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المنطق الصوري القديم بين الأصالة والتبعية قضايا وإشكاليات
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المنطق الصوري القديم بين الأصالة والتبعية قضايا وإشكاليات
المنطق الصوري القديم بين الأصالة والتبعية قضايا وإشكاليات
Uploaded by
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2013
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––
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141987
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Marcus Tullius Cicero
Topica
Trebatius
(2)
(3)
1
50–491979
(2) Cicero : Topica , Vol . 2 , Trans . By H.M.Hubble , William
Heinemann LTD , London , I,I – H .
(3) W.Kneale , M.Kneale : Th ed evelopment of Logic , Claendon
Press , Oxford ,1966,P.177 .
8
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24
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135
Influence of Aristotle on The Development of The
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B
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154
63
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79
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91
92
Inference For One's Self
Surarthanumana
Inference For The Sake of Others
93Pararthanumana
94
1
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96
170
97
1
2
3
4
5
98
–
99
100
171
1
2
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101
102
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172
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103Anyathanupapannatve
104
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173
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105
106Vyapti
Vyapti
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Constant Co-Presence
107Vyapti
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109
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174
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110
111
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175
112
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113
114
176
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115
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Vyapti
Vyomasiva
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116
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117
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Vyapti
118
177
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119Upadhis
Upadhis
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120
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178
121
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-
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Vyapti
122
179
1
2
–
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180
4
Implication
5
181
123:
–
182
1
2
3
4
5
183
6
7
8
184
1
141987
(2) Vidyabhusana, Satis Chandra : A History of Indian
Logic – AncientMediaeval and Modern Schools
shantilal jain at shri jainendra press, Motilal
BanarsidassDelhi ,India 1971, pp.xi-xvi .
(3) BochenskiI .M. : A History of logicTranslated and
Edited By Ivo ThomasUniversity of Notre Dame
Press, Notre Dame, Indiana, 1966,P.417.
4) Vidyabhusana :ibid, p.47.
5
––
88 871981 1401
886
(7) Vidyabhusana : ibid, P. 5-6 .
(8) Gokhale, Pradeep p. :Inference and Fallacies
Discussed in Ancient Indian Logic ,Sri Satguru
PublicationsDelhiIndia ,1992, PP. 1-3 .
(9) Nancy, Schuster: Inference in The Vaisesika Sutra,
Journal of Indian Philosophy ,Vol..I ,Nos.3-4,March-
June,1972,PP.34-35.
(10) Radhakrishnan, S . : Indian Philosophy,
TheMacmillamCompany, NewYork, 1923,P.43.
185
11
2502002
3012
Vidyabhusana, : IbidP.54.
3013
3014
Buddhism15
Hinayana Nirvana
Mahayana
SautrantitkaVaibhashika
Madhymika
Yogacara
Nagarjune
VasubanduAsanga
186
DignagaVijnanava
Dharmakiurti
1995 1416 199
212–209
Brahmanas16
42
Jainism17
42
mimamsa18
43
(19) Bochenski: A history of Logic, P.418.
(20) Vidyabhusana: A history of Indian Logic, P.xiv.
Bochenski: ibid,P.418.
(21) Bochenski :ibid ,p.418.
(22) , P.418-419.op.cit
(23) ,P.419op.cit24
(24) Colebrooke,H.T.: On The Philosophy of The Hindus:
Part II-on the Nyaya and |Vaiseshika
187
SystemTrans.Royal Asiatic Society
,Vol.I,1824,PP.92-93.
(25) (26)Ritter,A.H.: The History of Ancient
Philosophy,Trans.A.J.Morrision,University Oxford
Press, Oxford ,London,PP.25-27
(26) Price H.H.: The Present Relations Between Eastern
and Western Philosophy ,The Hibbert Journal
,Vol.LIII,April,1955,PP.222-223.
(27) Anton Demitriu :History of logic, Vol.1,Abacus
Press, Tunbridge Wells,Kent,England,1977,P.64.
(28) Vidyabhusana :A history of Indian Logic ,PP.511-
512.
(29) Vidyabhusana : ibid.,PP. 497-499.
(30) Ibid, PP.500-501.
(31) Ibid ,PP. 502-503 .
(32) Ibid ,P.504 .
(33) Ibid ,PP.506-508.
(34) Matilal, Bimal Krishna: Logic, Language and
Reality-An Introduction to Indian Philosophy
Studies,Motilal Banarsidass ,Delhi,1985,PP.1-8.
(35) Keith, Arthur Berriedale :Indian Logic and
Atomism-An Exposion of The Nyaya and Vaicesika
System, Greenwood press, Publishers New
York,1968,PP.16-18.
(36) Bochenski: A history of Logic, P.431.
(37) Matial,Bimal Krishna:The Character of Logic in
Indian,Edited By Jonardon Ganeri and Heeraman
Tiwari,State University ofNew York Press,New
York,1998,P.4.
188
22 38
119 39
40
41
42
(43) Bochenski : A history of Logic,P.424.
(44) Pradeep P. Gokhale: Ibid ,PP.4-5.
(45) Vidyabhusana : Ahistory of Indian LogicPP.499-
501.
(46) 2-3. :LogicLanguage and RealityPPBimal
Krishna Matilal
(47) Pradeep P.Gokhale : Inference and Fallacies ,PP. 2-4.
(48) Ketih ,Arther Berriedale :Indian Logic and
Atomism,PP.88-89.
(49) Ibid,PP.89-90.
(50) Matilal: Logic,Language and Reality,30-31.
(51) Bochenski : op.cit,P.428.
(52) Matilal,Bimal Krisshna: The Character ofLogic
inIndia,p.42.
(53) Vidyabhusana :A History of Indian Logic,P61.
(54) Keith, Arthur Berriedale : Indian Logic and
Atomism, PP.85-87; Vydyabhusana : Ahistory of
Indian LogicPP.60-61.
(55) Sastri,S. Subrahumanya : Logical Theory, in
Encyclopedia of Indian PhilosophiesEdited By Karl
189
H.PotterPrinceton University Press ,Princeton
New Jersey1977PP 181-182.
(56) Ibid ,P.182.
118 117 57
(58) Gokhale,Pradeep P.: Inference and Fallacies….,
PP.17-18.
(59) Sastri,S Subrahmanya : Logical Theory ,PP186-187.
(60) H.N.Randle: A Note on The Indian Syllogism ,Mind
,Vol.XXXIII ,1924, p.401
(61) Vidyabhusana :ibid ,PP.502-503.
(62) DumitriuAnton : History of logicVol . 1, PP . 63-
64
(63) Bochenski : ibidP . 430 .
32 31 64
(65) Bochenski : op . citP . 430 .
(66) Schayer ,Stanislaw : Studies in Indian logicEssay4,
in Jonardon Ganeri : Indian Logic ,Rout ledge
Curzon2001PP 56
(67) Bochenski : ibid, P . 440 .
(68) Bochenski : IbidP.430.
(69) Ibid,PP.434-435.
(70) Ibid,PP.435-436.
(71) Randle H.N.:A Note on Indian Syllogism,PP.402-
403.
190
(72) Sastri,S . Subrahmanya :op cit,PP191-192.
(73) Bochenski, op.cit,P.436.
(74) (75)Ibid,PP.436-437.
(75) Ibid,P.436.
(76) Vidyabhusana: op.cit,PP.283-284.
(77) Ibid,PP.285-286.
(78) Bochenski, op.cit,PP.634-635.
(79) (80)Tucci,Giusepee: Pre-Dignaga Buddist Texts on
Logic From Chinese Sources,Gaekwad`s Oriental
Series Vol.XLIX ,Baroda ,1929, PP.55-56.
(80) Sastri,S .Subrahmanya:op.cit,P.192.
(81) Ibid,P.192.
(82) Ibid,p.192.
(83) Ibid,P.192.
(84) Ibid,P.193.
(85) Ibid,P.194.
(86) Ibid,P.194.
(87) Gokhale,P. Pradeep:op.citPP.295-296.
23 88
(89) Robinson,H.Richard :Some Logical Aspect of
Nagarjuna`s System,Philosophy East and West.A
Quarterly Journal of Oriental and Comparative
Thought,Vol.VI.No 4,University of Hawaii Press
january1957,PP.292-293.
23 90
191
23 91
(92) Keith, Arthur Berriedale : Indian Iogic and Atomism,
PP . 94-95 .
36 93
116 115 94
(95) Vidyabhusana : A History of Indian LogicPP . 376-
377 .
(96) IbidP . 361 .
(97) KeithArthur Berriedale : Indian Iogic and
AtomismPP . 94; Vidyabhusana : A History of
Indian LogicPP .280-282 .
36 98
38 37 99
38 100
38 101
(102) Bochenski : A History of Formal Logic,P. 437.
(103) Ibid,PP.437-438 .
(104) Ibid,P.438 .
(105) Ibid,P.438.
(106) (107)Vidyabhusana :IbidP.420-421.
(107) (108)Keith,Arthur Berriedale:IbidP.94.
34 108
192
(109) (107) Keith:IbidP94.
(110) Ibid,P.194.
44 43 111
(112) Sastri,S Subrahmanya:IbidPP200-201.
(113) Ibid ,p 202.
(114) Franco,Eli:Jnanasimitra`s Enquiry about ,Journal of
Indian Philosophy, April, 2002,
pp.191-192.
(115) Sastri:ibid,pp.202-203.
(116) Ibid,P.203.
(117) (1) Franco:Ibid,P.194.
(118) (115) Sastri :Ibid,P.203-204.
(119) (116) Ibid,P.204.
(120) (117) Ibid.PP.206-207.
(121) Vidyabhusana:Ibid ,P.306.
(122) Sastri :Ibid,P.203-204.
(123) Ibid,P.204.
(124) (121) Ibid.PP.206-207.
(125) Vidyabhusana:Ibid ,P.306.
126
100 99
193
1
2
2002
3
1995 1416 199
4
––
1981 1401
5
1987
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196
1
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41
W. KnealeM . Kneale : The Development of Logic,
Clarendon PressOxford, 1984P. 11.
42
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201 43
4 44
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96
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34 331986
47
99 98
99 48
101 100 49
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85 51
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52- Aristole : Prior Analytic21b.18.
53- IbidB.1ch.3146-b10:20.
54
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56- W. KnealeM . Kneale : The Development of Logic
P.23-24.
41 57
103 102 58
103 59
36 60
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104 63
105 64
105 65
46 66
11 67
2251980
201 68
69- Aristotle : TopicaB.IVch.1, 120b, 17-20.
234
125 70
71- Aristotle : op citB.IV,ch.1101b, 20 ff.
125 72
73- W. KnealeM . Kneale : op.citp.38-39.
128 127 74
75- Aristotle : op citB1100a, 1 ff.
128 76
77- W. KnealeM . Kneale : op.citp.61.
78
48 471964
79
282002
29 28 80
81- Aristotle : Prior Analytic ,1.15,34a.20-28.
29 82
83
1961
21 20
84
28 27
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227
229 228 86
87- Aristotle : Prior Analytic ,24b.18.
229 228 88
202 201 89
202 90
236
1 1
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1961
1- W. KnealeM . Kneale : The Development of Logic,
Clarendon PressOxford1984P. 11.
2- RossW.D.: The Works of Aristolle, Translated into
English Vol.1.Categoriae and De interpretatione By
E.M.Edghill Analtica Priora By .A.J.Jenkinson.
Analytica Posteriorn ByG.R.G.Mure.Topica and De
Sophisticis Elenchis By W.A.Pickard Cambridge
Oxford University Press . London ,1950.
239
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2159
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16713
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(15)Sextus Empiricus : Adversus Mathematicos
Harvard univ . pressCambridge. Mass . 1957,
Book VIII108
(16) Sextus Empiricus : outlines Of Pyrrhonism
Harvard Univ. press, cambridgeMassachusetts
1976II105 – 106
4417
(18) W . Kneale.M .kneale : The Developoment of
Logic, Clarendon PressOxford 1966P. 87
421993
(19) Sextus : Adv . Math .VIII115
20
551993
21621
22
351978
291
(23) Anton Dumitriu : History of LogicAbacus press
1977vol . VIP.149 – 150
(24) Benson Mates : Stoic Logicuniv .of California
press, Bberkeley and Los Anglos1961, P. P 49 – 50
(25) ibidP . 50
(26) Diogenes Laertius : Lives of Eminent Philosophers,
trans, R . D. HicksHarvard univ . press
Massachusettscambridge, vol . 2VII 72
(27) Sextus : Adv . Math . VIII282
21728
(29) Mates : op. citP . 53
50–4930
(31) Mates : ibidP . 53 – 54
(32) Sextus. : Adv . Math .VIII125
(33) Diogenes : op.citVII71
(34) ibidVII73 – 75
(35) ibidVII75 .
(36) Sextus : Adv . MathVIII125 .
(37) Bochenski : Ahistory of Logicuniv . of Notre
Dame PressIndianaP . 116 .
(38) ibidP. 116 .
292
(39) ibid. p.116
(40) Diogenes : op . cit VII71
(41) Mates : Stoic Logic Dumitriu : History of Logic
vol . 1, P . 237
219
(42) Mates : op . cit p 55- 56Dumitruiop . citvol .
1P . 238
220
(43) Mates : ibidpp . 56 – 57
220
22044
484745
(46) Sextus : Adv . Math ., VII223Diogenes .: op . cit,
V11, 79Mates : op . citpp 58 – 60 John
Corcoran : Ancient Logic and its Modern
IntrpretationsD.Reidel Publishing CompanyP. O.
Box 17Dordrecht – HollandBoston – U . S . A
1974p . 156 .
48–4747
49–4848
(49) Kneale : the development of Logicp 169.
22750
293
(51) Sextus : Adv . Math VII231.
22852
(53) Kneale : op . citP 169.
226 225
22854
(55) Cicero : Topicavol . 2trans . by H . M . Hubbel
William Heinemann L T DLondon1976 XIV
2257
(56) Sextus : Adv . MathVIII234 – 236.
(57) Sextus : outlenes of pyrrh .I69
Kneale : op . citp 162 58
Sextus .:Adv . MathVIII233Mates: stoic LogicP
78.
Kneale : op . ci.t, p . 168 . 59
P . 172 . Kneale : op . cit60
p . 167 . ،kneale : op . cit (61)
(62) Sextus : outlines of pyrrh .II156Mates : op . cit,
P . 81 .
p . 171Kneale : op : cit 63
p . 171Kneale : op : cit 64
294
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296
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1961
1- Anton Dumitriu : History of Logicvolume ( 1VI )
Abacuspress1977 .
2- Benson Mates : Stoic LogicUniversty of California
Press, Berkeley and Los Anglos1961 .
3- Bochenski :Ahistory Of Logic University Of Norh
Dame Press, Indiana .
4- Cicero :Topica Volume 2 Trans . By H .M. Hubbel
William Heinemann LTD London 1976.
5- Diogenes Leartius :Lives Of Eminent Philosphers
Volume VIITrans . D. Hicks M . s .Harvard
University PressMassachuset Cambridge
6- John Corcoran : Ancient Logic and its Modern
interpretationsD . Reidel Publishing Company
Dordrecht – HollandBoston – U. S . A .1974 .
7- Sextus Empiricus : Adversus MathematicosHarvard
University PressMassachusettsCambridge1957 .
8- : Outlines of PyrrhonismHarvard
University PressMassachusettsCambridge1976 .
9- W . K nealeM . K neale : The Development of
LogicClarendon PressOxford, 1966 .
297
1
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2
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3
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6
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34 331971
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581980
(2) Edward Zeller : Outlines of the History Greek
Philosophy, Henery Holt and Company, New York,
1908PP 235 – 237 .
3
127–1261980
Benson MateK: Stoic Ligic, University of California
Press, Berkeley and Los Anglos, 1961, PP 86 – 87 .
584
5
50–491979
6
2371996
7
67
678
(9) Cicero : Topica, Vol . 2, Trans . By H.M.Hubble,
William Heinemann LTD, London, I,I – H .
(10) W.KnealeM.Kneale : The development of Logic,
Claendon Press, Oxford ,1966, P.177 .
327
11
2361964
12
45 441978
4513
22814
(15) Cicero : Topica, III, IV .
(16) Ibid, XII, XVI .
(17) Ibid, VII,XI .
(18) Ibid, XIV.
(19) W.Kneale , M.Kneale : OP . CitPP.181-182 .
(20) Cicero : op .Cit, XIV, 20-21 .
(21) Ibid, XIV , 21 .
(22) Cic : Topica, III, 13 .
(23) Topica, III, 14 .
(24) Topica, III , 15
(25) Topica, III ,16 .
(26) Topica, III, 16 .
(27) Topica, IV , 18 .
(28) Topica, III, 17 .
(29) Topica, IV, 20 .
(30) Topica, IV, 19 .
5331
328
32
121
12233
12334
12135
12136
8337
329
–1
–2
1991
–3
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–4
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–5
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–6
1978
–7
1980
–8
1984
–9
1971
330
–10
1978
–11
1979
1- Anton Dumitriu : History of Logic,Vol, 1, Abacus
Press . 1977 .
2- Benson Mates : Stoic Logic, University of California
Press, Berkeley and Los Anglos, 1961 .
3- Cicero : Topica, Vol . zTrans . By H.M.Hubbel
William Heinememnn LTDLondon, 1967 .
4- Edward Zeller : Outlines of the history Greek
PhilosophyHenery Holt and Company, New York,
1908 .
5- Sten Ebbesen : Ancient scholastic Logic as the source
of medieval scholasticin Cambridge Press, London,
1982 .
6- W.Kneale, M.Kneale: the development of Logic,
clarendon Press, Oxford, 1966 .
331
332
333
334
3
5
11
14
41
54
61
125
127
197
–
240
298
35
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