TUBERCULOSIS IN THE FAMILY

& COMMUNITY

Nursing Program
Lourdes College, Cagayan de Oro City

NCM 102: Health Education

Submitted by:

Althea Ragmac
Emman Ecuacion
Kent Yee
Ilsid Auditor
Cyril Alicer
Jhuliana Balsabas
Content
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Tuberculosis………………………………………………………………………. ……… 2
History of Tuberculosis…………………………………………………………………….. 3
How TB Develops in the Body…………………………………………………………….4
Effects oof Tuberculosis…………………………………………………………………….. 5
How TB Spreads…………………………………………………………………………… 6
TB Risk Factors…………………………………………………………………………….. 7
Signs & Symptoms…………………………………………………………………………. 8
Treatment of Tuberculosis…………………………………………………………………. 9
TB Prevention……………………………………………………………………………….. 10
TB Prevention……………………………………………………………………………….. 11
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………12
INTRODUCTION

Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a serious infectious disease that affects

millions of people worldwide. It is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium
tuberculosis and can be spread through the air when an infected person
coughs or sneezes.

It is important to know about tuberculosis to avoid fatal consequences. Proper

medical treatment is necessary for curing it. Understanding symptoms, diagnosis,
and treatment options can help protect ourselves and society from this disease.

What is Tuberculosis?

● Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious illness that mainly affects the lungs

● Tuberculosis (TB) is a deadly disease caused by a bacterium called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis that infects the lungs and other organs.
● Also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the
family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.
HISTORY OF TUBERCULOSIS

- The beginning of M. tuberculosis Recent research has focused

on tuberculosis, theTB-causing agent, and it is believed that, like
other actimomycetes, the bacteria in the genus
Mycobacterium were first discovered in soil, with certain
species evolving to dwell in mammals. A mycobacterial
infection would have been transferred from domesticated
livestock to humans as a result of the domestication of cattle,
which is considered to have taken place between 10,000 and
25,000 years ago. As the bacterium adapted to a new host, it
would have developed into the closely related M. tuberculosis.
How TB Develops in the Body

- The process of becoming infected with TB begins when inhaled

TB bacteria, also known as tubercle bacilli, begin to multiply in
the small air sacs of the lungs. Some TB bacteria then enter the
bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Usually within 2
to 8 weeks, the immune system intervenes, halting
multiplication and preventing further spread. At this point, the
person has latent TB infection, because the immune system has
halted the process, keeping the TB bacteria under control.
People with latent TB infection do not feel sick, and they
cannot spread TB to others.
How Tuberculosis Spread?

- TB bacteria spread through the air from one person to another.

When a person with TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs,
speaks, or sings, TB bacteria can get into the air. People nearby
may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.

TB is NOT spread by:

● Shaking someone’s hand

● Sharing food or drink
● Touching bed linens or toilet seats
● Sharing toothbrushes
● Kissing

- When a person breathes in TB bacteria, the bacteria can settle in the

lungs and begin to grow. From there, they can move through the blood to
other parts of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain.

- TB disease in the lungs or throat can be infectious. This means that the
bacteria can spread to other people. TB in other parts of the body, such
as the kidney or spine, is usually not infectious.

- People with TB disease are most likely to spread it to people they spend
time with every day. This includes family members, friends, and coworkers
or schoolmates.
TB Risk Factors

- Some people develop TB disease soon after becoming infected (within

weeks) before their immune system can fight the TB bacteria. Other
people may get sick years later, when their immune system becomes
weak for another reason.

Generally, persons at high risk for developing TB disease fall into two categories:

Persons who have been recently infected with TB bacteria:

1. Close contacts of a person with infectious TB disease

2. Persons who have immigrated from areas of the world with high rates of
TB.
3. Children less than 5 years of age who have a positive TB test
4. Groups with high rates of TB transmission, such as homeless persons,
injection drug users, and persons with HIV infection
5. Persons who work or reside with people who are at high risk for TB in
facilities or institutions such as hospitals, homeless shelters, correctional
facilities, nursing homes, and residential homes for those with HIV

Persons with medical conditions that weaken the immune system:

1. Persons with Medical Conditions that Weaken the Immune System:

2. Babies and young children often have weak immune systems. Other
people can have weak immune systems, too, especially people with any
of these conditions:
3. HIV infection (the virus that causes AIDS)
4. Substance abuse
5. Silicosis
6. Diabetes mellitus
7. Severe kidney disease
8. Low body weight
9. Organ transplants
10. Head and neck cancer
11. Medical treatments such as corticosteroids or organ transplant
12. Specialized treatment for rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn’s disease.
Signs & Symptoms

Symptoms of TB disease depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are

growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs (pulmonary TB). TB disease in the
lungs may cause symptoms such as:

● a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer

● pain in the chest
● coughing up blood or sputum (phlegm from deep inside the lungs)
● other symptoms of TB disease are: weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no
appetite, chills, fever, sweating at night

Symptoms of TB disease in other parts of the body depend on the area

affected.

People who have latent TB infection:

● do not feel sick,

● do not have any symptoms
● cannot spread TB to others.
Treatment of Tuberculosis

- The usual tuberculosis treatment is a mix of antibiotics for a few months. It's
essential to follow the prescription and finish all the medication, even if
you show improvement before it's over.

- Besides medication, lifestyle modifications like having a nutritious diet and

adequate rest can aid in recuperation. It's crucial to adhere to your
physician's advice and report any adverse effects or apprehensions you
might encounter while receiving treatment.
TB Prevention

A vaccine, BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin), is used to prevent TB. It is more

effective in children and its efficacy in adults is inconsistent.

1. Wear mask, if a family member, is known to infected at home; keep

separate utensils and room if possible; keep the most vulnerable kids or
aged persons away from the infected person
2. Avoid large gatherings
3. Wash hands or sanitize regularly when outside the house
4. Avoid wearing wet or half wet clothes
5. Keep the house sufficiently ventilated
6. Clean AC ducts of car and home regularly
7. Follow and educate on cough and sneeze etiquette
Conclusion

- Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant threat to both families and

communities, highlighting the importance of awareness, prevention, and
early detection. Within a family, TB can spread easily, especially in close
living quarters. It is crucial for family members to be educated about the
disease, its transmission, and the importance of seeking medical help if
symptoms arise. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the
further spread of TB within the family and protect the health of all
members.

- In the broader community, TB can have far-reaching consequences.

Communities with high TB burdens may experience increased rates of
infection and transmission, leading to a public health crisis. Efforts to
control TB at the community level involve early detection through
widespread screening programs, access to quality healthcare, and
appropriate treatment for those affected. Raising awareness about TB, its
symptoms, and the importance of seeking medical attention can help
reduce the stigma associated with the disease and encourage individuals
to get tested.
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