01 FAMILY AND FRIEND

In this unit, you learn h o w to:

• ask c o m m o n q u e s t i o n s a b o u t people
• r e s p o n d t o q u e s t i o n s in a n a t u r a l
Grammar
• Question formation
• The present simple
Reading
• Living w e l l a r o u n d t h e w o r l d
Hp

way • Similarities and contrasts Listening

• d e s c r i b e people y o u k n o w • Afriend of mine
• recognise collocations - w o r d s t h a t Vocabulary • O u r g e n e s or o u r c h i l d h o o d ?
go together • People y o u k n o w
• talk about h o w often you do t h i n g s • Character and habits

V O C A B U L A R Y People you kn ow LISTENING

Put t h e p e o p l e i n t h e b o x b e l o w i n t o t h r e e g r o u p s . Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r a c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n t w o
friends, L a u r a a n d M a y a . T h e y t a l k about the people i n
actress aunt brother cousin businessman the photo.
colleague dad flatmate friend housewife
teenager gran uncle waiter neighbour A *b 1.1 L i s t e n . W h o a r e t h e p e o p l e i n t h e p h o t o ?
sister nurse lawyer retired boyfriend

]
2
B Complete the questions. Listen a n d check.

B T e l l a p a r t n e r a b o u t s i x d i f f e r e n t f r i e n d s or f a m i l y H o w old When How Is

m e m b e r s a n d t h e j o b s t h e y do - or d i d . F o r e x a m p l e : H o w lonf What Why Do
My granddad is a retired nurse. He was working until last
year. 1 A h a v e y o u b e e n here?
My cousin Hamid is a student and he works part-time as a B: A b o u t h a l f a n hour.
waiter. 2 A do y o u k n o w her?
B: I m e t her on a b u s i n e s s t r i p .
W o r k i n pairs. C h e c k a n y w o r d s y o u don't k n o w i n the 3 A did y o u do t h a t ?
Vocabulary Builder. T h e n d i s c u s s q u e s t i o n s 1 - 3 . B: Year 1 2 a t s c h o o l .
4 A she j u s t visiting?
clever annoying pretty fit generous open B No, she's w o r k i n g here.
patient creative caring strict religious neat 5 A d o e s he do?
B He's a t e a c h e r .
1 Which adjectives often describe a n actress? a lawyer? a 6 A did h e go t h e r e ?
n u r s e ? a parent? a g r a n d p a r e n t ? a h o u s e w i f e ? B His g i r l f r i e n d is f r o m t h e r e .
2 Do y o u t h i n k e a c h a d j e c t i v e is m o r e c o m m o n f o r m e n or 7 A is he?
for w o m e n - or is it e q u a l l y c o m m o n for both? B 34.
3 W h i c h of t h e adjectives describe you? 8 A y o u get on w e l l ?
No, not really.
Choose eight words f r o m this section w h i c h w e r e n e w
for y o u or w h i c h y o u d i d n ' t k n o w w e l l . T r a n s l a t e t h e m C T h e a n s w e r s i n exercise B are w r o n g . I n pairs, discuss
into your language. Compare w h a t y o u translated w i t h w h a t t h e a n s w e r s s h o u l d b e . L o o k at t h e a u d i o s c r i p t o n
a partner. page 162 a n d check y o u r ideas.

8 OUTCOMES

NGUAGE PATTERNS
mm
rite t h e s e n t e n c e s in your l a n g u a g e . Translate
them back into English. C o m p a r e your English t o t h e
original.
My f r i e n d A n n a f r o m P o l a n d
She's a f r i e n d f r o m m y S p a n i s h c l a s s .
T h i s is K a r e n . She's a f r i e n d f r o m u n i v e r s i t y .
Do y o u k n o w m y f r i e n d D a n f r o m w o r k ?
G R A M M A R Question formation
For questions in t h e present s i m p l e , put do I does
efore t h e subject + infinitive a n d for questions in t h e
past simple, put did.
H o w do you know her? Does she like it here? ( p r e s e n t
imple)
hy did he go t h e r e ? Did you get m a r r i e d t h e r e ?
past s i m p l e )
For present continuous questions, put t h e form of be
before t h e subject + -ing.
i/here are you going? Is she j u s t visiting?
3r present perfect questions, put have before t h e
subject + t h e past participle.
H o w long have you been here? Has he seen it?
A Put t h e w o r d s i n t h e correct o r d e r to m a k e q u e s t i o n s .
1 live do W h e r e y o u ?
2 k n o w y o u a n y o n e in t h e Do c l a s s ?
3 k n o w n have H o w l o n g h i m y o u ?
4 y o u are E n g l i s h s t u d y i n g W h y ?
5 t h i s school Have s t u d i e d y o u in before?
6 e n j o y i n g y o u t h e A r e class?
7 y o u have D i d n i c e w e e k e n d a?
8 y o u did do W h a t ?
B % 1.2 L i s t e n a n d p r a c t i s e s a y i n g t h e q u e s t i o n s .
C Ask and answer the questions i n pairs.
• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 3 6 .
DEVELOPING CONVERSATIONS
Responding naturally
n conversations, w e usually give short initial replies •
a n d t h e n explain more.
A: Really? How old is he?
B-.24
A: And do you get on well?
B: Yes. We're quite close. He's very caring and generous.
R e p e a t i n g all t h e g r a m m a r of t h e question - for
e x a m p l e , by saying He is 24years old or Yes, we
do get on. We're quite close - can be frustrating or
a n n o y i n g for t h e listener.
A C r o s s o u t a l l t h e w o r d s y o u d o n ' t r e a l l y n e e d to say.
1 A: W h e r e a r e y o u f r o m ?
B: I a m f r o m t h e C z e c h R e p u b l i c .
2 A: H a v e y o u g o t a n y b r o t h e r s or sisters?
B: Yes, I've g o t b r o t h e r s a n d s i s t e r s . I've g o t t w o
brothers and six sisters.
3 A: Are y o u t h e o l d e s t ?
B: No, I'm n o t . I'm in t h e m i d d l e .
4 A: Do y o u see y o u r g r a n d p a r e n t s m u c h ?
B: No, I do not see t h e m m u c h . T h e y live in a
d i f f e r e n t city.
5 A: Do y o u g e t o n w i t h y o u r b r o t h e r ?
B: No, w e do n o t really g e t o n . He's q u i t e a n n o y i n g .
6 A: W h e r e did y o u m e e t y o u r g i r l f r i e n d ?
B: I m e t m y g i r l f r i e n d w h e n I w a s a t university. W e
w e r e in t h e s a m e c l a s s .
7 A: Do y o u like s p o r t ?
B: No, I d o n ' t . I h a t e it, b u t I w a l k a lot t o keep f i t .
B Listen a n d check your ideas.
C O N V E R S A T I O N PRACTICE
Y o u a r e g o i n g t o h a v e s i m i l a r c o n v e r s a t i o n s to t h e
o n e y o u h e a r d i n Listening. T h i n k of t h r e e p e o p l e
y o u k n o w . O n e s h o u l d be a f r i e n d , one a m e m b e r of
your family, a n d one y o u decide.
A E i t h e r d r a w s i m p l e p i c t u r e s of t h e t h r e e p e o p l e
or, i f y o u h a v e p h o t o s of t h e m o n a m o b i l e p h o n e ,
u s e t h o s e . S h o w t h e p i c t u r e s to y o u r p a r t n e r . Y o u r
p a r t n e r s h o u l d s t a r t b y a s k i n g : Who's that? a n d
s h o u l d c o n t i n u e t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n b y a s k i n g at l e a s t
f o u r m o r e q u e s t i o n s a b o u t e a c h of t h e t h r e e p e o p l e .
Stefan
01 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 9
 SPEAKING

A Work i n groups. Discuss these questions.

• W h i c h part o f y o u r c o u n t r y - or o f t h e w o r l d - do y o u
LIVING WELL
t h i n k is t h e best place:
•
•
t o be a child? W h y ?
t o be a t e e n a g e r ? W h y ?
AROUND
• to start a family? Why?
•
•
t o get old? W h y ?
Do y o u like t h e place y o u g r e w up in? W h a t w a s good
THE WORLD
/ bad a b o u t it?

READING

Y o u a r e g o i n g to r e a d a n a r t i c l e a b o u t t h e b e s t A c c o r d i n g t o a r e c e n t U N I C E F report, t h e Netherlands is
c o u n t r i e s to b e a c h i l d i n a n d to g r o w o l d i n . t h e best place in t h e w o r l d to be a child, w h i l e t h e U K is
t h e w o r s t ! T h e report l o o k e d a t areas like h e a l t h , i n c o m e
Read the article a n d a n s w e r these questions. of parents a n d e d u c a t i o n , b u t also did research into h o w
1 W h a t four reasons are given to explain w h y the children felt a b o u t their lives - a n d w h y .
N e t h e r l a n d s is so good for c h i l d r e n ? Several reasons for t h e country's success are s u g g e s t e d :
2 W h a t f o u r r e a s o n s d o e s G o r o T a n i g u c h i give t o t h e r e are plenty of p a r k s , play s p a c e s a n d facilities for t h e
e x p l a i n his l o n g life? y o u n g ; t h e p e r c e n t a g e of m o t h e r s w h o w o r k is quite l o w ;
D u t c h p a r e n t s - a n d t e a c h e r s - p u t less p r e s s u r e o n their
It is important to learn w o r d s t o g e t h e r - a n d to learn children a t s c h o o l a n d d o n ' t w o r r y a b o u t their children's
c o m m o n collocations. Collocations are w o r d s t h a t g r a d e s ; D u t c h families are generally very o p e n a n d they
often go together. T h e y can be verb + n o u n , adjective talk a b o u t e v e r y t h i n g . B e c a u s e p a r e n t s are more l i b e r a l ,
+ n o u n , etc. For e x a m p l e : t e e n a g e issues t h a t s o m e t i m e s c a u s e a r g u m e n t s in stricter
societies a r e n ' t usually a p r o b l e m in H o l l a n d . Here's w h a t
wear glasses, leave home (verb + n o u n ) D u t c h children say:
friendly neighbours, the middle child ( a d j e c t i v e +
1
noun) My p a r e n t s s p e n d a lot of t i m e w i t h m e . W e eat t o g e t h e r
t h r e e t i m e s a d a y a n d I o f t e n g o to t h e park w i t h m y m u m
t o play. W e ' r e very close. (Margot, 6)
6 C o v e r t h e text. C o m p l e t e t h e c o l l o c a t i o n s L o o k b a c k
at t h e bold w o r d s i n t h e a r t i c l e to c h e c k . I really enjoy s c h o o l m o s t of t h e t i m e . I hardly ever get
1 a report bored a n d t h e o t h e r people in my classes are usually really
2 p r e s s u r e on s o m e o n e nice a n d friendly. If I have a p r o b l e m , there's a special
3 parents t e a c h e r I c a n talk t o , w h i c h is great. (Robin, 13)
4 arguments
5 time with someone My parents are great. T h e y help m e a lot a n d they never
6 a life f o r c e m e t o d o t h i n g s I d o n ' t w a n t t o d o . M y life is very
7 fish f r e e , so I d o n ' t n e e d t o get a n g r y w i t h my p a r e n t s . T h e only
8 swimming p r o b l e m is t h a t n o w I'm older, t h e y w a n t m e t o look a f t e r
myself m o r e - a n d that's difficult. (Ysbrand, 16)
C W h i c h four collocations above are verb + n o u n - a n d
w h i c h four are adjective + n o u n ?

D I n pairs, discuss these questions. th

• W h a t do y o u t h i n k is t h e m a i n r e a s o n for t h e th
Netherlands' success? W h y ? th
• W h a t do y o u t h i n k is t h e m a i n r e a s o n for M r
T a n i g u c h i ' s long life? W h y ? L
I UN
fn

:
bu

10 OUTCOMES
 G R A M M A R the present simple

U s e t h e present s i m p l e to talk a b o u t facts (things

t h a t are a l w a y s true) or regular occurrences and
habits (things w e often / regularly do). R e m e m b e r to
add -s to t h e verb w h e n t a l k i n g a b o u t he / she / it\
My brother lives in t h e States. (= always)
We don't really get on. (= always)
Do you see your grandparents m u c h ? (= often)

W e often use adverbials of f r e q u e n c y w i t h t h e

present simple. S o m e go before t h e m a i n verb, some
go at t h e b e g i n n i n g or end of a s e n t e n c e .
I hardly ever get bored.
A/lost days, I go for a walk in t h e fields near my house.
I go s w i m m i n g once or twice a week.

A M a k e questions u s i n g the words i n brackets.

1 m a r r i e d ? (be / a n y o f y o u r b r o t h e r s or
sisters)
2 Who c l o s e s t t o in y o u r f a m i l y ? (be /
you)
3 Where f r o m o r i g i n a l l y ? (be / y o u r
parents)
4 w e l l w i t h y o u r p a r e n t s ? ( y o u / g e t on)
5 s t u d y i n g ? ( y o u / like)
6 g o o d E n g l i s h ? ( a n y o n e in y o u r f a m i l y /
speak)
7 a b r o a d ? ( a n y o n e y o u k n o w / live)
8 a n y o t h e r l a n g u a g e s ? (you / s p e a k )

B I n pairs, a s k a n d a n s w e r the eight questions above.

C C h a n g e partners. A s k a n d a n s w e r questions 1-10

b e l o w u s i n g t h e w o r d s i n t h e box. F o r e x a m p l e :
A: How often do you see your parents?
B: Every day -1 still live at home. What about you?
A: Not very often, really. A few times a year.

always usually
quite often sometimes
not very often h a r d l y ever
never every day
t w o or t h r e e t i m e s a w e e k o n c e or t w i c e a w e e k
t w o or t h r e e t i m e s a m o n t h a f e w times a year

H o w o f t e n do y o u ...
1 ... s e e y o u r p a r e n t s ?
2 ... t a l k t o y o u r p a r e n t s a b o u t y o u r p r o b l e m s ?
3 ... s e e y o u r a u n t s a n d u n c l e s a n d c o u s i n s ?
4 ... v i s i t y o u r g r a n d p a r e n t s ?
5 ... h a v e d i n n e r w i t h t h e people y o u live w i t h ?
6 ... a r g u e w i t h t h e people y o u live w i t h ?
7 ... e a t f r e s h f i s h ?
8 ... eat f r e s h f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e s ?
9 ... go s w i m m i n g ?
10 ... go r u n n i n g ?

• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 137.

01 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 11

 John and Trent Simons (aged 17)

Justinia Lewis (Biologist) Alicia and Angela Martinez (Spain)

SPEAKING LISTENING

Read the text below. T h e n discuss t h e q u e s t i o n s i n groups. Y o u a r e g o i n g to h e a r t h r e e of t h e p e o p l e i n

the photos above t a l k i n g about genes a n d
childhood.
What makes us the people we are? Where do
we get our characteristics and habits? It is one A Discuss w h y you t h i n k they're interested
i n the genes v childhood debate a n d w h a t
of the oldest debates in science. Some say it
opinion you t h i n k they w i l l have.
is our experiences in childhood - the way our
parents treat us, our experiences, our friends B % 1.4 L i s t e n . Do t h e y t h i n k t h e i r c h a r a c t e r
and our education; others say it's all the result i s m o r e b e c a u s e of g e n e s or c h i l d h o o d
experience? Does a n y t h i n g surprise y o u
of biology, it's just the genes we get from our
about their opinions?
parents.
NATIVE SPEAKER ENGLISH

1 H o w m u c h do y o u t h i n k t h e f o l l o w i n g t h i n g s are c a u s e d by Keen on
g e n e s ? H o w m u c h by c h i l d h o o d e x p e r i e n c e s ? H o w m u c h by o t h e r W e often say I'm (not) keen on s o m e t h i n g
f a c t o r s s u c h a s w h e r e y o u live? Say a p e r c e n t a g e for e a c h o n e . instead o f / (don't) like it. For e x a m p l e :
a poor s i g h t e good g r a d e s a t s c h o o l
b confidence f t h e c o l o u r o f y o u r hair I'm keen on sport.
c h o w c r e a t i v e y o u are g heart disease Neither of us are keen on dogs.
d h o w fit y o u are h criminal behaviour He's not very keen on spicy food.
2 W h a t o t h e r c a u s e s could t h e r e be?

12 OUTCOMES
I L i s t e n a g a i n a n d d e c i d e i f 1 - 1 0 a r e t r u e or f a l s e .
1 John's brother, Trent, isn't very keen o n s p o r t .
2 John's p a r e n t s see h i m a n d h i s b r o t h e r a s t w o i n d i v i d u a l
people.
3 J o h n h a s no s i m i l a r i t i e s t o h i s brother.
4 Alicia's m o t h e r is a b u s i n e s s w o m a n .
5 Alicia is a m b i t i o u s .
6 A c c o r d i n g t o her g r a n , Alicia's p a r e n t s are s t r i c t .
7 J u s t i n i a L e w i s s a y s people h a v e a lot of t h e s a m e g e n e s
as b a n a n a s a n d c h i m p a n z e e s .
8 H e a r t d i s e a s e is m a i n l y a g e n e t i c p r o b l e m .
9 Her p a r e n t s w e r e s c i e n t i s t s .
10 All her f a m i l y a r e messy.
Read the audioscript o n page 162 a n d f i n d four words
w h i c h a r e n e w to y o u a n d y o u ' d l i k e to r e m e m b e r .
W h a t o t h e r w o r d s go w i t h t h e m ? C o m p a r e w h a t y o u
chose w i t h a p a r t n e r .
Do y o u k n o w a n y o n e w h o i s :
• a t w i n ? H o w s i m i l a r a r e t h e y t o t h e i r b r o t h e r / sister?
• a n o n l y child? W h a t a r e t h e y like? Do y o u t h i n k b e i n g a n
only child is good?
• p r e g n a n t ? W h e n is t h e baby d u e ?
G R A M M A R Similarities and contrasts
Both (of) a n d neither (of) s h o w t h a t t w o people or
things have s o m e t h i n g in c o m m o n . Neither is t h e
negative form of both.
Both of m y b r o t h e r s a r e q u i t e t a l l . (= I h a v e t w o
brothers)
Neither of m y p a r e n t s are s c i e n t i s t s , b u t t h e y both rea
widely. (= t h e y ' r e n o t s c i e n t i s t s , t h e y read a lot)
W h e n w e are t a l k i n g a b o u t more t h a n t w o , w e can use
all for positive s t a t e m e n t s a n d none of or no-one for
negative s t a t e m e n t s .
All her family are messy.
None of us are neat and tidy.
No-one in my family likes sport.
We can s h o w a contrast by using whereas or but.
Both m y b r o t h e r s a r e dark, whereas I'm q u i t e fair.
My p a r e n t s a n d g r a n g o t o c h u r c h every w e e k , but I
don't.
A I n p a i r s , a s k q u e s t i o n s to f i n d t h i n g s y o u s h a r e w i t h
your partner. H o w m a n y similarities c a n y o u f i n d i n
five m i n u t e s ?
B J o i n a n o t h e r p a i r of s t u d e n t s a n d e x p l a i n y o u r
s i m i l a r i t i e s a n d d i f f e r e n c e s . U s e both (of us) / neither of
us a n d whereas.
C N o w e x p l a i n to t h e c l a s s w h a t t h i n g s y o u r g r o u p of f o u r
h a v e i n c o m m o n . U s e all a n d none o r no-one.
• Need help? Read t h e g r a m m a r reference on page 1 3 7 .
V O C A B U L A R Y Character and habits
A M a t c h 1-8 ( c o n t a i n i n g c h a r a c t e r a d j e c t i v e s ) w i t h a - h
(describing habits a n d behaviour).
1 She's v e r y n e a t a n d tidy.
2 M y g r a n d d a d ' s very w i s e .
3 N e i t h e r o f us a r e very clever.
4 N e i t h e r o f us a r e very c a l m a n d p a t i e n t .
5 I t h i n k w e ' r e all very o p e n in o u r f a m i l y .
6 M y dad's q u i t e s t r i c t , w h e r e a s m y m u m ' s a bit soft.
7 M y sister's v e r y d e t e r m i n e d .
8 He's v e r y kind a n d c a r i n g .
a W e h a r d l y ever g e t A g r a d e s . W e u s u a l l y o n l y g e t C s .
b W e a l w a y s t a l k a b o u t h o w w e f e e l . W e never hide
t h i n g s f r o m e a c h other,
c W h e n s h e h a s d e c i d e d o n s o m e t h i n g , y o u c a n ' t stop
her. S h e j u s t keeps g o i n g till s h e s u c c e e d s ,
d S h e a l w a y s p u t t h i n g s a w a y a n d keeps t h i n g s
organised.
e W e get frustrated quickly and start shouting,
f I a l w a y s go t o h i m f o r a d v i c e ,
g He a l w a y s t h i n k s a b o u t o t h e r s a n d h e l p s people,
h I a l w a y s ask her f o r t h i n g s b e c a u s e s h e u s u a l l y
agrees.
B I n p a i r s , test e a c h o t h e r .
Student A: s a y s e n t e n c e s f r o m a - h .
Student B: c l o s e y o u r book a n d s a y t h e a d j e c t i v e s in 1 - 8 .
P R O N U N C I A T I O N and
There are lots of pairs of w o r d s in English like neat
and tidy or kind and caring t h a t are j o i n e d by 'and'.
W h e n t h e second w o r d starts w i t h a consonant
sound,you h e a r / a n / not/aend/.
A *m 1.5 L i s t e n a n d p r a c t i s e s a y i n g t h e w o r d p a i r s .
B I n p a i r s , w r i t e d o w n t h e p a i r s of w o r d s y o u c a n
r e m e m b e r . T h e n check i n t h e audioscript o n page
162.
SPEAKING
A I n groups, tell each other about your family. I n w h a t
w a y s a r e y o u s i m i l a r to a n d d i f f e r e n t f r o m y o u r
grandparents, parents, brothers a n d sisters? W h o
a r e y o u m o s t / l e a s t s i m i l a r to? T a l k a b o u t y o u r
character, your habits a n d your looks.
Try a n d use language y o u have learnt i n this unit.
01 FAMILY AND FRIENDS 13