Cinema Awards.

Cinema awards have been divided into four

categories regarding the way they are presented:

1. Critics’ Awards, voted on by a group of

professional critics (the FIPRESCI or the
International Federation of Film Critics/ the
IOFCP or the International Online Film
Critics’ Poll)
2. Festival Awards, presented to the best film
shown in a film festival (the Cannes Film
Festival/ Venice Film Festival/ the Berlin
International Film Festival/ Cairo
International Film Festival)
3. Industry Awards, selected by professionals
working in each branch of the movie
industry (the Academy Awards popularly
known as the Oscars/ Motion Picture Sound
Editors)
4. Audience Awards, voted on by the public
(the MTV Movie Awards/ Independent Lens
Audience Award).

Figure 1: the Oscars'

(references:

Gaydos, Steven (1998). The Variety Guide to Film Festivals: The Ultimate Insider’s Guide to Film
Festivals Around the World.)
Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique used to
trace over motion picture footage, frame by frame.
Originally, photographed live-action movie images
were projected onto glass panel and re-drawn. This
projection equipment is referred to as Rotoscope.
Although the devise was eventually replaced by
computers, the process is still referred to as
Rotoscoping. The term refers to the technique of
manually creating a silhouette for an element on a
live-action plate so it may composite over another
background.

Rotoscoping has been often used as a tool for visual

effects in live-action movies. The movie maker
Figure 2 Patent drawing for Fleischer's original Rotoscope.
creates a silhouette called a matte that can be used Source: http://www.google.com/patents?
to extract that object from a scene to be used on a id=3vNgAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gb
s_overview_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
different background. While blue and green screen
techniques have made the process of layering subjects on the screen easier, rotoscoping is still
used in the production of visual effects imagery. Usually aided by motion tracking and onion-
skinning software rotoscoping is often used in the preparation of garbage mattes for other
matte-pulling processes.

Rotoscoping was also used to allow a special visual effect to be guided by the matte such as the
glow of the lightsabers used in the Star Wars movies. The effect was generated by creating a
matte based on sticks held by the actors.

The rotoscope technique was invented by Max Fleischer in the 1915s, and used in his
groundbreaking “Out of the Inkwell” animated series making the technique essentially exclusive
to Fleischer for several years.

(references:

J.C. Maçek III (2012-08-02).  "'American Pop'... Matters: Ron Thompson, the Illustrated Man
Unsung". PopMatters

"Through a 'Scanner' dazzlingly: Sci-fi brought to graphic life" USA TODAY, August 2, 2006 Wednesday, LIFE)