 types of changes:

1. ‫التخفيف‬
2. ‫اإلدغام‬
3. ‫التعليل‬

‫ –التخفيف‬Means to change a ‫همزة‬with an appropriate ‫حرف العلة‬or to drop off the ‫همزة‬
completely.
Example: َ‫ أَأْ َمنَ –آ َمن‬/ ‫ا ُ ْو ُم ْر –اُأْ ُم ْر‬/ ‫ ِإإْ َمان‬- ‫ٍإ ْي َمان‬

‫اُأْ ُخ ْذ – ُخ ْذ‬

This change take place normally in ‫مهموز‬.

‫ –اإلدغام‬Means to join two letters of the same kind or 2 letters of the same ‫مخرج‬.
 Example: ‫فَ َّر –فَ َر َر‬ َ - ‫عبَدت ُّ ْم‬
‫عبَ ْدتُم‬ َ
‫اإلدغام‬: Normally takes place in ‫المضاعف‬.

‫ –التعليل‬Means to change one ‫حرف العلة‬for another, or to drop off the ‫حرف العلة‬completely.

Example: ‫قَا َل‬- ‫قَ َو َل‬ ‫يَعِد –يَ ْو ِع ُد‬

‫التعليل‬- Normally takes place in ‫المعتل‬and ‫اللفيف‬.