Modern Times
• Compound Microscope - A Dutch
maker, Zacharias Jansen invented the
first compound microscope in 1590. Up
to ten times when extended to the
maximum.
• Telescope - important invention in the
study of astronomy invented by Galileo
Galilei. This invention could magnify
objects 20 times larger.
• Jacquard Loom - Built by French
weaver Joseph Maxie Jacquard. It
simplifies textile manufacturing.
• Engine-Powered Airplane - Orville
Wright and Wilbur Wright are credited
for designing and successfully
operating the first engine-powered
aircraft.
• Television – by the Scottish engineer
John Logie Baird. It was successfully
televised objects in outline in 1924,
recognizable human faces in 1925,
and moving objects in 1926, and
projected colored images in 1928.
• Pasteurization - Louis Pasteur, a French
biologist, invented the process of
heating dairy products to kill the
harmful bacteria that allow them to
spoil faster.
• Petroleum Refinery - means of
powering homes and transportation.
Samuel M. Kier was able to invent
kerosene by refining petroleum.
Kerosene referred to as the
“illuminating oil” it was used at first to
provide lighting to homes.
• Telephone – invented by Alexander
Graham Bell.
• Calculator - a faster way to compute
more equations.
Philippine Inventions
• Gregoria Zara- He invented the
first videophone. A native of Lipa,
Batangas and enrolled at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) in the United States, and
graduated with a degree in BS in
Mechanical Engineering in 1926.
The two-way televisions or
videophones 1955 were patented as a
"photophone signal separator
network."
• Agapito Flores - He invented
the fluorescent lamp, which is the most
widely used source of lighting in the
world today. The fluorescent lamp
reportedly got its name from Flores. The
fluorescent lamp, however, was not
invented in a particular year. it was
the product of 79 years of the
development of the lighting method
that began with the invention of the
electric bulb by Thomas Edison.
• Daniel Dingel- He invented the water-
powered car. Daniel Dingel started
working on a water-powered car and
prototype in 1969. However, Dingel's
car has never been patented and
commercialized because of what he
suspects is an anti-Dngel car
conspiracy by multinational
companies.
• Eduardo San Juan- He invented Lunar
Rover also known as the Moon Buggy.
It was the car used by Neil Armstrong
and other astronauts when they first
explored the moon in 1969. He worked
for Lockheed Corporation and
conceptualized the design of the
Moon Buggy that the Apollo astronauts
used while on the moon. However, he
was not listed as the inventor of the
Moon Buggy in American Scientific
journals, instead, it was attributed to a
Polish inventor.
• Diosdado Banatao- He invented
the GUI (Graphical User Interface).
Banatao is known for introducing the
first single-chip graphical user interface
accelerator that made computers
work a lot faster and for helping
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 develop the Ethernet controller chip
that made the internet possible. In
1989, he pioneered the local bus
concept for personal computers and in
the following year developed the first
Windows accelerator chip. Intel is now
using the chips and technologies
developed by Banatao.
• Angel Alcala- He invented the artificial
coral reefs. This was used for fisheries in
Southeast Asia.
• Roberto del Rosario- He
invented karaoke in 1975. He
developed a sing-along system in 1975
and was patented in the 1980s called
his sing-along system "Minus-One," now
holds the patent for the device now
commonly known as the" karaoke
machine."
• Juan Salcedo Jr. -He developed
the" Enriched Rice," a variety of rice
fortified with vitamins B1, which helps
prevent beriberi.
• Electronic Jeepney (e-jeepney)- were
designed and improvised from scratch
out of military jeeps that the Americans
left in the country after WW II.
• Erythromycin- The Ilonggo
scientist Abelardo Aguilar invented the
antibiotic out of the strain of bacterium
called Streptomyces erythreus, from
which this drug derived its name.
• Medical Incubator- World-renowned
Filipino pediatrician and national
scientist, Fe del Mundo, the invention
of the incubator and jaundice relieving
device. The first woman pediatrician to
be admitted to the prestigious Harvard
University School of Medicine. Helps
Philippine rural communities that had
no electricity to aid the regulation of
body temperatures of newborn babies.
• Mole Remover- In 2000, a local
invention by Rolando Dela Cruz is
credited for the invention of a local
mole remover that made use of
extracts of cashew nuts.
• Banana Ketchup- Filipino food
technologist, Maria Orosa.
Intellectual revolution
▪ changed the way people perceive
the influence of science on society in
general.
Copernican Revolution
▪ in the16th-century paradigm shift
named after the Polish mathematician
and astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus.
He formulated the heliocentric model
of the universe, the belief that the
earth was the center of the solar
system based on the geocentric
model of Ptolemy.
▪ Copernicus introduced the
heliocentric model in a 40-page
outline entitled Commentariolus.
▪ The Revolution of Celestial Spheres in
1543. The idea that the sun is at the
center of the universe.
▪ It was soon accepted by other
scientists of the time, most profoundly
by Galileo Galilei.
Darwinian Revolution
▪ Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution,
which posited that populations pass
through a process of natural selection
in which only the fittest would survive.
▪ He published his book The Origin of
Species in 1589. His book presented
evidence of how species evolved over
time and presented traits and
adaptations that differentiate species.
▪ In his book The Descent of Man, he
introduced the idea of all organic life,
including human beings, under the
realm of evolutionary thinking.
Freudian Revolution
▪ Psychoanalysis - is a scientific method
of understanding inner and
unconscious conflicts embedded
within one's personality, springing from
free associations, dreams, and
fantasies of the individual.
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 ▪ Freud suggested that humans are
inherently pleasure-seeking individuals.
▪ He also argued that personality is a
product of three conflicting elements:
• id – driven by the pleasure principle
• superego – driven by a desire to
follow the rules and do the right thing
according to society.
• ego – mix of both
▪ The stages of psychosexual
development of individuals.
1. Oral stage - where the child
gets its satisfaction from the
mouth.
2. Anal stage - the child
undergoes toilet training.
3. Phallic stage - where the child
develops complexes, the
Electra complex (the girl is
attracted to the father) and
the Oedipal complex ( the
young boy is attracted to the
mother).
4. Latency stage - where the
child's focus is on education or
learning
5. Genital stage - where there is a
recurrence of the sex organs as
the source of satisfaction.
Role of Science and Technology in Nation
Building
Pre-Colonial Period
▪ early Filipino settlers were already using
certain plants and herbs as medicines.
Systems of farming and animal raising
were also implemented. Moreover,
early Filipinos had also developed
different modes of transportation,
whether terrestrial or maritime.
▪ A complicated engineering feat was
achieved by the natives of the
Cordilleras when they built rice
terraces by hand. The people were
able to cultivate crops on the
mountainsides in cold temperatures.
▪ They incorporated an irrigation system
that uses water from the forests and
mountain tops to achieve an
elaborate fishing system.
Colonial Period
▪ Colonization by the Spaniards
provided the Philippines with modern
means of construction. Walls, roads,
bridges, and other large infrastructures
were built using some of the
engineering skills and tools brought by
the Spaniards.
▪ The Spanish government developed
health and education systems that
were enjoyed by the principalia class.
▪ The American occupation, they
established a government agency
▪ the Bureau of Science, for the sole
purpose of nurturing development in
the field of science and technology.
Post-Colonial Period
Pres. Ferdinand Marcos
• He mandated the Department of
Education and Culture (DECS) to
promote science and technology
courses in public schools.
• He established the National
Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST)
• Philippine Atmospheric
Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAGASA)
in place of the abolished Weather
Bureau;
• Agencies and organizations
o Philippines Coconut
Research Institute
(PHILCORIN),
o Philippine Textile
Research Institute (PTRI),
o Philippines Atomic
Energy Commission
(PAEC)/Philippine
Nuclear Institute (PNI),
o National Grain
Authority(PGA)
/National Food
Authority (NFA),
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 o Philippine Council for
Agricultural Research
(PCAR) /Philippine
Council for Agriculture,
Aquatic, and Natural
Resources and
Development)
(PCAANRD) Pres. Joseph Estrada
o Philippine National Oil
Company (PNOC),
o Plant Breeding Institute
(PBI),
o International Rice
Research Institute (IRRI),
o Bureau of Plant Industry
(BPI),
o Bureau of Forest
Products (BFP), and
o National Committee on
Geological Sciences
Pres. Gloria M. Arroyo
(NCGS)
Pres. Corazon Aquino
• National Science and Technology
Authority (NSTA) was renamed to
Department of Science and
Technology (DOST)
o DOST aimed to update
the production sector, Pres. Benigno Aquino III
improve research
activities, and develop
infrastructures.
Pres. Fidel Ramos
• Competent scientists and
engineers increased to approx.
3,000.
• Doctors to barrio program
• National program for gifted Filipino
Pres. Rodrigo Duterte
children in science and
technology.
o RA 8439 -Magna Carta
for Scientist Engineers,
Researchers, and other
personnel in
government.
o RA 7687 - Science and
Technology Scholarship
Act of 1994
o RA7459 - Inventors and
Inventions Incentives
Act
o RA 8293 - The
Intellectual Property
Code of the Philippines.
• He implemented cost-effective
irrigation technologies and
provided basic health care
services.
o RA 8749 - The Philippine
Clean Air Act of 1999
o RA 8792 - Electronic
Commerce Act of
2000
• Filipinovation - the Philippines as an
innovation hub in Asia
o RA 9367 - Biofuel Act
o RA 10601 - Agriculture
and Fisheries
Mechanization
(AFMECH)
• Philippine Space Technology
Program launched Diwata-1 in
2016
• New scientists were acknowledge
o Gavino C. Trono
o Angel C. Alcala
o Ramon C. Barba
o Edgardo D. Gomez
• Budget research and development
(R&D) increased six times over the
same period.
• Give importance to agriculture
and disaster preparedness.
• Philippine Space Technology
Program launched Diwata-2 in
2018
• Build, Build, Build Project
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Philippine Government Policies on Science
and Technology
The National Research Council of the
Philippines (NCRP) policies into four:
1. Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies
and Governance
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial
Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics
3. Medical, Chemical, and
Pharmaceutical Sciences
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture,
and Forestry
Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) Projects
• Providing funds for basic research
and patents related to science
and technology
• Providing scholarships for
undergraduate and graduate
studies of students in the field of
science and technology
• Establishing more branches of the
Philippine Science High School
System
• Balik Scientist Program to
encourage Filipino scientists
abroad to come home and work in
the Philippines.
• Developing science and
technology parks on academic
campuses to encourage
academe and industry
partnerships.
• The establishment of the National
Science Complex and National
Engineering Complex within the
University of the Philippines campus
in Diliman.
The Philippine-American Academy of Science
and Engineering (PAASE, 2008)
• Establishment of national centers of
excellence.
• Manpower and institutional
development programs, such as
the Engineering and Science
Education Program (ESEP) to
produce more Ph.D. graduates in
science and engineering
• Establishment of regional centers to
support specific industries;
• Establishment of science and
technology business centers to
assist, advise, and incubate
technopreneurship ventures; and
• Strengthen science education at
an early stage through the
Philippine Science High School
system.
Philippine-California Advanced Research
Institutes (PCARI)
VIRTUAL INSTITUTES
1. The Institute for Information
Infrastructure Development
- technology, energy, e-
government, and e-education.
2. The Institute for Health Innovation
and Translational Medicine
- health care through strategic
technology, delivery, and training,
to improve diagnosis, treatment,
and health services delivery in the
ten major causes of morbidity and
mortality in the Philippines.
The PCARI Project:
• Involves scholarship, training, and
research.
• Addresses important problems of
society using the best
technologies, the development of
technologies close to
commercialization.
Science Schools in the Philippines
Science Education in Basic and Tertiary
Education
• In basic education, learn important
concepts and facts that are
related to everyday life including
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 process skills, critical thinking skills,
and life skills.
• In tertiary education, in developing
students’science ideas and
scientific works. Also, the
preparation science-related fields.
Philippine Science High School System (PSHSS)
• A government program for gifted
students in the Philippines
• A service institute of the Department
of Science and Technology (DOST)
• Offers free scholarship basis for the
secondary courses with special
related to sciences.
Famous Filipinos in the Field of Science
Special Science Elementary Schools (SSES)
Project
• This project started in June 2007 with
57 (or 60) science elementary schools
in the country.
The SSES Project aims to:
1. Provide a learning environment to
science-inclined children through a
special curriculum that recognizes
the multiple intelligences of the
learners;
2. Promote the development of
lifelong learning skills; and
3. Foster the holistic development of
the learners.
Quezon City Regional Science High School
• The school envisions to serve as a
venue for providing maximum
opportunities for science-gifted
students to develop a spirit of inquiry
and creativity.
• The focus of its curriculum is on
science and technology.
• It is well-supported by the local
government unit and by the Parents
and Teachers Association (PTA).
Manila Science High School
• It is the first science high school in the
Philippines.
Central Visayan Institute Foundation
• It is the home and pioneer of the
prominent school-based innovation
known as the Dynamic Learning
Program (DLP).
o DLP is a synthesis of classical and
modern pedagogical theories
adapted to foster the highest level
of learning, creativity, and
productivity.
• The school takes pride in its Research
Center for Theoretical Physics (RCTP).
1. Ramon Cabanos Barba – research on
tissue culture in Philippine mangoes.
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso – observing the
characteristics of Antarctica by using
satellite images
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. – elected as officer
of the famous Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz –notable for her
research on sea snail venom.
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit –for his research on
herbal medicine ILO: Evaluate
government policies pertaining to
science and technology in terms of
Philippine contributions to nation
building. Government Policies on
Science and Technology Famous
Filipinos in the Field of Science
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III –for his
research on tilapia culture
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr. –for invention
of the meconium drugs testing
8. Lilian Formalejo Patena –for doing
research on plant biotechnology.
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz – an
outstanding educator and graph
theorist
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan – research in
the field of communications
technology.