CISCOM Training Services

Microwave Planning and Design

– Detailed Out Lines:

o PCM and E1 Overview

─ Voice channel digitizing and TDM
─ PCM Coder Block Diagram 64 kb/s
─ E1; History, Frame, Transmission Media
─ GSM coding and TDM in terrestrial E1
o Digital Multiplexing: PDH and SDH Overview
─ European Digital Multiplexer Hierarchy
─ Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
ƒ PDH Multiplexing
ƒ European PDH Multiplexing Structure
ƒ PDH Problems
─ Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
ƒ SDH Bit Rates
ƒ General Transport Module STM-N
ƒ SDH Multiplexing Structure
ƒ SDH Advantages
─ SDH Benefits over PDH

o Digital Microwave systems Overview

─ Digital Microwave system
─ MODEM - Digital Modulation
─ Protecting MW Links
─ Microwave Equipment Specification
─ Microwave Allocation in Radio spectrum
─ Microwave Bands
─ Microwave Capacities
─ International Regulatory Bodies

o Performance and availability objectives

─ Performance Objectives and availability objectives
─ The ITU-T Recs (Standards)
─ ITU-T G.821 some definitions
─ ITU-T G.821 Availability
─ ITU-T G.821 Performance Objectives
─ Performance & Availability for HRPD – High Grade
─ Performance & Availability for HRDS – Medium Grade
─ Performance & Availability for HRX – Local Grade
─ Performance Predictions
─ HW Unavailability
─ Improvement in Availability in n+1 protection
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─ Improvement in Availability in Loop protection

o Topology Planning
─ Capacity and Topology planning
─ Transmission Capacity Planning-Example
─ Topology Planning
─ Star
─ Daisy Chain
─ Tree
─ Loop
o Diversity
─ Diversity Improvement
─ Space Diversity
─ Frequency diversity
─ Hot standby configuration
─ Hybrid diversity
─ Angle diversity
─ Combined diversity
─ Path Diversity

o Microwave Antenna
─ Antenna Gain
─ VSWR
─ Side and Back lobe Levels
─ Beam Width
─ Antenna Characteristics – EIRP and ERP
─ Passive Repeater
─ Plane Reflectors
─ Back to back Repeater
─ Antenna Characteristics - Polarization
─ Cross Polarization
─ Mechanical Stability
─ Antenna Datasheet
─ Digital Antenna pattern

o Radio Propagation
─ Electromagnetic Waves
─ Radio Wave Propagation
─ Reflection and scattering
─ Refraction
─ K-Factor and path profile correction
─ Formation Of a Duct
─ Ducting Probability-
─ Multipath Propagation
─ Diffraction

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─ Absorption
─ Rain Attenuation
─ Fading
─ Fade Margins
─ Mutipath Fading

o Microwave Link Planning and Design

─ Hop Calculations (Design)
─ Path Profile
─ Fresnel Zone
─ Obstacle Loss
─ Line-Of-Sight Survey
─ LOS Survey Equipment
─ LOS Survey Procedure
─ LOS Survey Report
─ Link Budget
─ Link Budget Parameters
─ Fading
─ Fade Margin and Availability
─ Multipath Fading
ƒ Flat Fading
ƒ Frequency Selective Fading
─ Rain Fading

o Frequency planning
─ Channel Capacity and Separation
─ Channel plan
─ Alternated Channel Arrangement
─ Co-channel arrangement
─ Interleaved Channel Arrangement
─ Frequency Plan and ITU-R Channel Arrangement Specs
─ Frequency Planning Frequency Allocation
─ Frequency Planning Interference
─ Receiver Threshold Degradation

o Interference
─ Digital Systems and BER
─ Noise in Digital Systems
─ White Noise in Digital Systems
─ Noise Factor and Noise Figure
─ Receiver Thresholds
─ Threshold Degradation
─ Cross Polar Interference XPI
─ Interference Calculations

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o Digital Map and Tools Overview

─ Digital Maps
─ Geographical Databases
─ Vector Data (Linear)
─ Altitude

¾ Objectives:
– Describe wave propagation, precipitation and terrain profile
– Explain performance and availability objectives
– Explain microwave antennas and diversity techniques
– Understand power budget and link design
– Thorough understanding of capacity, topology and frequency planning
– Discuss microwave planning tools

¾ Achieved Competencies:
A. Knowledge:
1. Understand and describe the digital multiplexing hierarchies PDH and SDH
2. Understand the E1 frame and media and the coding in terrestrial E1
3. Understand and describe the availability and performance objectives
4. Know the ITU-R and ITU-T recommendation for transmission
5. Use ITU recommendations to calculate and evaluate network availability and
performance objectives.
6. Understand and describe network topologies and when to use each.
7. Understand and describe diversity concept, techniques and the improvement it add
when implemented in the network.
8. Understand microwave antenna parameters and their impact on MW system
performance.
9. Understand and describe the phenomena the affect on the radio wave propagation,
10. Understand the concept of K-factor and how it correct the path profile
11. Use of ITU recommendation to evaluate rain zones, duct contours , diffraction
methods and fading calculations
12. Understand and perform Hop calculation design
13. Understand freznel zone and path clearance
14. Understand and describe link budget parameters
15. perform link budget calculations
16. Understand frequency arrangements and frequency assignments
17. Understand interference sources and how to avoid them
18. Perform interference calculations

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B. Skills:
1. How to refer to ITU recommendations
2. How to make quick calculations for freznel zone expect the clearance of the path
3. How to use ITU-T recommendations to calculate network availability and
performance
4. How to use MW planning tools and asses the MW link design.

C. Behaviors
1. Be proactive
2. Identify customer's requirements
3. Identify internal customers and listen to their requirements and plans
4. Continuous improvement
5. Utilize creativity, imagination and information to develop ideas
6. Do it great (not only right) the first time
7. Act on priorities
8. Plan and verify assumptions
9. Responsiveness to market changes
10. Be always connected to strategy and market plans
11. Assumes responsibility
12. Communicate to ensure that all assumptions are clear to all stakeholders and agreed
on

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