ST.

PIUS X HIGH SCHOOL

RAMNAGAR, HYDERABAD

CLASS: V SUB: SOCIAL STUDIES

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Instructions:
1. Download Vth Class e-text book from www.scert.telangana.gov.in
2. Mention the date and write neatly without spelling mistakes

LS. NO.2 AGRICULTURE–CROPS

Activity:
Ploughing
Selling in the Adding manure
market

Stages in
Transportation cultivation of Sowing seeds
crop

Final yield of the Spraying pesticides

crop
Harvesting

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Harvesting
Spade
machine Sickle

Plantation Plough
machine Agricultural
Tools

Paddy cutting Crowbar

machine

Harrow
 Hard words:
1. Agriculture
2. Stages in cultivation
3. Water facility
4. Seeds
5. Agriculture equipment
6. Storage of seeds
7. Crop production
8. Sustainable agriculture
9. Poultry farm
10. Dairy farm
11. Agricultural practices
12. Pesticides

Meaning:
1. Agriculture = practice of farming.
2. Cultivation = process of growing crops.
3. Equipment = tools used in agriculture.
4. Poultry = place where hens are reared.
5. Production = things that have been produced or grown.
6. Dairy farm = place where cows and buffaloes are reared for milk
production.
7. Pesticides = a substance used for destroying pests.
8. Yield = production of crops.
9. Machinery = machines used to help the farmers to reduce manual
work.
10. Harvesting = the process of gathering crops or reaping of crops.
11. Farmer = a person who cultivates crops.
12. Preserve = to store.
13. Mono crop = single crop.
14. Fertility = producing abundantly.
15. Vermicompost = the use of earthworms to convert waste into
fertilizer.
16. Fertilizer = add a substance/chemical to the soil to make it fertile.
17. Organic = produce naturally without adding any artificial chemical
or fertilizer.
18. Manure = animal dung used as fertilizers.
19. Society = people living together in a community.
20. Environment = the surrounding in which a person, animal or plant
live.

Important Points:
1. The process of growing crops is known as agriculture.
2. Different stages are involved in agriculture, right from the
ploughing of land to the final harvesting of crop.
3. Different types of equipment are used in agriculture process.
4. Different machinery used in agriculture has reduced the manual
work and also helped in better yield of the crop.
5. Seeds are the basic and important requirement for any crop
cultivation.
6. Now- a- days seeds are mostly sold in the market, unlike in olden
days where seeds are preserved for the next crop.
7. Growing of more than one crop in same place and at the same time
is called intercropping.
8. Instead of chemical pesticides bio pesticides should be encouraged.
Conceptual Understanding:
Q1. What is cultivation?
A) The process of growing crops is called cultivation.
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Q2. What are the modern equipment that are used in cultivation?
A) The modern equipment that are being used in cultivation are:
1. Plantation machine
2. Harvesting machine
3. Paddy cutting machine
4. Land leveller
5. Grain drill
6. Motor pump etc.
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Q3. Give examples for crops that need less water.
A) The crops which need less water are called rain fed crops.
Ex: Red gram, Jowar and groundnut are the crops that need less water.
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Q4. It's not good to use chemical fertilizers. Why?
A) Yes, it's not good to use chemical fertilizers. They are poisonous and if
human beings swallow them by mistake or intentionally they face death.
It kills useful insects along with the harmful ones. Soil fertility decreases
gradually with the usage of chemical fertilizers. It also increases soil and
atmospheric pollution.
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Q5. What are bio fertilizers? Why should we use only them?
A) The organic inputs to the crop which are of biological origin are called
as bio fertilizers. Example: Cow dung, neem leaves, neem bark. It is good
to use bio fertilizers because they are eco-friendly. They do not cause
environmental pollution and kill the harmful insects.
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Q6.What are the advantages of preserving seeds?
A) The advantages of preserving seeds are:
 We can use those seeds at the right time for sowing.
 We need not go around the market many times.
 There is no need of spending money.
 We can assure the quality of the seeds.
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Q7. Agriculture is a good profession. Justify.
A) Yes, agriculture is a good profession as it provides food, livelihood
and employment to many people, especially to the youth of our
country. So, if people grow good crops and get good yield, they
will earn a lot of profit.
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Fill in the blanks

1. The process of growing crops is called cultivation.

2. Equipment plays an important role in cultivation.
3. Tractors are used in tilling the land.
4. The Deccan development society is supporting farmers in practicing
sustainable cultivation.
5. Panchagavya is a liquid form of manure.
6. Farmers spray pesticides to protect crops from insects and to get good
yield.
7. Instead of using chemical pesticides, it would be better to use
bio pesticides.
8. Rice, wheat, jowar, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits are called as
food crops.
9. Cotton, jute and mirchi are called as commercial or cash crops.
10. Jowar and groundnuts are called as rain fed crops.
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Questioning – hypothesis

Q1) What questions would you ask a farmer to know details about a
crop grown in your village?
A) 1.what are the basic things required for growing crops?
2. What fertilizers do you use to make the soil fertile?
3. What are the pesticides used to control the crop diseases?
4. What are the fertilizers and techniques to be used to get good yield?
5. When will the crops be ready to harvest?
6. What is the expenditure incurred in cultivation of a crop?
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Q2. Frame few questions on the usage of machinery in farming.
A) 1. What types of machines are used in cultivating the land?
2. Will the machinery be effective in cultivating the land?
3. Will the machinery reduce manual work?
4. Does the machines require power supply?
5. Are they expensive? How do they work?
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Experiments- field observation

a) Buy some fruits from the market. Wash the fruits in a bowl and
observe the water. Tell your observation points.
A) I bought some fruits from the market and washed them in a bowl of
water. I could observe a colour change in the water, it is because of dust
particles and mud particles collected on fruits.
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b) Sow the seeds of jowar, millets, red gram and groundnut in a broken
pot or flower pot. Observe the growth of the plants. Find out the
height of each plant and write in your notebook.
A) If the seeds of jowar, groundnut, millet and red gram are sown in the
pot, the seeds of jowar and groundnut will germinate and grow into a
plant, whereas the other two seeds millets and red gram will germinate
slowly.This is done because of the difference between the duration of
the germination of a seed.
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Information skills

Q. Meet the farmers in your locality and prepare a report on the issue
they are facing.
A) 1.The farmers are facing many problems in doing cultivation, buying
the seeds and selling their products in the market.
2. They do not have the knowledge about the latest techniques of
farming.
3. They are duped by the merchants who deal with the seeds by giving
them inferior quality of seeds which leads to poor quality and yield.
4. The farmers yield is purchased at cheaper rate in the market.
5. They face financial crisis.
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Appreciation

a) Farmers labour is hidden in the food we eat. What is your opinion

on this?
A) My opinion about the above sentence is true. I agree and appreciate
the farmer’s hard work. They work right from the beginning till the
harvesting of the crop. They toil in the hot sun, heavy rains and cold
weather. They also counter many poisonous insects and reptiles in the
forest. They suffer all these to give us food. So, we must be always
thankful the farmers.
b) How do you feel when you look at the green fields?
A) It is pleasant and beautiful to look at green fields. I feel very happy,
excited and want to play, run and relax in the green fields.
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C) Where do you want to spend more time - at school; at home; or in
green fields. Why?
A) I want to spend more time in green field because the greenery gives
fresh air and pleasantness to my eyes.
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d) How would you contribute in keeping the earth green?
A) In keeping the earth green, I would like to contribute by planting more
saplings and encourage others to do the same. I would never cut trees
for my selfish needs and would encourage my friends to fill our earth
with many plants and make it look green.
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(Ls. No. 2 notes completed)