THE CIVIL WAR

The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the
Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South")
Time Line

1861 ◗ Confederate States of America formed ◗ Davis president of Confederacy ◗ Conflict at Fort
Sumter ◗ First Battle of Bull Run

1862 ◗ Battles of Shiloh, Antietam, Second Bull Run ◗ Confederacy enacts military draft

1863 ◗ Emancipation Proclamation ◗ Battle of Gettysburg ◗ Vicksburg surrenders ◗ Union enacts

military draft ◗ New York City antidraft riots

1864 ◗ Battle of the Wilderness ◗ Sherman’s March to the Sea ◗ Lincoln reelected

1865 ◗ Lee surrenders to Grant ◗ 13th Amendment

The Withdrawal of the South

 South Carolina seceded on dec 20,1860

 Mississippi ( January 9, 1861), Florida ( January 10), Alabama ( January 11), Georgia ( January
19), Louisiana ( January 26), and Texas (February 1)— had withdrawn from the Union.
 In February 1861, representatives of the seven seceded states met at Montgomery, Alabama,
and formed a new nation—the Confederate States of America.
 CONFEDERACY ESTABLISHED :
 January 1861- unarmed merchant ship to proceed to Fort Sumter with additional troops and
supplies.

The Failure of Compromise

 Crittenden Compromise Rejected:
 John J. Crittenden of Kentucky
 Reestablishing the Missouri Compromise line and extending it westward to the Pacific.
Slavery would be prohibited north of the line and permitted south of it.
 Fort Sumter Seized:
 new Confederate government ordered General P. G. T. Beauregard, commander of
Confederate forces at Charleston, to take the fort.
 When Anderson refused to give up, the Confederates bombarded it for two days. On
April 14, 1861, Anderson surrendered. The Civil War had begun.
 four more slave states seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy: Virginia
(April 17), Arkansas (May 6), Tennessee (May 7), and North Carolina (May 20).
 The four remaining slave states, Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri—under
heavy political pressure from Washington—remained in the Union.

The Opposing Sides: