> The most well-known form of primitive communication is the cave painting, > The earliest script is supposed to be in china, > Artof Printing first entered india through Goa. 30 April 1556 Letter to - St. Ignatius of Loyola; From: Father Gasper caleza; Sub: ‘Ship Carrying printing press from Portugal in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) for missionary ‘work purpose. 1557 - Jesuit of the Goa - First book to be published in India by portuguese 1684 - 1st Printing press- Bhimjee Parikh > Evidently, concept of mass duplication in India dates back in Indus Valley civilization, However, Printing arrived a hundred ycars after of Gutenberg’s Bible was printed, ‘© Press and Politics information media in print popularly known as Press is generally credited with having unseen power to mould public opinion. Before the east india company rule - ‘waqiah-navis' who primarily acted as an official news recorder and secret informer of the Mughal rulers. A British settler — (William Bolts) 1776 dared to venture to bring out a paper covering the internal contradictions of the company activities in or about 1768, but he was soon forced to leave India, ‘The printing press in Calcutta was first established by Hicky around 1777, 1780, James Augustus Hicky ~ Bengal Gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser, a two-sheet weekly, ostensibly for the British residents.— Ist english lang in Asia © Rival Newspaper - Indian Gazette or Calcutta Public advertise— 1780, Messer B Messink & Peter Reed Caleutta Gazette 1784 — Francis Gladwin lish weekly — 1785 Bengal Journal, editor Thomas Jones & Wil reappeared 1791 as Indian World 1785- oriental Magazine of Caleutta or Calcutta Amusement — Gordon and John Hay ~ monthly newspaper — Universal Repository ‘The Madras Courier - 1785 - founder- Richard Johnson © Madras Courier - purveyor of official information in the Presidency ym Duane, 1786 - The Calcutta Chronicle - Daniel Stuart and Joseph Cooper 1788 - Asiatic mirror and commercial Advertizer — CK Bruce & Dr, Shoolberd - english weekly Bombay Herald (1789) > Bombay Gazette (1791) : James McKenzie Mclean ~ 1st Newspaper in Bombay 1791, Hugh Boyd, editor: Courier quit, Charles Mclean - founded - Hurkaru.@nd Madars Newspaper) weekly - liberal newspaper In 1799, Lord Wellesley introduced press censorship in Bengal in the aftermath of developments leading to the deportation of Dr. Charles Maclean for his anti-establishment reporting in Bengal Hurkaru of which Dr Maclean was the printer:# James Silk Buckingham, a British citizen, in his Caleutta Journal 1811 introduced honesty and decency in contemporary English joumalism in India, * Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya, a teacher and reformist, started the first Bangla weekly Bengal Gazette in early 1818 assisted by Raja Rammohun Roy. * In April 1818, the Baptist missionaries published the Bangla monthly Dig-darshan from Serampore~ Editor John Clark Marshmann- Ist monthly periodical — English translated edition in Dec 1818 “ The daily friends of India” + Samachar Darpan - Ist Indian Language newspaper bangla weekly- a ‘week after the release of Bengal Gazette ~ published on 23 May 1818 by Baptist missionary # Calcutta General - appeared bi weekly and then Ist daily~ 1818 James silk Buckingham © Calcutta Herald «Raja Rammohan set up Sambad Kaumudi in Bangla 1821, Brahminical Magazine in English and the Mirat-ul-Akbar 1822 in Persian and united with both the Indian and European editors to force Lord william bentinek to liberatise the existing press laws, * Governor general John Adam introduced in 1823 the system of obtaining a license for printing in pursuance of the Bengal Resolutions issued in the same year, but Sir Charles Metcalfe ~ repealed the Regulations of 1823 and passed the ‘Act of 1835 under which the editor, printer and publisher were to give only a declaration about the place of the publication. # Roy published his religious views in a Persian tract, Tohfat-albMuwahiddin (A Gift to Theists, 1804), making public his criticisms of idolatry and polytheism. © 1814—Persian work ~Manzarat-ul-Adiyan or "Discourses on Various Religions" first to translate and explain the Vedanta in Bengali though he mainly propagated the non-dualism of Shankaracharya. © 1825, founded Vedanta college © The Precepts of Jesus, The Guide to Peace and Happiness. © the Bengali weekly Sambad Kaumudi or "The Moon of Intelligence”, © In 1822, he started a weekly paper in Persian named Mirat-uLAKhbar or ‘Mirror of Intelligen © One of the pioneers of Bengali journalism, © Struggle for a free press in India = memorial against the Press Ordinance of 1823 to the Supreme court and then to the Privy Couneil = Mirat-ul-Akhbar as a protest against the repressive Government Ordinanc = 1827, he protested against the Jury Act which introduced discrimination even in the courts of Justice. © Three years later, in 1830, we find him objecting to the Government's proposal to Tax rent-free lands, © called the "Maker of Modern India’. * The publishers, under Section 19D of the Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867, are required to submit annual statements to the Registrar of Newspapers for india.‘Serampore Mission Press (1800-1855) published 212,000 books in 45 languages between 1800 and 1832. In 1778 the first type foundry in Bengal was established in chinsura Censorship Denial of postal services , pre-censorship , deportation Jam-i-Jahan-numa — 1822—Harihar dutta -Ist Fardaonzi Murzban - BOMBAY SAMACHAR — 1822 ~ today called as MUMBAI SAMACHAR -oldest newspaper still in print~ english and Gujrati 30th May 1826 - Utand Martand - Pt. Jugalkishor Shukla - 30th May -HINDI PATRKARITA DIWAS The Bombay Times and Journal of commerce : 1838 — Under direction of Raobahadur Narayan Dinanath Velkar — wednesday and saturday © 1850 - Ist editor J.E. Brennan — began to publish daily edition © 1860, editor and founder of Bombay Times Robert Knight - merged with rival Bombay Standard, and started India's first news agency. It wired Times dispatches to papers across the country and became the Indian agent for Reuters news service. (© 1861, he changed the name from the Bombay Times and Standard to The Times of india. 1892, thomas bennet and Frank Moriss Coleman owned Bennett coleman & co.ltd. took over the Ownership TOI Founded in 1851, Rast Goftar— Dadabhai Naroji - anglo-gujrati paper in Bombay started in 1854 © Dadabhai Naoroji— also known as the "Grand Old Man of India” and “Unofficial Ambassador of India” 1853 — Hindoo Patriot - english weekly — by Madhusudan Ray - editor Girish Chandra Ghosh 1st Hindi Daily - Samachar Sudhavarshan — bilingual: hindi & bangla— P&E : Shyam sunder sen The Indian mirror- 1st Indian - english daily ~ 1862 Debendranath Tagore The Pioneer 1865 - George Allen ‘Anand Bazar Patrika (ABP) © 1876, former name: Ananda Bazar © Shishir k Ghosh & Tushar K ghosh © 1886 new name Amrit Bazaar Patrika - Shi Motilal Ghosh founded it in 1868 a True nationalist paper — Resulted in vernacular press act © Relaunched by Suresh Chandra Majumdar & Prafulla kumar as ABP ir K Ghosh &Tehzeb ul akhlaq - 1870 - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan - modem sub and traditional sub collab © The Statesman — 1875 — Robert knight © Origin lies with “the friend of India” — Baptist Newspaper — Seampore early 19th Cent. (bought by Robert knight) © 1883: The statesman absorbed “the friends of India” renamed “The statesmen and The Friends of India’ © 1927 : absorbed the erstwhile rival “Englishmen” renamed as The Statesmen Founding member of Asia newspaper : grp of 15 asian newspapers ¢ Hindi Pradeep - 1877- monthly magazine — released by Bhartendu Harishchandra — originated from Prayag - edited by Balkrishna Bhatt ( drama, novel, news, essays) © 1878 —The Hindu ~ started as weekly - GS lyer & M. veeraraghavacari; TT Rangacharya, PV Ranagacharya, D. Kesava Rao Puntulu, N Subba Rao Puntulu © Now owned by Kasturi Ranga lyengar family © 1881 Kesari:Marathi & Marratha: english @ Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar tilak (arrested for sedition) The Tribune — eng daily ~ 1881 — Sardar Dyal Singh Majithia Bandemataram — Founder (1905) : Bipin Chandra Pal; Published in 1906; later Editor: Sir Aurbindo Jugantar Patrika 1906 - political weekly - founder: Barindra kumar ghosh, Abinash Bhattacharya & Bhupendranath Dutt - Anushilan samiti ¢ Mahamana Pt.Madan Mohan Malviya © Abyuday - weekly Hindi- 1907 © The Leader — eng — 1909 : later editor - CY Chintamani 1910 — The Bombay chronicle ~ Pheroz Shah Mehta 1911_ The Comrade — Maulana Mohd Ali Jauhar aka mohd ali hindi - british critic — excellent content and print quality # British capital shifted to Delhi in 1912 © 1912—Al- british policy 1913 — Pratap — hindi newspaper- Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi 1914 — Annie Besant : Purchased existing newspaper “Madras Standard” renamed “New India” © 1919 — The Independent — Motilal Nehru * 1919 Mahatma Gandhi | — Maulana Abul kalam azad — denouncement of© Young India - freedom ideas © Harijan - weekly 1930 — Mooknayak ~ Marathi fortnightly — BR Ambedkar on shift on caste & untouchability © 1956 ~ Prabudh Bharat * 1924 —The Hindustan times — started : Akali movement founder: Sunder sing layallpuri — inaugurated by MK Gandhi — 1st Editor : KM Panikkar © Madanmohan malviya bought © 1933 GD Birla Bought 3rd largest © Fever 104.0 FM station ©. The indian Express - 1932 - P. Vardara julu Naidu © Sold to Swaminathan Sadanad — founder of “free press journal”: national news agency © Dinamani : Tamil edition in Madurai 1933 © Sold to Ramnath Goenka : after death = Mumbai - The Indian Express = Madurai - The new Indian express 1936 — Hindustan — Madan mohan malviya ‘Amar Ujala 1948 - Dori Lal Agarwal, Murari Lal Maheshwari Dainik Jagran - 1942 — started by Lt. Shri Puran Chandra Gupta - owned by Jagran prakashan Itd. © Compact daily - iNext - bilingual © Acquired MIDDAY 2010 NayiDuniya 2012 © Dainik Bhaskar 1948 © Former names : = Subah Savere in Bopal = Good Morning India in Gwall * Enadu - telugu - visakhapatnam - Romoji Rao 1974 Tabloids : 11x17 inch + 5 columns > MidDay - mumbai - 1979 - Ansari family a Since 2010 owned by Jagran Prakashan > Mumbai Mirror — times group — 2005Oldest known Cave painting located at Chauvet Cave dated 30,000 BCE