English 4

Unit 12: Technology: Yesterday and Today

 Vocabulary

Anti-shoplifting
Compact fluorescent bulb
NASA space shuttle device
Insulin pump

Artificial heart
Personal human transporter Video games Laptop computer
Match each invention to its use. Type the number of the invention in the blank next to its use.
1. The insulin pump a. ___________was created to save energy.
b. _____________was invented to keep a
2. Anti-shoplifting devices transplant patient alive.
3. Video games c. ____________ were designed to stop people
4. Compact fluorescent bulbs from stealing items from a store.
d. _____________was engineered as an efficient
5. The artificial heart method of transportation.
6. The hepatitis B vaccine e. _______________were created to help kids have
7. The space shuttle fun.
f. ____________were designed to be more
8. Laptop computers transportable than desktop models.
9. The personal human transporter g. ______________ was invented to help diabetics
control their blood sugar.
h._____________ was able to orbit the world in less
than two hours.
i. _______________was developed to prevent a
deadly disease.
Answers
1. The insulin pump
2. Anti-shoplifting devices
3. Video games
4. Compact fluorescent bulbs
5. The artificial heart
6. The hepatitis B vaccine
7. The space shuttle
8. Laptop computers
9. The personal human transporter
a. 4 was created to save energy.
b. 5 was invented to keep a transplant patient alive.
c. 2 were designed to stop people from stealing
items from a store.
d. 9 was engineered as an efficient method of
transportation.
e. 3 were created to help kids have fun.
f. 8 were designed to be more transportable than
desktop models.
g. 1 was invented to help diabetics control their
blood sugar.
h. 7 was able to orbit the world in less than two
hours.
i. 6 was developed to prevent a deadly disease.
 The Passive Past
Subject Be Past Participle
The space shuttle was completed In 1981.
created By NASA.
747 Jumbo Jets were developed In 970.
designed By Boeing.

Examples:

The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell

The first space shuttle was launched in 1981
The first automobile was manufactured by the Ford Motor Company
 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the paragraphs.

2. The first compact fluorescent bulb was

1. The first anti-shoplifting device were invented/
was invented by a consultant for the New York City
Police Department, Arthur Minasy. These tags were
attached/ attach to store merchandise. When a
customer bought the item, the tag was removed/
removed. The tag set off an alarm if a customer
walked through the door without paying. The tags
are used/ were used in many department stores
today.
invented/ invented by a General Electric
engineer named Ed Hammer were
assigned/was assigned. Hammer to develop
more energy-efficient bulbs in the mid-70s,
when there was an energy crisis in the U.S.
Hammer worked for years. Finally in 1976,
the compact fluorescent bulb shape was
created/ were created . General Electric
didn't sell the bulb at first because of
production costs. Then, the design
discovered/was discovered by other
designers was copied/were copied and it by
other companies. Today, are sold/ was sold
the bulbs in all stores.
 Answers
2. The first compact fluorescent bulb was
1. The first anti-shoplifting device was invented by
a consultant for the New York City Police
Department, Arthur Minasy. These tags were
attached to store merchandise. When a customer
bought the item, the tag was removed. The tag set
off an alarm if a customer walked through the door
without paying. The tags are used in many
department stores today.
invented by a General Electric engineer
named Ed Hammer was assigned. Hammer
to develop more energy-efficient bulbs in the
mid-70s, when there was an energy crisis in
the U.S. Hammer worked for years. Finally in
1976, the compact fluorescent bulb shape
was created. General Electric didn't sell the
bulb at first because of production costs.
Then, the design was discovered by other
designers was copied and it by other
companies. Today, are sold the bulbs in all
stores.
 Complete each sentence. Use the past passive form of the verb in
parentheses.

1.Experts don't know when these

statues on Easter Island (create) 2.The Golden Gate Bridge
3.In 1915, Model T Ford cars (sell)
_____. (build) ___in 1937.
___ for only $440.

4.The first airplane (fly)

___by Wilbur and Orville 5.The London Bridge (destroy) ______ in 6.Gold (discover) ____in Coloma,
Wright in 1903. 1091 by a tornado. California in 1848.
 Answers

1.Experts don't know when these 3.In 1915, Model T Ford cars
statues on Easter Island (create) 2.The Golden Gate Bridge (build)
was built in 1937. (sell) were sold for only $440.
were created.

4.The first airplane (fly) was 6.Gold (discover) was

5.The London Bridge
flown by Wilbur and Orville discovered, in Coloma, California
(destroy) was destroyed in
Wright in 1903. in 1848.
1091 by a tornado.
Past Passive: Wh- Questions
• Where
was the first airplane flown?
• When

• Why
were computers invented?
• How
Examples
When was the first airplane flown? It was flown in 1903
Where was the first airplane flown? It was flown in North Carolina
Who was the first airplane flown by? The first airplane was flown by
Wilber and Oliver Wright
 Match the questions to their answers

To help diabetics
In 1978 To keep a to save energy
NASA control their
patient alive
blood sugar

Colleges and
Robert Jarvik Sir Clive Sinclair In 1980
public schools

1.When was the first artificial heart invented?

2.Why was the artificial heart invented?
3.By whom was the artificial heart invented?
4.When was the hepatitis B vaccine developed?
5.Where is vaccination against hepatitis B often required?
6.Why was the fluorescent bulb created?
7.Which organization was the space shuttle developed by?
Answers
1.When was the first artificial heart invented? In 1978
2.Why was the artificial heart invented? To keep a patient alive
3.By whom was the artificial heart invented? Robert Jarvik
4.When was the hepatitis B vaccine developed? In 1980
5.Where is vaccination against hepatitis B often required? Colleges and public
schools
6.Why was the fluorescent bulb created? to save energy
7.Which organization was the space shuttle developed by? NASA
Look at the chart. Read the answers. Complete the questions using
the the passive voice
Look at the chart. Read the answers. Complete the questions using the the
passive voice
Example:
By whom was the telegraph invented?
It was invented by Samuel Morse.
1. How ___________________using a
telegraph?
Messages were transmitted by a series of dots
and dashes.
2. When _________________________?
It was invented in 1876.
• 3. Where ___________________________?
• The telephone was first demonstrated at an
exhibition in Philadelphia.
4. When ______________________________?
The first radio station was created in 1920.
5. Where ______________________________?
The first TV show was broadcast from the New
York World's Fair in 1939.
6. What ____________________________?
The first satellite was named Sputnik.
7. When _______________________________?
The first weather satellite was launched in 1960.
8. When
__________________________________?
The personal computer was introduced in 1981.
 Answers
1. How were messages transmitted using a telegraph?
Messages were transmitted by a series of dots and dashes.
2. When was the telephone invented?
It was invented in 1876.
3. Where was the telephone first demonstrated?
The telephone was first demonstrated at an exhibition in Philadelphia.
4. When was the first radio station created?
The first radio station was created in 1920.
5. Where was the first TV show broadcast from?
The first TV show was broadcast from the New York World's Fair in 1939.
6. What was the first satellite named?
The first satellite was named Sputnik.
7. When was the first weather satellite launched?
The first weather satellite was launched in 1960.
8. When was the personal computer introduced?
The personal computer was introduced in 1981.
Highlight the verbs that are in the passive voice (5).

The automobile was developed before

1900, and cars were already used in
Europe on a limited basis. In the United
States, Henry Ford developed a more
affordable car in 1908. It was called the
Model T. The first moving assembly line
was installed in his factory in 1913. This
reduced the cost and time of producing
a car . A Model T was assembled in 93
minutes and cost $850. By 1927, more
than fifteen million cars were on the
roads in the United States .
Answers

The automobile was developed before

1900, and cars were already used in
Europe on a limited basis. In the United
States, Henry Ford developed a more
affordable car in 1908. It was called the
Model T. The first moving assembly line
was installed in his factory in 1913.
This reduced the cost and time of
producing a car . A Model T was
assembled in 93 minutes and cost
$850. By 1927, more than fifteen
million cars were on the roads in the
United States .
 1. One of the first automatic traffic signals (develop)
Look at the chart. Complete each sentence. Use the was developed by Garrett Morgan. Example
past passive form of the verb in parentheses.
2. Before this, many people (kill) were __________ in
traffic accidents.
3. Three positions (feature) _________ on this device:
Invention Inventor Year Go, Stop, and All-Direction Stop. The All-Direction
Stop allowed pedestrians to cross safely.
1. windshield wipers Mary Anderson 1903
4. Morgan's device (use) _________ until today's
2. automatic traffic signal Garrett Morgan 1923 system of red, yellow, and green lights was invented.
5. The first parking meters (install) _________ in
3. car radio Paul Galvin 1929 Oklahoma City.
4. parking meter Carlton Cole 1932 6. They (meet) _________with resistance by drivers.
Magee
7. Several of the first parking meters (destroy) _______
5. turn signals Buick 1938 by angry citizens.
6. air-conditioning Packard 1939 8. The air bag (invent) ________by General Motors.
7. air bags General Motors 9. Air bags (offer) ________as an option in the 1973
1973 Chevys.
10. For more than ten years, air bags (not /consider)
_______ important by drivers. Now they are
standard equipment.
 2. Before this, many people (kill) were killed in traffic
Answers accidents.
3. Three positions (feature) were featured on this
device: Go, Stop, and All-Direction Stop. The All-
Direction Stop allowed pedestrians to cross safely.

Invention Inventor Year 4. Morgan's device (use) was used until today's system
of red, yellow, and green lights was invented.
1. windshield wipers Mary Anderson 1903
5. The first parking meters (install) were installed in
2. automatic traffic signal Garrett Morgan 1923 Oklahoma City.
6. They (meet) were met with resistance by drivers.
3. car radio Paul Galvin 1929
7. Several of the first parking meters (destroy) were
4. parking meter Carlton Cole 1932 destroyed by angry citizens.
Magee
8 . The air bag (invent) was invented by General
5. turn signals Buick 1938 Motors.
6. air-conditioning Packard 1939 9. Air bags (offer) were offered as an option in the
1973 Chevys.
7. air bags General Motors 1973 10. For more than ten years, air bags (not /consider)
weren't considered important by drivers.
Now they are standard equipment.
 Change the sentences from active to passive voice. Add by when necessary.

Example: Kodak introduced the first commercial camera in 1888.

The first commercial camera was introduced by Kodak in 1888.
1. Paul Vierkotter invented the flash bulb._____________________________________
2. Inventors developed color film in 1935._________________________________________
3. Edwin Land invented the instant picture camera.______________________________________
4. He first sold the cameras in Boston. The cameras _____________ him.
5. Fuji introduced the disposable camera._________________________________________
6. Both NASA and private industry developed digital imagery
photography.__________________________
7. Companies introduced digital cameras in 1994.__________________________________________
Answers

1. Paul Vierkotter invented the flash bulb. The flash bulb was invented by Paul Vierkotter.
2. Inventors developed color film in 1935.Color film was developed by inventors in 1935.
3. Edwin Land invented the instant picture camera. The instant picture camera was
invented by Edwin Land.
4. He first sold the cameras in Boston. The cameras were first sold in Boston by him.
5. Fuji introduced the disposable camera. The disposable camera was introduced by Fuji.
6. Both NASA and private industry developed digital imagery photography. Digital imagery
photography was developed by NASA and private industry.
7. Companies introduced digital cameras in 1994. Digital cameras were introduced by
companies in 1994.
 Put the words in the correct order to form sentences.

1.Was this grandfather taken by my 1._________________

photograph 2._________________
2.Photograph grandfather's siblings my the 3._________________
shows
4._________________
3. Brother my yesterday fixed car my
5._________________
4. Usually mechanic my car my repaired by is
5. parked car a bus a hit was by
Answers

1.This photograph was taken by my grandfather.

2.The photograph shows my grandfather's siblings.
3.My brother fixed my car yesterday.
4.My car is usually repaired by my mechanic.
5.A parked car was hit by a bus.
 Change the active sentences to passive sentences.

1. Blake Construction built this house. (Example)
This house was built by Blake Construction.
2. Best Gardens did the landscaping.
The landscaping was done ____________
3. The Riveras bought the house.
___________________________
4. My uncle grew these tomatoes.
_______________________________
6. A French designer designed Julie's wedding dress.
_________________________________
7. Julie's mother wore it.
_________________________________
8. Clarice Lispector wrote this book.
__________________________________
9. Publishers in Brazil printed it.
________________________________
10. My grandmother owned this copy.
_________________________________

5. My sister raised these puppies.

__________________________________
Answers
2. Best Gardens did the landscaping.
The landscaping was done by Best Gardens.
3. The Riveras bought the house.
The house was bought by the Riveras.
4. My uncle grew these tomatoes.
These tomatoes were grown by my uncle.
5. My sister raised these puppies.
These puppies were raised by my sister.
6. A French designer designed Julie's wedding
dress.
Julie's wedding dress was designed by a French
designer.
7. Julie's mother wore it.
It was worn by Julie's mother
8. Clarice Lispector wrote this book.
This book was written by Clarice Lispector.
9. Publishers in Brazil printed it.
It was printed by publishers in Brazil.
10. My grandmother owned this copy.
This copy was owned by my grandmother.
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. picked by fruits like are oranges and apples hand

_________________________________________ .
2. products that by are are getting hand hard to find made
______________________________________ .
3. my sold candy store by a local is favorite chocolate
__________________________________________.
4. are Indian produced many medicines by drug companies
___________________________________________.
Answers
1.Fruits like oranges and apples are picked by hand.
2.Products that are made by hand are getting hard to find.
3.My favorite chocolate is sold by a local candy store.
4.Many medicines are produced by Indian drug companies.
The Passive: Other Tenses
Tense Passive Form
Simple Present Air bags are installed in all cars
Present Continuous Those cars are being repaired
Simple Past Air bags were first installed in 1973

Past Continuous My car was being repaired while I was waiting

Future with Will A new model will be delivered tomorrow

Future with Be Going to The car is going to be inspected tomorrow

Present Perfect Many improvements have been made to today’s car

Passive with By
Use by when the subject of the action is important or is not obvious.
Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928.
Turn signals were invented by Buik in 1928.
This dress was swen by my great grandmother.
 Choose the correct verb forms to complete the article.
Heart disease is the number one cause of death in
the United States. For years, doctors have been
developing tests, medications, and procedures to
help patients with heart disease. In the most
serious cases, a heart transplant is required/ is
being requiring.
On December 3, 1967, Dr. Christiaan Barnard was
performing/ performed the first heart transplant
in Cape Town, South Africa. The heart of an auto
accident victim was being transplanted/ was
transplanted into the body of Louis Washkansky, a
55-year-old man. He is going to live/ lived for 18
days following the operation.
Since that day, over fifteen thousand heart
transplants have been performed. The major
difficulty in these procedures was/ will be the
rejection of the new heart by the recipient's
immune system.
In 1969, an anti-rejection drug, cyclosporine, was being
discovered/ was discovered by Jean-Francois Borel.
Today, heart transplants had been performed/ are
performed throughout the world.
The first artificial heart had been implanted/ was
implanted in Dr. Barney Clark in 1982. This mechanical
heart was attached/ was being attached by tubes and
wires to a large machine. The heart was named/ will be
named the Jarvik-7 after its inventor, Dr. Robert Jarvik. Dr.
Clark is going to live/ lived for 112 days. The next patient
survived for 620 days, but research with the new heart is
discontinued/ was discontinued.
Since then, there have been/ were many medical
advances. A French professor and leading heart transplant
specialist, Alain F. Carpentier, is going to test/ has been
testing a new type of artificial heart in the near future. It
was developed/ is being developed now by Dr. Carpentier
and will be manufactured/ has been manufactured by
him along with two other companies.
 Answers
Heart disease is the number one cause of death in
the United States. For years, doctors have been
developing tests, medications, and procedures to
help patients with heart disease. In the most
serious cases, a heart transplant is required
On December 3, 1967, Dr. Christiaan Barnard
performed the first heart transplant in Cape Town,
South Africa. The heart of an auto accident victim
was transplanted into the body of Louis
Washkansky, a 55-year-old man. He lived for 18
days following the operation.
Since that day, over fifteen thousand heart
transplants have been performed. The major
difficulty in these procedures was the rejection of
the new heart by the recipient's immune system.
In 1969, an anti-rejection drug, cyclosporine, was
discovered by Jean-Francois Borel. Today, heart
transplants are performed throughout the world.
The first artificial heart was implanted in Dr. Barney Clark
in 1982. This mechanical heart was attached by tubes and
wires to a large machine. The heart was named the Jarvik-
7 after its inventor, Dr. Robert Jarvik. Dr. Clark lived for 112
days. The next patient survived for 620 days, but research
with the new heart was discontinued.
Since then, there have been many medical advances. A
French professor and leading heart transplant specialist,
Alain F. Carpentier, is going to test a new type of artificial
heart in the near future. It is being developed now by Dr.
Carpentier and will be manufactured by him along with
two other companies.
Charts
Read each sentence. Find the error in the underlined part. Type the corrected words in the
space

1. Scientists were interesting in how sound 1. ___________________

travels.
2. ___________________
2. The personal human transporter developed
by Dean Kamen. 3. ___________________
3. Jarvik was seen the need for an artificial 4. ____________________
heart. 5. ____________________
4. A car company recently was used the shape  6. ____________________
of a fish in one of its cars.
5. In 1977, two engineers studying how water
runs off leaves.
6. Their research was gave special attention by
paint manufacturers
Answers
1. were interested
2. was developed
3. saw
4. used
5. were studying
6. was given