GENERATION

OF
OVERVOLTAGE
 GENERATION OF OVER VOLTAGE

• Overvoltage in a power system fall under three category

• Resonance overvoltage
• Switching overvoltage
• Lightning overvoltage
• Overvoltage due to latter two cases transient in nature.
• Constitute basis of insulation level of lines and apparatus
and of devices for surge protection.
• Resonance overvoltage decide steady state voltage rating
of such devices.
• Transmission line up to 230kV insulation level dictated by
protection against lightning.
• For voltages 230kV to700kV both switching transient and
lightning over voltages must be accounted for.
4/8/2022 B.Tech, HVDC, by PROF. (DR) Ambarnath Banerji 2
 GENERATION OF OVER VOLTAGE

• In EHV (>700kV) switching surges cause higher

overvoltage than lightning.
• Insulation level decision is based on switching surges.
• Cables are not exposed to lightning
• Line surges attenuate upon entering cables.

4/8/2022 B.Tech, HVDC, by PROF. (DR) Ambarnath Banerji 3

 LIGHTNING OVER VOLTAGE
• Lightning naturally occurring phenomenon
• Transmission lines and towers being high objects attract
lightning strokes.
• Lightning transients may occur on account of
• Indirect stroke
• Direct stroke to phase conductors
• Direct strokes to towers
• Direct strokes to earth wires.
• Direct stroke when a thunder cloud directly discharges on to
transmission line, tower or earth. → most severe and rarest
• Indirect stroke → when thunder cloud passes over ground
object → induces positive charges.
• Over time positive charges leak from tower along string
insulator
4/8/2022 to line conductor.
B.Tech, HVDC, by PROF. (DR) Ambarnath Banerji 4
 LIGHTNING OVER VOLTAGE

• Over time positive charges leak from tower along string

insulator to line conductor.
• If cloud discharges to ground object →line left with huge
concentration of positive charges.
• Cannot leak but travels as two identical surges in either
direction → indirect stroke

4/8/2022 B.Tech, HVDC, by PROF. (DR) Ambarnath Banerji 5

 TRAVELLING WAVES

4/8/2022 B.Tech, HVDC, by PROF. (DR) Ambarnath Banerji 6

 TRAVELLING WAVES

4/8/2022 B.Tech, HVDC, by PROF. (DR) Ambarnath Banerji 7