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From today's featured article

Obverse of the United
States trade dollar
The trade dollar was a United States dollar coin minted to compete with other large silver coins that were already
popular in East Asia. The idea first came about in the 1860s, when the price of silver began to decline due to increased
mining efforts in the western United States. The Coinage Act of 1873 made trade dollars legal tender up to five dollars.
The coins were first struck in 1873, and most of the production was sent to China. Eventually, bullion producers began
converting large amounts of silver into trade dollars, causing the coins to make their way into American commercial
channels. This frustrated payees, as the coins were traded for less than one dollar each. In response to their wide
distribution in US commerce, the coins were officially demonetized in 1876, but continued to circulate. Production of
business strikes ended in 1878, though the mintage of proof coins continued until 1883. The trade dollar was
remonetized when the Coinage Act of 1965 was signed into law. (Full article...)
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Did you know ...

... that the itinerant preacher Thomas Illyricus (pictured) wrote early critiques of Martin Luther based only on sources
that Luther would accept?
... that Michael Huber's translation of Salomon Gessner's works into French made Gessner the best-known German-
language poet in Europe before Goethe?
... that 24 Hour Psycho slows down Alfred Hitchcock's 1960 film Psycho to two frames per second, stretching its
duration to a full 24 hours?
... that Moenadi was reportedly offered the post of Governor of Central Java during a flight?
... that Olivia Rodrigo wears two interlaced purple Band-Aids in the artwork for her song "Vampire"?
... that Peter Fallon, an Irish poet who translated Virgil's Georgics, also edited a 1970 beat-poetry magazine that Woodcut of Thomas
featured works by John Lennon and Allen Ginsberg? Illyricus preaching

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... that the story for Infogrames' 1992 computer game Alone in the Dark was outlined in just three days?
... that research conducted in 2020 found that squirrels are "nearly ubiquitous" on college campuses in the United States and
Canada?

In the news

In Brazil, the Superior Electoral Court bars former president Jair Bolsonaro (pictured) from running for political office
until 2030 for abuse of power before the 2022 general election.
Riots break out across France after a 17-year-old is fatally shot by police in Paris.
In Russia, the Wagner mercenary group stands down after rebelling against the government.
In China, an explosion at a restaurant in Yinchuan kills 31 people.
Ongoing: Russian invasion of Ukraine · Sudan conflict
Recent deaths: Adrian Tan · Namboothiri · Francis Wodié · Sudakshina Sarma · Syaukat Banjaransari · Bob Kerslake

Jair Bolsonaro

On this day

July 11: Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Genocide in Poland (1943)

1302 – Franco-Flemish War: Flemish infantry defeated a large French army near Kortrijk at the Battle of the Golden
Spurs.
1405 – Marking the start of Ming China's treasure voyages, an expeditionary fleet led by Zheng He (depicted) set sail for
foreign regions of the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean.
1792 – The Belfast Harp Festival, an early event in the Gaelic revival, began at the Assembly Rooms.
1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird, a novel by Harper Lee featuring themes of racial injustice and the loss of innocence in the
Deep South of America, was published.
1991 – Shortly after taking off from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 caught fire and crashed, killing all
261 people on board.
Sculpture of Zheng
Bardaisan (b. 154) · Kitty O'Brien Joyner (b. 1916) · Eusebia Cosme (d. 1976) · Satoru Iwata (d. 2015) He
More anniversaries: July 10 · July 11 · July 12

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Today's featured picture

The large red damselfly (Pyrrhosoma nymphula) is a species of damselfly belonging to the family Coenagrionidae. Found mainly in
Europe, with some populations also in northern Africa and western Asia, it inhabits small ponds, lakes and dikes, and occasionally
slow-moving rivers. Large red damselflies have black legs and wing spots in both sexes, and can reach a body length of 33 to 36
millimetres (1.3 to 1.4 in). They are often the first damselflies to emerge in the spring, usually in April or May, and adults can be found
until September in some localities. This female large red damselfly was photographed on Cumnor Hill in Oxfordshire, England. It is of
the form fulvipes, one of three colour forms for the species.

Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp

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