CHM256

TUTORIAL 4: BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR ANALYSIS

1. Sampling is very important in quantitative analysis.

i. Define sampling.
ii. Describe a sampling technique for gas sample.

2. If a water sample is to be analysed for trace levels of metals, briefly explain why a
glass container for sampling and storage is inappropriate.

3. After a sample is taken, the sample must be stored appropriately to avoid

contamination. However, there are some problems that are usually encountered
during the storage of the sample. List problems encountered during the storage
process.

4. Briefly explain total dissolution and partial dissolution.

5. When samples are collected from the sampling sites and brought to the laboratory,
the samples must be covered or processed into the laboratory sample before analysis
is done.

i. Name two processed that are usually carried out on the sample during sample
preparation.
ii. Name possible causes of loss of analyte during sample preparation.

6. Discuss the process of the appropriate method of decomposition and dissolution of

inorganic materials which will not dissolve in acids. Name the method and list
advantage of using that method.

7. Measurements of analytes are usually done on aqueous solutions. Therefore,

samples should be decomposed and dissolved prior to analysis. One of the methods
to decompose and dissolve samples is “wet ashing”.

i. Briefly describe the “wet ashing” technique.

ii. Give examples of reagent used in “wet ashing” technique.

8. i. Define the standard solution.

ii. Differentiate between a primary and secondary standard solutions.
iii. Define primary standard solutions, list properties of primary standard
solutions and give examples of primary standard solutions.
iv. Give examples of primary standard solution for acid-base titration.

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9. Give reason each why NaOH and HCl are secondary solutions.

10. Name two basic methods to establish the concentration of a standard solution.

11. Suggest a reagent which you can use to determine the molarity of HCl.

12. Briefly explain the preparation of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M Na2CO3 from the primary
standard solid.

13. Describe how to prepare a 250.00 mL solution of 25.00 ppm Na+, from solid sodium
sulfate.

14. Describe how 250.0 mL of 0.02500 M Na+ solution can be prepared from the
primary standard solid Na2CO3 which is primarily used as a primary standard.

15. Describe the preparation of 500 mL of 1.0 M Cu2+ solution from primary standard
solution of CuSO4 (159.6 g/mol).