GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT

23 March 2022

By : BATOUL ALAKRAA
2021911024

1. Laboratory #1: Preparation and Standardization of Acid & Base Solutions

2. Purpose:
 Grasp the principles and procedures of acid-base titration.
 Learn the method of preparation and standardization of acidic standard solution.
 Learn the operation of titration, the correct method to use burette and pipette.
 Grasp the method of choice of an indicator.

3. Principle:
 Acid-base titration is also known as neutralization titration based on proton transfer.
When an acidic (or basic) sample is analyzed, the solution of a strong base (or acid)
with known concentration is used to react with it. The concentration of the acidic (or
basic) compound can be calculated through the amount of the base (or acid) consumed
Burette

The base burette The acidic burette

By attaching a rubber
connector containing a glass With a stopcock at the bottom
bead

 The chemical reactions involved in this titration is given below:

Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

4. Apparatus and Reagents:

The non-chemical equipments used in this experiment are :
Electronic balance, Glass rod, Volumetric flask, Dropper, Pipette, Bulb, Washing bottle,
Burette, Conical flask
The chemical materials used are :
Pure Na2CO3(anhydrous sodium carbonate), HCl (Hydrochloric acid) solution, distilled
water, methyl orange.
Reagents:
Weigh out pure Na2CO3 about 0.6-0.8 g, 20 mL distilled water, 10.00 mL Na2CO3.
5. Results:
 Methyl orange
Orange

~0.000100068 ~0.00010022 ~9.99929x10^-5

~0.000100087

~3.33043x10^-7

6. Discussion and conclusion:

I. Is it necessary to rinse the inner wall of the conical flask with Na2CO3 solution ?
No, we shall wash the inner wall of the conical flask with a small amount of distilled water
from a washing bottle.

II. What color will be observed if the acid was excessively added during titration?
The colour of the solution turns RED when methyl orange is used as an indicator of acid.