A MARKET RESEARCH ON ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS (EHR)

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Table of Contents
OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................3
MARKET SIZE & GROWTH....................................................................................................................3
GLOBAL.................................................................................................................................................3
KENYA...................................................................................................................................................4
Healthcare Policies and Regulatory Landscape.......................................................................................8
MARKET DRIVERS..................................................................................................................................9
MARKET RESTRAINTS...........................................................................................................................9
EHR Implementation Challenges..........................................................................................................10
MARKET SEGMENTATION..................................................................................................................12
By Product.............................................................................................................................................12
By End-use............................................................................................................................................13
By Type.................................................................................................................................................13
MicroClinic Technologies.....................................................................................................................14
HealthTech Hub Africa..........................................................................................................................15
NextGen Healthcare..............................................................................................................................16
MEDITECH..........................................................................................................................................17
Athenahealth..........................................................................................................................................18
SWOT ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................................19
Strengths................................................................................................................................................19
Weaknesses...........................................................................................................................................20
Opportunities.........................................................................................................................................20
Threats...................................................................................................................................................20

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OVERVIEW
Electronic health records (EHR), Also known as Electronic medical records
(EMR), is the digital technique of sharing a patient’s information via cloud-based
or on-premise platforms. An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a
patient’s paper chart. EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make
information available instantly and securely to authorized users. While an EHR
does contain patients' medical and treatment histories, an EHR system is built to go
beyond standard clinical data collected in a provider’s office and can be inclusive
of a broader view of a patient’s care. EHRs are a vital part of health IT and can:
 Contain a patient’s medical history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans,
immunization dates, allergies, radiology images, and laboratory and test
results
 Allow access to evidence-based tools that providers can use to make
decisions about a patient’s care
 Automate and streamline provider workflow
One of the key features of an EHR is that health information can be created and
managed by authorized providers in a digital format capable of being shared with
other providers across more than one healthcare organization. EHRs are built to
share information with other healthcare providers and organizations – such as
laboratories, specialists, medical imaging facilities, pharmacies, emergency
facilities, and school and workplace clinics – so they contain information from all
clinicians involved in a patient’s care.
With EHRs, your organization can help build a healthier future for our nation.

MARKET SIZE & GROWTH

GLOBAL
The global electronic health records market attained a value of USD 31.9 billion in
2022, driven by the surge in demand for clinical research to gain insights and
answers about the safety and effectiveness of drugs and other therapies. The
market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 6.0%% to attain a value of USD 53.7
billion by 2031 during the forecast period 2023-2031.

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With the increasing number of clinical research, the application of electronic health
records (EHR) in the segment is growing. The increasing importance of clinical
research to gain insights and answers about the safety and effectiveness of drugs
and other therapies is leading to the increased use of EHRs.
KENYA
The Kenya Electronic Health Record (EHR) market size was valued at $79 Mn in
2022 and is estimated to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
5.5% from 2022 to 2030 and will reach $122 Million in 2030. Kenya's EHR
market is growing due to the Kenyan government actively promoting the adoption
of EHR systems in the country, providing financial support to healthcare
organizations to implement these systems.

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The majority of healthcare expenditure in Kenya is funded by private sources, such
as out-of-pocket payments and private health insurance, while a smaller portion is
funded by the government. This can lead to financial strain for many people,
particularly those in low-income households, as they are often unable to afford the
cost of healthcare services.
The Kenyan government has been striving to increase access to affordable
healthcare through a number of programs, including expanding health insurance
coverage and supporting public health facilities. Initiatives have also been taken to
increase the efficiency of the healthcare system and reduce the cost of healthcare
services. EHR system adoption is still in its early stages in Kenya, but it is
projected that it will accelerate as more healthcare facilities adopt digital health
technology. The public and private sectors are collaborating to encourage the use
of EHR systems and improve access to health information for patients and
healthcare professionals. EMR usage has increased in Kenya, making it possible to
track patient health data more effectively and reduce the likelihood of medical
mistakes.
Kenya in the year 2010 assessed the functionality of existing EMR systems
implemented in Kenya through National AIDS and STI Control Program
(NASCOP) and grouped the software as: Patient Management
Software, Patient Application Data base, HMIS Software, Data Collection and
Reporting Software, Data Analysis Software, Administration/Management
Software, External Systems
Distribution of KeEMRs implementations as of June 2020
An evaluation was conducted in Kenya, a country in East Africa with
approximately 50 million persons. Recognizing the role that EHRs play in patient
data management, the government of Kenya, through the Ministry of Health
(MoH) and in collaboration with its development partners, namely Centres of
Disease Control (CDC) and the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID), has implemented EHRs in over 1,000 public health
facilities countrywide. These implementations mainly support HIV care and
treatment programs. While two EHRs (KenyaEMR and IQCare) by different
vendors were initially endorsed for national deployment in support of HIV care,
the country has since 2019 transitioned to supporting and deploying only the
KenyaEMR system (KeEMRs). In Kenya, KeEMRs is implemented in facilities
spread across 22 Counties with varying numbers of sites per county.
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This study evaluated the actual use of KeEMRs within the facilities in which the
system is deployed to inform actual EHRs usage across the country based on
computer-generated data. The study was conducted using the census method with
all 376 facilities that had KeEMRs implemented between 2012–2019 eligible to
participate. For efficiency in care delivery, these public facilities are organized into
Kenya Essential Package for Health (KEPH) service levels as follows: Level 1—
community level; Level 2—dispensaries and clinics; Level 3—Health centres,
maternity homes and sub district hospitals; Level 4—primary facilities which
include District hospitals; Level 5—secondary facilities/Provincial hospitals; and
Level 6—Tertiary/National hospitals.
Organizational characteristics of the responding facilities
Out of the 312 facilities that assented to participate in the study, 213 (68.3%)
spanning 19 Counties responded.. The responding facilities were largely between
KEPH levels 2 and 4, as these were the ones offering HIV services and in which
the EHRs was deployed. Most of these facilities offered care and treatment (C&T)
service 161(72.3%). Over 86% of these facilities were either Health Centres or
Hospitals and were largely owned and run by the Ministry of Health (88.7%). Only
9.4% of the facilities were completely paperless, with slightly over a third of the
facilities (38.0%) still doing retrospective data entry (RDE) fully.

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Electronic Medical Records Software types
According to a search done, there were 147 publications of which 21 papers from
15 sub-Saharan African countries documented the use of EHR in Africa and
were reviewed.
About 91% reported use of Open Source healthcare software, with OpenMRS
being the most widely used. Most reports were from HIV related health centers.
Barriers to adoption of EHRs include high cost of procurement and
maintenance, poor network infrastructure and lack of comfort among health
workers with electronic medical records.

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The chart below shows frequencies and percentages of the five types of EHRs
implementations in Kenya by June 2020, showing that 31% are KenyaEMR sites.

Healthcare Policies and Regulatory Landscape

In Kenya, electronic health records (EHRs) are regulated by the Ministry of Health
and the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board (KMPDB). The
regulations aim to ensure that EHRs are secure, private, and meet standards for
accuracy and quality.
The following are some of the key regulations related to EHRs in Kenya:
1. Data protection: The regulations require that EHR systems have adequate
security measures in place to protect patient data from unauthorized access,
theft, and loss

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 2. Quality standards: EHR systems must meet certain quality standards,
including accuracy, completeness, and consistency of data
3. Privacy: The regulations ensure that patient information is kept confidential
and only disclosed with the patient's consent or as required by law
4. Interoperability: EHR systems must be able to exchange data with other
systems, enabling healthcare providers to access a patient's complete health
history
5. Licensing: EHR system vendors must be licensed by the KMPDB and must
meet certain standards to operate in Kenya
These regulations help to ensure that EHRs in Kenya are secure, of high quality,
and meet the needs of patients and healthcare providers.

MARKET DRIVERS
By offering financial assistance to healthcare institutions to put these systems in
place, the Kenya government has aggressively supported the use of EHR systems
nationwide. The demand for modern healthcare solutions, such as EHR systems, is
rising as Kenya's healthcare sector expands quickly.
Additionally, thanks to technological improvements, EHR systems are now easier
to use and cheaper for Kenyan healthcare institutions. Chronic Diseases are also on
the rise: The need for efficient and effective healthcare solutions, such as EHR
systems, has increased due to the country's rising prevalence of chronic diseases.
Due to the multiple advantages EHR systems bring, including better patient care, a
decrease in medical errors, and other advantages, healthcare providers in Kenya,
including hospitals, clinics, and nursing homes, have widely implemented them.

MARKET RESTRAINTS
Patient data must be de-identified to protect data confidentiality. Even after
removing personal information, the location of a patient can still be determined by
combining data from several laboratories. To advance research and develop a real
national database, laws must be modified to allow unorthodox uses of health
records by facilities other than the patient's home facility.
One of the major factors restraining the market’s growth is the high cost associated
with EHR implementation and maintenance. Kenya’s Developing economy is
facing difficulties in adopting electronic health records due to its high price.

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EHR Implementation Challenges   
Implementation of EHR in a healthcare system is not as easy as it sounds. There
are numerous potential challenges in implementing an electronic health records
system. Being aware of the EHR challenges in advance will help the providers to
avoid unnecessary data sharing and make the transition from traditional to digital
storage of the health data process smoother. Here is a list of major hurdles
providers should be aware of while implementing EHR.
1. Cost of Implementation
It is no surprise that EHR implementation is an expensive affair. EHR selection,
implementation, and optimization will take away the lion’s share of the planned
capital budget investment. Generally, the implementation process can be classified
into five components; setting up the hardware, software costs, implementation
assistance, training for the staff, ongoing network fees, and maintenance. There
could be unplanned expenses with the EHR technology during the implementation.
Finding financial resources for EHR implementation is a major hurdles, especially
for smaller healthcare establishments.
2. Staff Resistance
There continues to be resistance amongst staff members regarding EHR
implementation in the establishment. In addition, some health practitioners are
doubtful about the efficacy of electronic health records and privacy protocols.
They may show reluctance to give up the documentation process due to the lack of
digital integration. Sometimes, the staff lacks awareness of the current
technological advancements and the comprehensive benefits of EHR
implementation. It leads to the delayed implementation of EHR.
3. Training is time-consuming
Before implementing EHR systems, the staff must be trained thoroughly about the
new workflow. The providers and the medical team have to spend extra time and
effort to understand the new system and adjust their work accordingly. It is a time-
consuming process and a hassle for the staff and the management. Small and mid-
sized organizations fear the loss of business during the training phase causing
barriers to implementing EHR systems in their organizations. Also, the staff may
sometimes consider it an unnecessary effort.  
4. Lack of usability

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Providers find it difficult to adapt if the EHR system is inadequate to fit into the
existing workflow. The one-size-fits-all rule does not suit the EHR system as the
workflow of a therapist compared to that of a cardiologist. The flaws in the design
or the inadequacy of training decrease the ease of using the EHR software.
Compromised healthcare data can have fatal consequences on patient health
outcomes.
5. Data Privacy

Another major challenge of EHR is the data privacy concerns of the patient and
provider community. The stakeholders often voice concerns over the risk of data
leakage due to a natural disaster or a cyber attack. The federal rule has imposed a
national policy to protect the confidentiality of personal health data. In a security
breach, the organization may get into a legal hassle and have to spend millions of
dollars to settle the dispute. Hence, it becomes a major responsibility of the
provider to ensure the data security of the EHR systems.
6. Data Migration
It is a logistical nightmare for the staff to export paper-based documents to digital
records. There will be large chunks of documents about the medical history of
hundreds of patients, and data entry might become a tedious and time-consuming
task for the staff. This is one of the major EHR implementation challenges for
hospitals, and effort is doubled if there is no proper format in the former system.
7. Limitation of Technical Resources
This is one of the EHR implementation challenges often faced by small clinical
establishments and private health practitioners. They rarely own an in-house team
with technical expertise and provider supervision. Moreover, they might not have
the hardware to equip the EHR solution. It is a huge expense to build an in-house
team with proper staff with adequate expertise and buy hardware, which is a
common reason for small and mid-sized healthcare providers for delaying the EHR
implementation process.

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 8. Interoperability
Interoperability is a process of integrated health data to be accessible for easier
information exchange with providers and hospitals. Interoperability enables
providers and healthcare practitioners to access patient data consolidated and
structuralized to provide better treatment and care delivery services.
Interoperability in EHR is necessary to understand a patient’s complete health
record, yet, it remains one of the major challenges in electronic health records for
proper data transference. This lack of interoperability can hinder care coordination,
and health outcomes can deter from identifying the cause of medical assistance.
9. Lack of Proper Planning
More or less, EHR implementation brings a cultural change in the organization
rather than a mere technological upgrade. Hence, the change in management
aspects of EHR implementation has become a real challenge. It needs to be
strategically planned, and commitment is expected from all stakeholders. Without
having a structuralized plan for EHR implementation can lead to data breaches and
cybersecurity threats to patient information. EHR systems' successful
implementation and sustainability can be a far-fetched dream without much
planning involved.
10. Lack of Communication
Effective communication between the healthcare provider, IT vendor, and the
patients is essential to building an EHR system that gives the desired results. It is
not a one-time activity but a continuous process to ensure that the expectations of
all parties are met. The concerns and feedback of the provider should be addressed
appropriately, and the vendor should be able to build effective tools per the
provider’s requirements. The goals cannot be met without proper communication,
creating massive EHR challenges in integrating data collection systems.

MARKET SEGMENTATION
By Product
The web-based EHR segment led the market for electronic health records,
accounted for the largest revenue share in 2022, and is expected to witness
lucrative growth over the forecast period. This large market share is attributed to
their popularity amongst physicians and healthcare providers which operate on a
smaller scale. This is because web-based EHRs can be installed without the

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requirement of in-house servers and can offer extensive customizations and
improvements as per need. 
Client-server-based EHRs provide a safer alternative for users as it offers in-
house data storage, hence preventing data theft. These can also be customized per
customer requirements and are a favorable option for multi-physician facilities.
Furthermore, they do not require a stable internet connection compared to web-
based EHRs, further driving the segment growth. 
By End-use
The hospital segment dominated the electronic health records (EHR) market and
held the largest revenue share in 2022. The growth can be attributed to the large
amount of medical data generated in hospitals. Furthermore, the cost of installation
in electronic health records is less in hospitals than in ambulatory care centers,
boosting the market growth. They also help save time for large-scale hospitals,
further fueling the market. Furthermore, due to factors such as ease of deployment,
the high adoption of electronic health records in small and midsized hospitals is
expected to drive the segment.
The ambulatory care centers are expected to witness lucrative growth over the
forecast period. Ambulatory care centers provide convenience to patients as well as
healthcare providers. The rising number of ambulatory care centers in developed
and developed economies is expected to drive the segment. Within ambulatory
care centers large-scale ambulatory care centers witness high adoption of
electronic health records as compared to small-scale ones. This is because the
installation cost of electronic health records is higher in ambulatory care centers,
and large-scale centers have easy availability of capital investments; they can also
handle productivity challenges.
By Type
The acute EHR segment dominated the market for electronic health records and
accounted for the largest revenue share of about 45.0% in 2022. The growth can be
attributed to government initiatives to adopt electronic health records in small-
scale facilities. For instance, acute care hospitals covered under the Inpatient
Prospective Payment System (IPPS) are eligible for the Medicare incentive
payment system. Acute care electronic health records generate patient information
that can provide all clinical details. These details can also be used for ICU,
emergency department, inpatient unit, and operating room purposes.
COMPETITOR ANALYSIS
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The following are the number of HER/EMR software vendors available in respect
to the features and regions:

MicroClinic Technologies

Overview
MicroClinic Technologies Limited specializes in health care management and
health systems development. The management team brings over 40 years of
combined experience in health operations and commodities management.

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MicroClinic Technologies is dedicated to training and mentoring health
professionals in East Africa.
The company supports a variety of philanthropic programs through a partnership
with the 2020 MicroClinic Initiative, which promotes access to integrated
reproductive health services and maternal and child health programs in Level 2 and
3 health centers. We are currently supporting projects in 10 rural health centers in
Nyanza Province, Kenya, in partnership with the OGRA Foundation, which is an
NGO based in Kisumu.
Website
http://microclinictech.com
Industry
Information Technology & Services
Company size
11-50 employees
Headquarters
Nairobi, Kenya
Founded
2012
Specialties
Apps Development, Health Records Management, and Cloud Computing
Location
Head Office
Nairobi, Nairobi 00100, KE
HealthTech Hub Africa

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Overview
The HealthTech Hub Africa is a hybrid pan-African health tech accelerator with a
physical co-working and community space in Kigali, Rwanda.
Website
www.thehealthtech.org
Industry
Hospitals and Health Care
Company size
2-10 employees
Founded
2021
Specialties
Health Tech
Location
Headquarters
Norrsken House Kigali, KN 78St, Kigali, RW
NextGen Healthcare

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Overview
NextGen Healthcare is on a relentless quest to improve the lives of those who
practice medicine and those they care for. They provide tailored solutions to fit the
precise needs of ambulatory practices as they strive to reach the quadruple aim
while navigating the journey of value-based care.
Website
http://ng.nextgen.com/li
Industry
Software Development
Company size
1,001-5,000 employees
Specialties
EHR, financial, and HIE solutions for hospitals, health systems, physician
practices, and other healthcare organizations, Interoperability, Connectivity,
Ambulatory, and RCM
Locations
Remote First, US
MEDITECH

Overview
MEDITECH Expanse is the EHR for a changing world. It evolves with the needs
of organizations, providers, and communities. It helps facilitate better business
practices and reduce the burdens on your clinicians. In addition, most importantly,

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improve patient outcomes. No matter the size or budget, goals are possible with the
right technology partner at the side.
Website
https://ehr.meditech.com/
Phone
1781-821-3000
Industry
IT Services and IT Consulting
Company size
1,001-5,000 employees
Headquarters
Canton, Massachusetts
Founded
1969
Athenahealth

Overview
athenahealth, vision is to create a thriving ecosystem that delivers accessible, high-
quality, and sustainable healthcare for all. With a thoughtful balance of humanity
and technology, athenahealth is able to uncover meaningful healthcare insights that
can help create healthier futures for families, communities, and ourselves.
In 2021, athenahealth received 16 workplace awards, earning a spot in the large
company category on The Boston Globe’s Top Places to Work 2021, the Greater
Austin Top Workplaces 2021, the Best Places to Work in Maine for 2021, and

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worldwide recognition as a Silver winner in the 2021 Stevie® Awards for Great
Employers, among others.
Website
http://www.athenahealth.com
Phone
1 (800) 981-5084
Industry
IT Services and IT Consulting
Company size
5,001-10,000 employees
Headquarters
Watertown, MA
Founded
1997
Specialties
Revenue Cycle Management, Patient Engagement, Medical Billing, Care
Coordination, Population Health Management, Point-of-care mobile apps,
Electronic Health Records (EHR), and health information technology

SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
 Personalized service
 Exchanging patient Information Electronically with hospitals or other
Medical Institutions
 Quality of care
 Work efficiency and time management
 Saving cost of care

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Weaknesses
 Technological backwardness
 Lack of Medical Information Talent
 Shortage of Financial Support
 Overreliance on EHR System
Opportunities
 Growing Demand for Medical and Health
 The Growth of healthcare spending
 Self-awareness of Healthcare and Health Management
 Development of the Healthcare Industry
Threats
 Security of Data
 Privacy of data (access control)
 Imperfect Standards and Legal issues

African Countries with the Best Healthcare Systems (2022)

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Health Care Index is an estimation that evaluates the overall quality of the
healthcare system, including factors such as healthcare professionals, equipment,
staff, doctors, and costs. It provides an assessment of the healthcare infrastructure,
services, and resources available in a specific location.
Health Care Exp Index is designed to reflect the quality of a healthcare system by
emphasizing the positive aspects more significantly through an exponential
increase while also emphasizing the native aspects more significantly.
It is important to note that the Health Care Index provided is based on user-
contributed data and perceptions, which may vary. The index is a comparative tool
to evaluate and compare healthcare systems across different cities or countries,
assisting in understanding the healthcare landscape.
Facilities and Systems Reviewed
According to a report from the MOH, there were 17 different EMR systems
reviewed in 28 health facilities. The table below shows the distribution of the 17
systems across the facilities. C-PAD and IQ Care were reviewed in 4 facilities
whereas OpenMRS AMPATH was reviewed in 3 facilities. The following tables
show the finding in respect to specific features and measures.

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Kenyatta National Hospital
This is the largest and oldest hospital in Kenya. It is also the teaching hospital of
the university of Nairobi college of health sciences. It was built in 1901 With the
bed capacity of 40,as the Native Civil Hospital.
Right now the hospital is at a bed capacity of 1800 .It has 50 wards,22out patient
clinics,24 theaters,16 of which are specialized and Accident and Emergency
Department. Out of 1800 beds,209 are for the private wing.

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The hospital runs several out patient facilities which include Paediatric Emergency
Unit (PEU), Accidents & Emergency and specialized clinics.

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Below is the summary of computerized departments in Kenyan Public hospitals.

Government e-services
The increased internet penetration can be attributed to the shift in the manner in
which government services are offered. Government services have slowly found
their way unto the e-platforms thereby helping reduce lead time and improve
efficiency in offering these services.
In 2016, a study on various public institutions found that learning institutions led in
offering e-services with 74.30% of their services being offered over the internet.
Hospitals were found to be the public institutions with least services offered on the
internet with only 24.70%.
It is important to note that the government of Kenya has this week announced that
it is planning to launch a digital ID by the end of February 2024. This will digitize
every service in Kenya including medical records. There is no better time than now
to get into the Kenyan Medical Market with a less complex and not overpriced
EHR system for a country that is developing and with limited technological skills.
This will help meet the needs of around 91.6% of the facilities that are not
completely paperless and a medical mobile app that will serve more than 50
Million Kenyans.

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http://youtu.be/z_BVPpWslwA

Source of Data: Communication Authority of Kenya 2016

Mobile Phones Access
Exponential growth in access to mobile phones over the last decades has spurred
development of the field of mobile health (mHealth), defined as the use of mobile
devices to support health and healthcare. While a large body of work exists on
using short message service (SMS) text messaging and voice calls for health
interventions in high- and low-income settings, expanding access to smartphones
and the internet in recent years has provided mHealth platforms with new
functionality, such as creation of interactive virtual communities and sharing of
multimedia content
Recent data show that access to mobile phones has grown dramatically over the
last decade in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya in 2020, mobile phone penetration
among adults was 98%, with 43% of adults using the internet (96% of them on
smartphones rather than computers) and 17% using social media (98% of them on
smartphones). Kenya has seen broad uptake of mobile technology, with higher
phone penetration than the global average (67%) and near-universal use of mobile
banking through M-PESA (as of 2016, 96% of Kenyan households). Internet and
social media access remains lower than the global average (59% and 49%
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respectively). Less data exist regarding smartphone and social media access
specifically among Kenyan youth under age 25 years.

Infrastructure and Hardware Inadequate infrastructure for ongoing EMRs data

management, and secure storage of equipment and health records was reported by
all assessments. Absence of electronic security at all sites was reported by the
NASCOP assessment, while frequent interruptions or non-existence of electricity
in many institutions was cited by the HMIS and NASCOP assessment reports, with
some sites relying on UPS or generators for power back up. Inadequate ICT
management support was also an issue at facility, field health records offices and
HQ levels. According to the CDC and HMIS assessments, some sites rely on
external ICT support (from Nairobi or US-based headquarters or other vendor).
The CDC assessment revealed 5 IT staff at central level for a single EMR, and a
1/300 to 1/3,000 IT staff per patients ratio; while the AMRS was relying on open
source community for internet based software support and a local implementation
team. For connectivity, it was noted that most facilities in which the EMRs run did
not have a Local Area Network in place, or an internet connectivity setup

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The quality of healthcare in health institutions in Kenya shows that institutional
characteristics comprise top management involvement, leadership, organizational
structure, technical support, training, and participation of health workers in
documenting patient records.
Most healthcare facilities are struggling with obstacles such as the acquisition of
ICT equipment, which is very expensive, power failures, inadequate human
resources in most developing countries.
The record varies with a specific type of care given to different clients; Top
management use different departments, for example, the Antenatal clinic
department to gather information based on antenatal services, which includes;
family planning methods, child welfare, etc., and also the outpatient department for
outpatient services, inpatient department for inpatient services and comprehensive
care department for chronic diseases and HIV/AIDs. The diversity of these
services requires training of health workers working in those departments to equip
them with adequate skills in the documentation. Each department has a designed
tool required for documentation and subsequent clinical monitoring and follows up
on the patients‟ progress. This relies heavily on health workers' skills in records
management procedures 
A health facility requires the provision of more technical support staff, requisite
documents for documentation, and staff training on documentation would achieve
the desired level of compliance to the medical records documentation SOP. Public
hospitals digitize their own paper record, the data clerks, data officers, lab staff,
ICT Officers and health record Information officers mostly do this. Most private
hospitals outsource a separate entity to digitize the paper records.

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