St. Paul University Dumaguete (St.

Paul University System)

Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

INFECTOUS DISEASE

MICROBIOLOGY
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

Name: Christine B. Adelan Date: July 1, 2023

Section: BSN-1B

TYPE OF INFECTION (BACTERIAL, MODE OF SIGNS AND TREATMENT AND

INFECTIOUS DISEASES CAUSATIVE AGENT DIAGNOSTICS
FUNGAL,VIRAL,PARASITIC,PROTOZOA) TRANSMISSION SYMPTOMS PREVENTION

Diagnosis is
Nausea,
usually based on
vomiting,
symptoms and a
Consumption of abdominal
history of
food that is cramps, Supportive care is usually
consuming
contaminated diarrhea, and sufficient, as the illness is self-
contaminated
with sometimes limiting. Prevention involves
food. Laboratory
Staphylococcus Staphylococcus fever. practicing good food hygiene,
Food poisoning by S. aureus BACTERIAL tests may also
aureus aureus, usually Symptoms such as proper handwashing,
be conducted to
due to typically refrigeration of perishable
identify the
improper food appear within a foods, and avoiding cross-
presence of
handling and few hours of contamination.
Staphylococcus
storage. consuming
aureus and its
contaminated
toxins in food
food.
samples.
Sore throat,
Treatment typically involves
high fever,
Diagnosis is antibiotics (e.g., penicillin) to
Spread through bright red rash
based on clinical eradicate bacterial infection.
respiratory (starting on the
symptoms, Preventive measures include
droplets from neck and chest
throat swab proper hand hygiene, avoiding
infected and spreading
Scarlet fever by Streptococcus culture to close contact with infected
BACTERIAL individuals or to the rest of
Streptococcus pyogenes pyogenes identify individuals, and prompt
by direct the body),
Streptococcus treatment of strep throat to
contact with "strawberry"
pyogenes, and reduce the risk of
infected tongue,
rapid antigen complications.
wounds. swollen tonsils,
tests.
and enlarged
lymph nodes.
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

Diagnosis is
typically made
through a
Most cases are
physical There is no cure for HPV, but
asymptomatic,
examination and genital warts can be treated
Sexual contact, but some
Human detection of HPV or removed. Prevention
including individuals may
Cervical papilloma VIRAL Papillomavirus(HP DNA through includes HPV vaccination,
vaginal, anal, or develop genital
V) molecular tests. practicing safe sex, and
oral sex. warts on or
Pap smear and regular cervical cancer
around the
HPV testing may screenings
cervix.
be performed to
screen for
cervical cancer.
Cold sores or
fever blisters Diagnosis is
Direct contact around the usually based on
Antiviral medications can help
with oral mouth, tingling clinical
reduce the severity and
secretions or or itching symptoms and
duration of symptoms.
sores of an sensation may be
Herpes Simplex Prevention involves avoiding
infected before the confirmed by
Herpes simplex 1 (HHV-1) VIRAL Virus type 1 (HSV- direct contact with active
individual, often blisters appear, laboratory tests,
1) lesions, practicing good
through kissing, pain or burning such as viral
hygiene, and refraining from
sharing utensils at the site, and culture or
sharing personal items during
or personal flu-like polymerase
outbreaks.
items. symptoms chain reaction
during the (PCR).
initial infection.
tophytoses (discuss only one FUNGAL Various types of Direct contact Tophytoses are Diagnosis is Antifungal medications, such
type of fungi that causes it) fungi can cause with infected fungal often made as topical creams or oral
tophytoses, such humans or infections of based on clinical medications, are commonly
as Trichophyton, animals, or the skin, hair, symptoms, used to treat tophytoses.
Microsporum, and through contact or nails. microscopic Prevention involves
Epidermophyton with Symptoms may examination of maintaining good personal
species. contaminated vary depending skin, hair, or nail hygiene, avoiding sharing
objects or on the specific samples, and personal items, and keeping
surfaces. type of fungal culture. skin clean and dry.
infection but
can include
itching,
redness,
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

scaling, rash,
hair loss, and
nail
abnormalities.

Women may
experience
vaginal itching,
abnormal Diagnosis is
discharge typically made
(frothy and through
greenish- microscopic
Trichomoniasis can be treated
yellow), examination of
Trichomonas with prescription oral
Sexual contact, discomfort vaginal or
vaginalis antibiotics. Prevention
including during urethral
Trichomonas vaginalis PROTOZOA/PARASITIC (protozoan involves practicing safe sex by
vaginal urination or discharge, or
parasite) using condoms and being in a
intercourse. sexual through
mutually monogamous
intercourse, molecular tests
relationship.
and vaginal such as nucleic
odor. Men may acid
have mild amplification
symptoms or tests (NAAT).
be
asymptomatic
carriers.
Pulmonary disease caused by FUNGAL Histoplasma Inhalation of Pulmonary Diagnosis Antifungal medications are
Histoplasmosis duboisii capsulatum fungal spores histoplasmosis involves various used to treat severe or
present in soil can cause flu- laboratory tests, disseminated cases of
contaminated like symptoms including histoplasmosis. Prevention
with bird or bat such as fever, microscopy, includes avoiding exposure to
droppings. cough, chest fungal culture, environments with high
pain, fatigue, antigen concentrations of bird or bat
and shortness detection, and droppings, such as caves or
of breath. molecular tests. areas with heavy
Severe cases contamination.
may lead to
complications
and
disseminated
disease
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

affecting other
organs.
Symptoms vary
depending on
the location of
the infection.
Consumption of
Intestinal Diagnosis may
undercooked
infection may involve stool Medications to eliminate the
pork containing
cause examination for tapeworm and cysts are used
the larval stage
abdominal eggs or imaging for treatment. Prevention
of Taenia
pain, nausea, tests, such as involves cooking pork
Taenia solium solium, or
Taenia solium PARASITIC diarrhea, and computed thoroughly, maintaining good
(pork tapeworm) through fecal-
weight loss. tomography (CT) hygiene practices, and
oral
Larval cysts in or magnetic improving sanitation and
contamination
other tissues resonance hygiene standards.
due to poor
can lead to imaging (MRI),
sanitation
neurological to detect cysts.
practices.
symptoms,
including
seizures and
headaches.
Diagnosis
Inhalation of Persistent involves various
respiratory cough (often tests, including Tuberculosis is treated with a
droplets with blood- tuberculin skin combination of antibiotics for
containing tinged test (Mantoux several months. Prevention
Mycobacterium sputum), chest test), interferon- involves vaccination (BCG
Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis BACTERIAL tuberculosis pain, fatigue, gamma release vaccine in some regions),
tuberculosis
from an weight loss, assays (IGRAs), early detection, proper
infected person fever, night chest X-rays, and treatment of active cases, and
with active sweats, and sputum culture infection control measures to
pulmonary loss of for prevent transmission.
tuberculosis. appetite. Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
Chicken pox VIRAL Varicella-zoster Respiratory Diagnosis is Treatment involves managing
virus (VZV) droplets from Itchy rash usually based on symptoms (e.g., using
infected characterized clinical antihistamines for itching) and
individuals or by small, red, symptoms. preventing secondary
direct contact fluid-filled Laboratory tests, infections. Vaccination with
with fluid from blisters that such as viral the varicella vaccine is an
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

eventually
crust over, culture or
fever, polymerase
chickenpox headache, chain reaction
effective preventive measure.
blisters. fatigue, and (PCR), may be
mild done in certain
respiratory cases.
symptoms.
High fever,
Diagnosis is
Inhalation of cough, runny
often based on
respiratory nose, red and
clinical
droplets or watery eyes, Supportive care is provided to
symptoms.
direct contact rash (starting manage symptoms. The
Laboratory tests,
Measles VIRAL Measles virus with nasal or on the face and measles vaccine (MMR
such as serologic
throat spreading to vaccine) is highly effective for
testing or PCR,
secretions of the body), and prevention.
may be used to
infected small white
confirm the
individuals. spots inside the
diagnosis.
mouth.
Symptoms of a
UTI caused by
UTIs caused by
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas
may include
often occur as a Treatment involves antibiotic
frequent and Diagnosis is
result of therapy targeted against
urgent made through a
catheterization, Pseudomonas strains.
urination, pain urine culture,
Pseudomonas urinary tract Prevention measures include
UTI by Pseudomonas BACTERIAL or burning which identifies
aeruginosa abnormalities, maintaining good hygiene,
during the presence of
or exposure to proper catheter care, and
urination, Pseudomonas
contaminated infection control practices in
cloudy or bacteria.
water or healthcare settings.
bloody urine,
healthcare
and lower
settings.
abdominal
pain.
Candidemia FUNGAL Candida species Candidemia Symptoms may Diagnosis Treatment involves antifungal
(yeast) usually occurs include fever, involves blood medications administered
when Candida chills, rapid cultures that intravenously. Prevention
species enter heartbeat, identify the measures include strict
the hypotension, presence of adherence to infection control
bloodstream and signs of Candida species. practices, proper insertion
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

through
intravenous
catheters, and maintenance of
organ
surgical intravenous catheters, and
dysfunction.
wounds, or judicious use of antibiotics.
other sources
of infection.
Treatment includes oral
Symptoms may
Ingestion of medications to eliminate the
include Diagnosis
Giardia cysts Giardia parasite. Prevention
diarrhea, involves testing
Giardia lamblia through measures include practicing
abdominal stool samples for
Giardiasis PARASITIC (intestinal contaminated good hygiene, drinking safe
pain, bloating, the presence of
parasite) food or water and treated water, and
flatulence, Giardia cysts or
sources. avoiding consumption of
fatigue, and antigens.
contaminated food and
weight loss.
water.
HIV is primarily
transmitted HIV infection
through may initially
unprotected present with
sexual contact, flu-like
sharing symptoms,
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is
contaminated followed by a Diagnosis
used to manage HIV infection.
needles, long involves testing
Prevention strategies include
Human mother-to-child asymptomatic for HIV
VIRAL safe sex practices, needle
AIDS Immunodeficiency transmission phase. In antibodies or
exchange programs, pre-
Virus (HIV) during advanced viral RNA/DNA
exposure prophylaxis (PrEP),
childbirth or stages, it can through blood
and education about HIV
breastfeeding, lead to severe tests.
transmission.
and less immunodeficie
commonly ncy and various
through blood opportunistic
transfusions or infections and
organ cancers.
transplants.
Tetanus BACTERIAL Clostridium tetani Tetanus occurs Symptoms Diagnosis is Treatment involves wound
(bacterium) when the include muscle primarily based cleaning, administration of
spores of stiffness and on clinical tetanus immune globulin
Clostridium spasms, symptoms and (TIG), and tetanus toxoid
tetani enter the particularly in medical history. vaccination. Prevention is
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

the jaw
(lockjaw), neck,
and abdominal
body through muscles. Other achieved through routine
contaminated symptoms may immunization with the
wounds, include tetanus vaccine (usually
punctures, or difficulty included in the DTaP or Tdap
burns. swallowing, vaccines).
muscle rigidity,
sweating, and
fever.
Hepatitis A is Symptoms may
usually include fatigue,
transmitted loss of
Treatment focuses on
through the appetite, Diagnosis
supportive care. Prevention
ingestion of nausea, involves blood
measures include practicing
Hepatitis A virus contaminated abdominal tests that detect
Hepatitis A VIRAL good hygiene, consuming safe
(HAV) food or water, pain, jaundice antibodies or
and clean food and water, and
or through (yellowing of viral RNA for
vaccination with the hepatitis
close contact the skin and HAV.
A vaccine.
with an eyes), dark
infected urine, and pale
person. stools.
Diagnosis is
primarily based
Symptoms may
on clinical
include blurred Treatment involves
Consumption of symptoms and
vision, difficulty supportive care and
food may be
swallowing, administration of antitoxin.
contaminated confirmed
Clostridium muscle Prevention measures include
Food poisoning by with the through
BACTERIAL botulinum weakness, proper food handling,
Clostridium botulinum botulinum toxin laboratory tests
(bacterium) paralysis, and processing, and storage
produced by to detect the
potentially life- techniques to prevent
Clostridium botulinum toxin
threatening bacterial growth and toxin
botulinum. or the presence
respiratory production.
of Clostridium
failure.
botulinum in the
food source.
Cryptococcus Inhalation of Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment includes antifungal
Cryptococcosis FUNGAL neoformans or fungal spores depend on the involves medications. Prevention is
Cryptococcus gattii found in soil or site of infection laboratory tests challenging, but avoiding
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

but may such as

include lung microscopic
infections, examination, exposure to contaminated
bird droppings.
(fungi) meningitis, skin fungal culture, environments may reduce the
lesions, and and detection of risk.
other specific antigens
manifestations. or DNA.
Symptoms vary
depending on
the type of
leishmaniasis Diagnosis Treatment options include
but may involves antiparasitic medications.
Bite of infected include skin microscopic Preventive measures include
Leishmania
Leishmaniasis PARASITIC female sores, fever, examination of vector control (insecticide
parasites
sandflies. weight loss, tissue samples use, bed nets) and protective
and or detection of clothing to prevent sandfly
enlargement of parasite DNA. bites.
the spleen and
liver in more
severe cases.
Early
symptoms may
include fever, Diagnosis is
headache, and usually based on
discomfort at clinical
Immediate wound cleaning,
Bite or scratch the site of the symptoms and
administration of rabies
from an bite. As the history of
vaccine, and immunoglobulin
infected animal, disease exposure to an
therapy are crucial after
Rabies VIRAL Rabies virus typically dogs, progresses, infected animal.
exposure. Vaccination of pets,
bats, raccoons, neurological Laboratory tests
wildlife control measures, and
or other symptoms may be
public education contribute to
mammals. develop, such performed on
prevention.
as agitation, samples from
confusion, the patient or
paralysis, and animal.
ultimately
coma or death.
Bite of infected Symptoms may Diagnosis Treatment focuses on
Dengue VIRAL Dengue virus Aedes range from involves supportive care. Prevention
mosquitoes, mild fever, laboratory tests includes mosquito control
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

headache, and
muscle/joint
pain (dengue
fever) to measures (eliminating
to detect viral
severe dengue breeding sites) and personal
primarily Aedes RNA or
with bleeding, protective measures (using
aegypti. antibodies in
organ mosquito repellents, wearing
blood samples.
impairment, protective clothing).
and potentially
fatal
complications.
Symptoms
include profuse
Treatment involves
watery
Diagnosis is rehydration with oral
diarrhea,
Consumption of based on clinical rehydration solutions or
vomiting, and
Vibrio cholerae contaminated symptoms and intravenous fluids in severe
dehydration.
Cholera (bacterium) food or water, laboratory tests cases. Prevention focuses on
Severe cases
BACTERIAL often due to to detect Vibrio improving sanitation, access
can lead to
poor sanitation. cholerae in stool to clean water, and hygiene
rapid fluid loss
samples. practices.
and electrolyte
imbalances.

Diagnosis
Symptoms may involves clinical
Treatment includes antibiotics
include high evaluation,
effective against Rickettsia.
fever, serological tests,
Bites of Preventive measures focus on
Rickettsia bacteria headache, and molecular
Typhus BACTERIAL infected fleas, controlling the vectors and
(various species) rash, muscle techniques to
tick or lice. avoiding exposure to them.
pain, and in detect the
severe cases, presence of
organ damage. Rickettsia
bacteria.
Microsporidiosis FUNGAL Microsporidia Ingestion or Symptoms vary Diagnosis Treatment options are limited
(microscopic fungi) inhalation of depending on involves but may involve antifungal
spores from the site of identifying the medications. Preventive
contaminated infection but spores or measures include good
water, soil, or may include genetic material hygiene practices, water
food. diarrhea, of Microsporidia filtration, and avoiding
respiratory in clinical exposure to potentially
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

symptoms, eye
infections, and
systemic illness
in individuals samples. contaminated environments.
with weakened
immune
systems.
Diagnosis
Symptoms can
involves
range from
laboratory tests
Ingestion of asymptomatic Treatment includes specific
to detect the
food or water infection to antiprotozoal medications.
presence of
PROTOZOA Entamoeba contaminated diarrhea, Prevention measures include
Amoebiasis Entamoeba
histolytica with the cysts abdominal practicing good hygiene, safe
histolytica in
of Entamoeba pain, and, in food handling, and access to
stool samples or
histolytica. severe cases, clean water sources.
serological tests
dysentery and
to detect
liver abscesses.
antibodies.
Symptoms
typically Diagnosis
Treatment depends on the
include involves
species of Plasmodium and
recurring fever, microscopic
the severity of the infection.
Bite of infected chills, sweats, examination of
Preventive measures include
PARASITIC Plasmodium female headache, and blood smears or
Malaria mosquito control (insecticide-
PROTOZOA parasites Anopheles fatigue. In rapid diagnostic
treated bed nets, indoor
mosquitoes. severe cases, tests to detect
residual spraying) and
malaria can the presence of
antimalarial medication for
cause anemia, Plasmodium
individuals at risk.
organ damage, parasites.
and death.
Syphilis BACTERIAL Treponema Sexual contact Syphilis Diagnosis Syphilis is treated with
pallidum (including oral, progresses involves blood antibiotics, typically penicillin.
vaginal, or anal through stages, tests to detect Prevention measures include
sex) with an including antibodies or practicing safe sex, using
infected primary direct tests to barrier methods (condoms),
individual, or (characterized identify the and early detection and
transmission by a painless presence of treatment of infected
from mother to sore at the site Treponema individuals.
baby during of infection), pallidum.
pregnancy or secondary
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

(rash, fever,
flu-like
symptoms),
latent
(asymptomatic)
childbirth
, and tertiary
(congenital
(potentially
syphilis).
affecting
multiple organs
and causing
severe
complications).
Early
symptoms may
include a
characteristic
bull's eye rash Diagnosis Treatment with antibiotics is
Bite of infected (erythema involves clinical effective in the early stages.
black-legged migrans), flu- evaluation, Preventive measures include
ticks (Ixodes like symptoms, antibody tests, avoiding tick-infested areas,
Borrelia
Lyme disease BACTERIAL ticks) carrying and joint pain. and wearing protective clothing,
burgdorferi
the Borrelia If untreated, it confirmatory using tick repellents, and
burgdorferi can lead to tests like PCR or conducting thorough tick
bacteria. more severe culture in certain checks after potential
manifestations cases. exposure.
affecting the
joints, heart,
and nervous
system.
Leptospirosis BACTERIAL Leptospira bacteria Contact with Symptoms can Diagnosis Treatment includes
water, soil, or range from involves clinical antibiotics. Prevention
food mild flu-like evaluation, measures include avoiding
contaminated illness to serological tests, contact with potentially
with urine from severe and detection of contaminated environments,
infected manifestations Leptospira DNA rodent control, and personal
animals, affecting in blood or urine protective measures.
especially multiple samples.
rodents. organs,
potentially
leading to
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

kidney and
liver failure.
Symptoms vary
depending on
Inhalation of
the type of
fungal spores Diagnosis Treatment depends on the
aspergillosis
found in the involves imaging type and severity of the
but may
environment, tests, laboratory infection but may include
include
particularly in tests (cultures or antifungal medications and
FUNGAL respiratory
Aspergillosis Aspergillus fungi decaying molecular surgery. Prevention involves
symptoms,
organic matter detection), and reducing exposure to
allergic
or examination of Aspergillus spores,
reactions, or
contaminated clinical particularly in individuals with
invasive
air conditioning specimens. weakened immune systems.
disease
systems.
affecting
various organs.
Contact with
freshwater
contaminated
Symptoms may
with the larvae Diagnosis
include fever,
of Schistosoma involves Treatment includes
rash,
parasites, microscopic antiparasitic medications.
abdominal
typically during examination of Preventive measures focus on
PARASITIC Schistosoma pain, and, in
Schistosomiasis activities like stool or urine avoiding contact with
parasites chronic cases,
swimming, samples to contaminated water sources,
damage to the
bathing, or detect parasite improving sanitation, and
liver, spleen,
using eggs or specific health education.
bladder, or
contaminated antigen tests.
other organs.
water for
drinking or
irrigation.
Ascariasis PARASITIC Ascaris Ingestion of Most infections Diagnosis is Treatment involves
lumbricoides eggs present in are typically based anthelmintic medications.
soil or on asymptomatic, on identification Preventive measures include
contaminated but heavy of Ascaris eggs in improved sanitation, hygiene
hands or food. infestations stool samples. practices, and public health
can cause education.
abdominal
pain, diarrhea,
and, in rare
 St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

cases,
intestinal
blockage or
migration to
other organs.
Most polio
infections are
Fecal-oral
asymptomatic. There is no cure for polio, but
route, often
However, in Diagnosis vaccination with the polio
through
some cases, involves vaccine (inactivated or oral
contaminated
the virus can laboratory tests polio vaccine) is highly
water or food,
cause flu-like to detect the effective in preventing
Polio VIRAL Poliovirus or by direct
symptoms, presence of infection. Global polio
contact with an
meningitis, or poliovirus in eradication efforts also focus
infected
paralytic polio, stool samples or on improving sanitation and
person's feces
which can lead throat swabs. hygiene to reduce
or oral
to permanent transmission.
secretions.
paralysis or
death.
Common
Primarily
symptoms
through
include fever, Diagnosis Treatment varies based on
respiratory
cough, involves the severity of symptoms and
droplets when
shortness of molecular tests may include supportive care,
an infected
Severe Acute breath, fatigue, like polymerase antiviral drugs, and
person coughs,
Respiratory loss of taste or chain reaction supplemental oxygen.
sneezes, talks,
Covid-19 VIRAL Syndrome smell, and (PCR) to detect Prevention measures include
or breathes. It
Coronavirus 2 muscle or body the genetic vaccination, wearing masks,
can also spread
(SARS-CoV-2) aches. In material of practicing hand hygiene,
by touching
severe cases, it SARS-CoV-2 maintaining physical distance,
contaminated
can lead to from respiratory and following public health
surfaces and
pneumonia and samples. guidelines.
then touching
respiratory
the face.
failure.
Smallpox VIRAL Variola virus Direct contact Symptoms There is no There is no specific treatment
with respiratory include high specific for smallpox. The disease has
droplets or skin fever, rash treatment for been eradicated globally
lesions of an (pustules smallpox. The through vaccination and
infected covering the disease has been surveillance efforts.
person. body), eradicated
St. Paul University Dumaguete (St. Paul University System)
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental Philippines
COLLEGE DEPARTMENT –COLLEGE OF NURSING
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
AY 2022-2023

headache, and globally through

severe illness. vaccination and
It has a high surveillance
mortality rate. efforts.