SECURITY

INTRODUCTION:-

 Security is protection from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted coercive change)
caused by others, by restraining the freedom of others to act.
 Security mostly refers to protection from hostile forces, but it has a wide range of other senses.
 The word 'secure' entered the English language in the 16th century. It is derived from Latin securus
meaning freedom from anxiety: se (without) + cura (care, anxiety).
 In India, security are provided to some high-risk individuals by the police and local government.
 Depending on the threat perception to the person.

HISTORY:-
 Security has its concept as the state from being free from danger and threat of the hustle and bustle of
daily life in modern times.
 The Ancient Egyptians were hirers of private security guards and accredited with the creation of
encryption to disguise sensitive information. The Spartans used the transportation cipher, involving the
changeable positions of the letters within documents. In ancient Rome, the emperors had security guards
for personal, family and property security.
 Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd president of the United States, invented the Jefferson disk or wheel
cypher, with a set of wheels or disks, each with 26 letters of the alphabet.
 In the course of World War II, the Enigma code was used as a device with a machine resembling
typewriter using interchangeable rotors and a plug board with many possible settings, which was believed
to be unbreakable by the Nazis.

INDIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY:-

 To ensure a secure and stable India that can guarantee safety and prosperity to its people, India's
national security objectives could be defined as: Protecting India's national sovereignty. Securing
the territorial integrity of India. Promoting India's rise to its rightful place in international
affairs.
 The National Security Council (NSC) (IAST: Rastriya Suraksa Parisad) of India is an executive
government agency tasked with advising the Prime Minister's Office on matters of national
security and strategic interest.
 "National security is an appropriate and aggressive blend of political resilience and maturity, human
resources, economic structure and capacity, technological competence, industrial base and
availability of natural resources and finally the military might." (National Defence College of India,
1996).
TYPES OF NATIONAL SECURITY:-

Physical security

Computer security

Political security

Economic security

Ecological security

Security of energy and natural resources

SECURITY CATEGORIES IN INDIA:-

• SPG is an elite force whose details are classified and only provided to
SPG the Prime Minister of India.

• Z+ category is a security detail of 150 personnel, including 10+ NSG

Z+ commandos and police personnel.

• Z category is a security detail of 55 personnel, including 4-6 NSG

Z commandos and police personnel.

• Y+ category is a security detail of 39 personnel, including 2-4 commandos

Y+ and police personnel.

• Y category is a security detail of 28 personnel, including 1 or 2 commandos

Y and police personnel.

• X category is a security detail of 12 personnel, with no commandos but only

X armed police personnel.
Different categories of security cover

Personal
Number of Total Security
Category Convoy Budget(Cr) ] Current cover
Commandos personnel Officers
(PSO)

592(for FY 20-
SPG Classified Classified Classified Classified 21) Narendra Modi

Arvind Kejriwal,

Sonia Gandhi,
Rahul Gandhi,
Priyanka
Gandhi,
Mukesh Ambani,
Amit Shah,
5+ bulletproof Salman Khan,
~20 Lac /
Z+ 10+ 55 Classified vehicles (mostly Yogi Adityanath,
month
cars/vans)
Uma Bharti,
Rajnath Singh,
M. K. Stalin,
Uddhav
Thackeray,
N. Chandrababu
Naidu,
Sharad Pawar
and many others

5+ vehicles with
3+ (9+/8 hour ~ 16 Lac /
Z 4-6 22 at-least 1
shifts) month
bulletproof
Around 300
3 (9/8 hour ~15 Lac / members
Y+ 2-4 11 2-3 vehicles belonging
shifts) month
to various
2 (6/8 hour ~12 Lac / categories.
Y 1-2 8 1-2 vehicles
shifts) month
(As of 2018)

2 (6/8 hour
X Nil 2 1-2 vehicles
shifts)
PROVISIONS RELATEING TO SECURITY MENTIONED UNDER INDIAN CONSTITUTION:-

• Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.

Art 19

• Promotion of international peace and security.

Art 51

• Offences and penalties.

Art 243ZQ

• Borrowing by the Government of India.

Art 292

• Borrowing by States.
Art 293

• Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed

Art 311 in civil capabilities under the Union or a State.

• Proclamation of Emergency.
Art 352

• Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.

Art 353

• Suspension of Provisions of Art 19 during emergencies.

Art 358

• Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by

Art 359 Part III during emergencies.
PROVISIONS RELATING TO SECURITY UNDER CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE,1973:-

447 71 81
427 106

376 107

373 108

346 109

340 110
Cr.P.C.
339 Sections 117

335 119

330 122

292 123

171 124
170 131 130

The National Security Act, 1980

CONCLUSION:-
From the above discussion we concluded that the security and defence of a sovereign state, including
its citizens, economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty of government. Originally conceived as
protection against military attack, national security is widely understood to include also non-military dimensions,
including the security from terrorism, minimization of crime, economic security, energy security, environmental
security, food security, and cyber-security.” A nation has security when it does not have to sacrifice its legitimate
interests to avoid war, and is able, if challenged, to maintain them by war”.
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Tansukh Paliwal