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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

A Feasibility Study on Yellow Corn Production in

Tiaong Quezon

Renalyn A. Antipolo
BS Agriculture Major in Agronomy Science

January 2023
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Table of Contents
Objectives---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Climatic and Soil Requirements-------------------------------------------------------4-5
Procurement of Materials---------------------------------------------------------------5
Cultural Practices
Land Preparation----------------------------------------------------------------5
Fertilization----------------------------------------------------------------------5-6
Seedling Production------------------------------------------------------------6
Planting--------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Irrigation-------------------------------------------------------------------------6
Pest and Disease Management------------------------------------------------7
Weed Control--------------------------------------------------------------------7

Cost and Return Analysis---------------------------------------------------------------8-9

Table 1. Labor Cost-------------------------------------------------------------8-9

Table 2. Material Costs---------------------------------------------------------9-10

Table 3: Fixed Costs -----------------------------------------------------------10

Table 4: Miscellaneous Expenses---------------------------------------------10

Table 5.1: Gross Income-------------------------------------------------------10

Table 5.2: Net Income----------------------------------------------------------11

Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11

References---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11-12
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Introduction

The main crop in the world is maize (Zea mays L.), which has a wide range of use in food,

animal feed, and industrial raw materials. At the same time, climate change made it evident

that in order to address the impending threat of a food shortage, the variability in its yield

globally needed to be evaluated and modified. When employed carefully, macronutrients, and

particularly N adequacy in plants, are the variables that can change their productivity and

address the issue of rising food demand. N fertilizer can be extremely important for maize

production to ensure excellent plant development and growth. It has always been challenging

for farmers to maximize the efficiency of nitrate uptake in completely cultivated soils because

nitrate flow in an ecosystem might change from runoff to surface water to atmospheric

emission. The biggest contributor to this issue is the irresponsible and excessive application of

N fertilizer. Instead of inorganic N, plants are more likely to absorb dissolved organic N. Splitting

nitrogen in a corn crop can boost profits while also helping the environment, but growers must

keep a close eye on the weather to be successful on both counts. When compared to pre-plant

broadcast, split nitrogen applications enhanced farm profit by 15 to 20 percent in dry seasons

and one to 16 percent in rainy seasons. Split nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications can be a

significant part of a productive, economic, and environmentally friendly nutrient management

strategy.
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Objectives

This Feasibility study aims to determine the viability of Yellow Corn production on a 1ha land by

analyzing the following objectives;

a . Determine the effect of different types of split application of nitrogen in the growth and

development of corn.

b. To measure the yield and yield components of corn applied with different split application of

nitrogen.

c. To determine which treatment will give the highest profitability in corn,.

Production Management of Yellow Corn

Variety Origin/Brand/Supplier Maturity(DAS) Color

DHM-103 Edel Optics 105-120 Bright green

DHM-105 Edel Optics 105-120 Light green

DHM-1 Telangana 85-90 Glossy Bright

green

AMBER( POP Telangana 95-105 Bright green

CORN)
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

PRIYA(SWEET Telangana 70-75 Light green

CORN)

TRISHULATHA Telangana 105-120 Green White

Soil and Climate requirements

Crops that command premium prices on the market, or when fed to your animals, produce healthy,

high-producing animals. Believe it or not, many of our current methods of growing crops will nearly

always produce poor quality “foodless food.” We use fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals that kill

the life in the soil, which if allowed to live would help us grow good food. Soil becomes hard and tight—

sterile. Weed and pest problems grow worse.

Procurement of materials

The corn seeds will be requested at the Bureau of Plant Industry. Nitrogen fertilizer will be purchased at

the agricultural supplky at Brgy. Lusacan Tiaong, Quezon. Other materials such as farm implements,

machines, and equipment will be provided by SLSU Tiaong-campus.

CULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

It will result to better seed germination, control rapid growth of weeds and fast root development of the

plants. It will also give a good water retention in the soil that is very important in the growing period of

the corn.
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Seed Preparation

Do not soak corn seeds prior to planting. Plant 2-5cm (1-2″) deep (shallower for sh2 seed or in cool soil).

Sow seeds around 7.5cm (3″) apart, in rows 60-90cm (24-36″) apart. Because corn is wind pollinated,

plant in a dense block of at least 4 rows, rather than in single rows.

Land Preperation .

One factor that affects plant growth is land preparation. Properly prepared fields promote good root

development and better weed, pest and disease management. Thorough land preparation is a key to

good crop establishment. It allows decomposition of plant residues, prevents weed growth and

improves soil tilth for better root development and absorption of nutrients.

Planting

Plant population is closely associated with corn yields. The development of more improved hybrids is an

important factor in increasing corn yields. Newer hybrids are more adapted to heavier plant population

and fertilizing rates.

Trellising

The corn plant is a type of grass, related to wheat, rice, barley and sorghum, among others, and it’s a

staple food in many regions around the world. The kernels can be eaten on or off the cob, in soups,

salads or on their own. Soaking the kernels in lye, a process called nixtamalization, yields hominy, which

can be dried and ground into masa harina (used to make tortillas, tamales, sopes and pupusas!). Corn is
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

especially valuable in modern times as animal feed, and because it can be refined for the production of

cornstarch, corn syrup, corn oil, grain alcohol, beer and even biofuel. The favorite way to enjoy corn in

the summer is probably the simplest; right off the cob, grilled and slathered with butter, salt and pepper.

Pruning

Pruning is seldom needed for corn plant . The old leaves under the stem will wither naturally and it only

requires removing them in time; and new leaves will grow continuously. When the plants are tall, their

height can be controlled by pruning. Pruning is generally done in spring with sharp gardening scissors

(branch scissors) or knives to prune corn plant to the required height. The bud points should be reserved

under the cut and new leaves will grow out several weeks later.

Fertilizer Application

For every ton of whole plant corn harvest, we remove from the soil about 25 kg of N, 5 kg of P and 20 kg

of K. As a rule of thumb, we may need to supplement about 100 kg N, 280 kg of P2O5, and 100 K2O per

hectare, in order to have a satisfactory corn yield for the years to come.

Water Management

Water management is the act of timing and regulating irrigation water application in a way that will

satisfy the water requirement of the crop without wasting water, soil, and plant nutrients and degrading

the soil resources, This involves applying water ;

• According to crop needs, In amounts that can be held in the soil and be available to crops.

• At rates consistent with the intake characteristics of the soil and the erosion hazard of the site so that
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

the water quality is maintained or improved.

Weeding and Cultivation

Weeds reduce corn yields by competing for moisture, nutrients, and light during the growing season and

interfere with harvest. Producing a good corn crop is only half the battle and will not be profitable unless

the corn can be harvested.

Irrigation

Irrigation water may be required 4-6 times throughout the growing season of corn. Apply at an interval

of 10-14 days, starting the first irrigation one day after planting and ending at about 15-21 days before

harvest, depending on the climatic condition, soil type, corn variety and maturity of the crop.

Pest and disease Management

Monitoring of pests is done every day and if the presence of pests is seen, then the application of

insecticide will take place. The area will be regularly monitored for the presence of insect pests and

disease damage. If any pest or disease symptoms are observed, appropriate chemical control measures

will be implemented. Integrated Pest Management techniques will be utilized and, if chemicals are used,

the manufacturer's recommendations for application rate and frequency will be followed. A barrier

would be placed surrounding the plant that would be administered with a pesticide or insecticide to

avoid contamination and run-off to other treatments.

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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Harvesting

After it matures, corn is harvested in the fall with a grain combine. Combines have row dividers that pick

up the corn stalks as the combine moves through the field. The corn ears are broken off from the corn

stalk and dragged into the combine, and the stalks are dropped back on the ground. Inside the combine

a machine seperates the husks, kernels, and cob. The cob and husks are spit back onto the ground and

the kernals are stored. The corn material left on the ground protects the soil from erosion and returns

plant mater to the ecosystem.

Packing

The most common way to package is in vacuum sealed plastic. It can also be package in tins, off the cob.

Corn can also be frozen and pre-packaged in water resistant cardboard boxes.

Seed production

It is a long season crop, requiring up to 120 days for fully mature seed. Warm, dry weather is needed

during seed dry down and adequate water supply is important during seed maturation and ear

development (after pollination). During pollination, high daytime (80-92°F) and nighttime (65-72°F) are

best. Sweet corn likes fertile, well balanced soils. Because sweet corn is highly outcrossing, at least 200

plants should be planted to maintain a population. To maximize pollination, direct seeded in a square

with 8-12 inches between plants and 30-40 inches between rows. Sweet corn seed is ready to harvest

when the husks are brown, generally this is about 40 days after the silks emerge. Remove the husks and

dry the ears on screens at 70-100°F. Keep good circulation and don’t keep the ears at this high heat
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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

beyond drying. Once the seed is fully dry (very hard and cannot be dented with a fingernail), shell it

using a hand crank sheller or by hand. Screen and winnow the seed to remove chaff and small and

immature seed. Seed dried to 8.0% or less moisture can be stored at 40-60°F and 40%RH or less for 1-3

years.

Cost and Return Analysis

Table 1-5.2 shows the partial cost and return analysis of the commercial cultivation of yellow corn in a 1

ha land.

Table 1: Labor Cost

Particular MD/MAD Unit Cost(P) Total Cost(P)

Land Preparation Contract 1,400/ha 2,800.00

Plowing up to furrowing
(double passing) 600 1,200.00
Harrowing

Planting Contract 1,400.00

Fertilizer 5 150/MD 750.00

Basal 5 150/MD 750.00

Side dress

Pesticide Application 1 600/MD 600.00

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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Cultivation

Off barring 4 300/MAD 1,200.00

& hilling up

Harvesting Contract 2,000/ha 2,000.00

Hauling Contract 1,750/ha 1,750.00

Shelling 12/sack 1,440.00

Drying 1,500/ha 1,500.00

TOTAL LABOR COST 15,390.00

Table 2. Materials Costs/ha

Particular Quantity Unit of Unit cost Total cost

measurement
(P) (P)

Seeds 1 Bag 2,600 2,600.00

Fertilizer

-14-14-14 6 Bag 1,500 9,000.00

-45-0-0 5 Bag 1,400 7,000.00

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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

-BIO N 4 Sachet 60 240.00

-Organic 8 Bag 250 2,000.00

Sacks 300 pc 5 1,500.00

Total Material Cost. P22,340.00

Table 3. Return on Investment

Production in kg (Ave) 6000 kg

Total cost of production P 37,730.00

Average production cost (P/kg) 6.28

Farm gate price/kg P 10.15 dry

Gross income P 60, 900.00

Net income(P) P 23, 170.00

ROI (%) 61

Net income = gross income - total cost of production

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SOUTHERNLUZONSTATEUNIVERSITY
Tiaong, Quezon
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture Department

Net income = P60,900 - P37,730

= P23,170

ROI= Net Income. x 100%

Production cost

ROI= P23,170 x 100% = 61.41~61%

P37,730

CONCLUSION

The data gathered and the financial analysis provided indicate that the research effort is financially

successful. It contains high amounts of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Morover, it is also a

source of starch derivatives for oil, fibers and other industrial uses.