GLOSSARY OF

ARABIC GRAMMAR TERMS

Hollow Verb (Middle is a weak letter) ‫اﻷﺟ َﻮف‬ ْ
The Definite Article ‫ﻌ ِﺮﻳﻒ‬‫أَدةُ اﻟﺘـ‬
ْ َ
The Prepositions ‫ﺣﺮوف اﳉﺮ‬
َّ ُُ
The particles (conditional Pronouns which introduce the verb in the Jussive Case. ‫أَدوات اﳉﺰم‬
َ
The Jussive Case (w/ verbs) ‫اﳉَﺰم‬
The particles which introduce the verb in Accusative Case. ‫ﺼﺐ‬‫أدوات اﻟﻨ‬
ْ َ
Noun/ Nouns. ‫َﲰﺎء‬ ِ
ٌ َْ ‫ أ‬/ ‫إ ْﺳ ٌﻢ‬
(‫ ذُو‬,‫ ﻓﻮ‬,‫ ﲪﻮ‬, ‫ أخ‬,‫)أﺑﻮ‬The Five Nouns ‫اﻷﲰﺎء اﳋﻤﺴﺔ‬
ُ َْ
The Interrogative Pronouns. ‫َﲰﺎء اﻹﺳﺘِﻔﻬﺎم‬
ْ ُ َْ ‫أ‬
The Demonstrative Pronouns. ‫َﲰﺎء اﻹﺷﺎرة‬
ُ َْ ‫أ‬
ِ ‫إِﺳﻢ‬
Active Participle ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
ُْ
Passive Participle. ‫إﺳﻢ اﳌﻔﻌﻮل‬
ُ
The Relative Pronouns. ‫ﻹﲰﺎء اﳌﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ‬
ُ ُ ِ‫ا‬
Conditional ‫ﺮط‬ْ ‫اﻟﺸ‬
Conditional Phrase. ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺷﺮﻃﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﲨﻠﺔ‬
Conditional Particle. ‫أ ََداة َﺷﺮط‬
A Genetive Construction ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓَﺔ‬
َ
The vowel of the last consonant in a verb or noun is dynamic. Inflective,
declinable
‫اﳌ ْﻌَﺮب‬
ُ
The Imperfect verb with (you feminine singular, you masculine dual, they masc.
Dual, you masc. Plural, they masc. Plural)
‫اﳋﻤﺴﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺎل‬
ُ ‫اﻷَﻓْـ َﻌ‬
Comperative & Superlative ‫أَﻓْـ َﻌ َﻞ‬
 Feminine Noun ending with Alif & ‫ﺄْﻧِﻴﺖ‬‫أﻟِﻒ اﻟﺘ‬
)‫ﺻ ْﺤَﺮاء‬
َ Hamzah ( ‫اﳌﻤﺪودة‬
)‫ى‬Feminine Noun ending with ( ‫ﺄْﻧِﻴﺖ‬‫أﻟِﻒ اﻟﺘ‬
....... ‫ َﺳﻠْﻤﻰ‬, ‫ُﺣْﺒـﻠَﻰ‬
‫اﳌﻘﺼﻮرة‬
Substitute ‫اﻟﺒﺪل‬
The end of a word, noun, verb or particle is static. Some employs the term
“indeclension”.
‫اﳌﺒﲏ‬
The Diminutive Pattern. ‫ﺼﻐِ ْﲑ‬ْ ‫أﻟﺘ‬
The Verbal Exclamatory Style. ‫ﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺘـ‬
An Accusative of specification & comparison & measurement. ‫ﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ْ ‫اﻟﺘ‬
"Nunation" (duplicate vowel of the last consonant). ‫ـْﻨ ِﻮﻳْﻦ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬
Added word for emphasis. ‫ﻮﻛِْﻴﺪ‬ْ ‫اﻟﺘـ‬
Comperative & Superlative ‫ﻀْﻴﻞ‬ ِ ‫ـ ْﻔ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬
Genetive (with nouns). ‫ ﳎﺮور‬/‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﳉﺮ‬
َّ
Jussive (with verbs) ‫ﳎﺰوم‬/‫اﳉﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟَﺔ‬
ٌ ُ َْ
Plural ‫ﲨَْ ٌﻊ‬
Broken Plural ‫ْﺴﲑ‬ ِ
ْ ‫َﲨﻊ ﺗَﻜ‬
Masculine Sound Plural ‫ﺎﱂ‬ ِ ‫ﻛﺮ ﺳ‬ ‫ﲨﻊ ﻣ َﺬ‬
َ ُ َْ
Feminine Sound Plural ‫ﺚ ﺳﺎﱂ‬‫ﲨﻊ ﻣﺆﻧ‬
َُ
Equential Sentence (Nominal) ‫ﺔ‬‫ﲰﻴ‬ ِْ ِ‫ﲨﻠﺔ إ‬
Verbal Sentence ‫ﺔ‬‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴ‬ ُ
Haal Accusative ‫اﳊَﺎل‬
The preposition ‫ﺮف اﳉﺮ‬
َّ ُ ‫َﺣ‬
The Ten Letters (one or more added to the Root of the Verb to derive different
meanings.
‫ﻳﺎدة‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬‫ﺣﺮوف اﻟ‬
 ) ‫ ا‬, ‫ ه‬, ‫ ي‬, ‫ ن‬,‫ و‬, ‫ م‬,‫ ت‬, ‫ ل‬, ‫ أ‬, ‫(س‬
ِ ) ‫ﺳﺄَﻟْﺘﻤﻮﻧِﻴـﻬﺎ‬
(‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ‬ َ ْ ُُ َ
The conjunctions. ‫ُﺣﺮوف اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬
The Alphabet. ‫ﺣﺮوف اﳍِﺠﺎء‬
َ
The Predicate ‫اﳋﱪ‬
Nominative ( Verbs & Nouns). ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬ / ‫ﺮﻓﻊ‬‫َﺣﺎﻟَﺔ اﻟ‬
Absence of Vowels ‫ﻜﻮن‬
ُ‫ﺳ‬ ِ
ُ / ‫َﺳﺎﻛ ٌﻦ‬
Prepositional Phrase ‫ﺷﺒﻪ اﳉﻤﻠَﺔ‬ ِ
ُْ ُْ
Relative Pronoun /‫ﺼﻠَﺔ‬  ‫أﲰَﺎء اﻟ‬ْ
‫ﺻﻮﻟَﺔ‬ُ ‫اﻷﲰﺎء اﳌَْﻮ‬
Attributive Relative Clause ُ‫اﻟﺺ ِ◌ﻟَﺔ‬

The Personal Pronoun. ِ ‫اﻟﻀ‬
‫ﻤ ْﲑ‬
A proper Noun ‫اﻟﻌﻠَﻢ‬
َ
Subject , (The doer of the verb (comes only after the verb. ِ
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
Imperative ‫ﻓِ ْﻌﻞ أَﻣﺮ‬
The Perfect Tense. ‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﳌ‬ ِ
َ ُ ْ
ِ
)‫ﻓَـ َﻌ َﻞ‬The Triliteral Verb ( ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺜُﻼﺛﻲ‬

An Intransitive Verb ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻼ ِزم‬ ِ

ُْ
A transitive Verb. ‫ي‬‫أﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﳌﺘَـﻌﺪ‬ ِ
َُ ُ ْ
ِ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺛﻼﺛِﻲ ﳎﺮد‬
: unaugmented first stem of a verb‫ﺮد‬‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﳌ َﺠ‬
ُ َُ
augmented derivative first stem of a verb. ِ
‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﳌ ِﺰﻳْﺪ‬
َ ِ
The Imperfect Tense ( indicates present or future Tense). ‫ﻀﺎ ِرع‬َ ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﳌ‬
ُ ِ
The Weak Verb ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﳌ ْﻌﺘَ ّﻞ‬
ُ ِ ِ
Passive verb ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬
ُ
 ‫اﻟﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ اﳌﺒﲏ‬ ِ
Active Verb
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬
Perfect Tense ‫ﺎﺿﻲ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﳌ‬ ِ
َ ُ ْ
La of Negation. ‫ﺎﻓِﻴَﺔ‬‫ﻻ اﻟﻨ‬
Ma of Negation. ‫ﺎﻓِﻴﺔ‬‫َﻣﺎ اﻟﻨ‬
The subject of a Nominal Sentence. ُ‫اﳌْﺒﺘَ َﺪأ‬
ُ
With a static case-ending. ‫اﳌْﺒ ِﲏ‬
َ
Active Voice ‫اﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬ ِ
Passive Voice ‫اﳌﺒ ِﲏ ﻟِْﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬
ُ ْ َ َْ
)‫ ي‬, ‫و‬A Verb starting with ( ‫اﳌﺜﺎل‬
Dual ‫ﲎ‬ ‫اﳌﺜَـ‬
ُ
Exceptive ‫أﳌ ْﺴﺘَﺜْـ َﲎ‬
ُ
Exceptive Particles ‫أَدوات اﻹﺳﺘِﺜْـﻨَﺎء‬
ْ َ
Infinitive / Verbal Noun ‫ﺼ َﺪر‬ ْ َ‫اﳌ‬
Genetive Construction ‫ﺿﺎﻓَﺔ‬ َ ‫ا ِﻹ‬
1st Particle of the construction ‫ﻀﺎف‬ َ ‫اﳌ‬
ُ
2nd Particle of the construction ‫اﳌﻀﺎف إِﻟَﻴ ِﻪ‬
ْ َ
ُ
A Definite Noun ‫ﺮف‬‫اﳌ َﻌ‬
ُ
An Accusative Object. ‫اﳌﻔﻌﻮل ﺑِ ِﻪ‬
ُ
Adverbal Qualification of Time or Place. ‫اﳌ ْﻔﻌُﻮل ﻓِْﻴ ِﻪ‬
َ
Cognate Accusative (The Absolute Object.) ‫ﻮل اﳌﻄْﻠَﻖ‬ ُ ُ ‫اﳌ ْﻔ‬
‫ﻌ‬
ُ َ
(‫ﺔ‬‫)ﻣﻊ واو اﳌﻌِﻴ‬
َ
‫ﻪ‬
َ ََُ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻮل‬ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﻔ‬
ُ َْ ‫اﳌ‬
Adverbal Qualification of Purpose ‫اﳌ ْﻔﻌﻮل ﻟَﻪ‬
ُ َُ
ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ
( ‫ًﺔ َﲦْﻴـﻨَﺔً ﺗَـ ْﻌﺒْﻴـَﺮاً ﻋﻦ ﺗَـ ْﻘﺪﻳْ ِﺮﻩ‬‫أﻋﻄَﺎﻩُ َﻫﺪﻳ‬
ْ )
 )‫ا‬A noun ending with long Vowel ( ‫ﺼﻮر‬ُ ‫أﳌَْﻘ‬
)‫ا‬A noun ending with a long vowel( ‫أﻟْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﺪود‬
).‫ء‬Followed by (
An unnonated noun. ‫ﺼﺮف‬
 ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﳌﻤﻨﻮع ِﻣﻦ‬
)‫ي‬A noun ending with ( ‫اﳌﻨ ُﻘﻮص‬
)‫ﺎﻗِﺺ‬‫ﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻨ‬ َ‫ﺎﻋ ٍﻞ ُﻣ ْﺸﺘ‬
ِ َ‫(إﺳﻢ ﻓ‬
ُْ
Subject of the Predicate (Substitute of the Doer of the Verb) ِ ‫ﻧَﺎﺋِﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ُ
(It comes only with Passive Verbs).
Nisbah (Attributive Form) ‫ﺴﺒَﺔ‬
ْ ‫اﻟﻨ‬
/ ‫ﺼﺐ‬ ْ ‫أﻟﻨ‬
Accusative (w/ nouns )
‫ﺼﻮب‬ ُ ‫َﻣْﻨ‬
Subjunctive (w/verb).
The Adjective. ‫ﻌﺖ‬ْ ‫ أﻟﻨـ‬/‫ﺼ َﻔﺔ‬  ‫أَﻟ‬
A common noun ‫ﻜَﺮة‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻨ‬
of emphasis ‫ن‬ ‫ﻮﻛِْﻴﺪ‬‫ﻧُﻮن اﻟﺘ‬
The feminine plural pronoun ‫ن‬ ‫ﺴ َﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﻧُﻮ ُن اﻟﻨ‬
The masculine Plural Pronoun ‫وا‬ ‫ﺎﻋﺔ‬
َ ‫اﳉﻤ‬ َ ‫َواو‬
The dual pronoun. ‫ا‬ ‫أَﻟِﻒ اﻹﺛْـﻨَـ ْﲔ‬
The you feminine Pronoun. ‫ي‬ ‫ﻳَﺎء اﳌ َﺨﺎﻃَﺒَﺔ‬
ُ
A glottal stop ‫َﳘَْﺰٌة‬
The Pattern of the verb. ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ِ ‫وزن‬