BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH

1. Unit 1: Dentistry history timeline

7000-5500BC Primitive dentists drilled nearly perfect
holes into teeth of live patients.
2700 BC One of the oldest known medical
works containing references to
dentistry is the Chinese Canon of
Medicine written
The second century AD The Chinese developed “silver paste”
(amalgam) for fillings.
1723 The first real textbooks appeared
including Pierre Fauchard's
monumental work―Le Chirurgien
Dentiste (―The Surgeon Dentist)
1790’s Porcelain dentures was introduced
1844 Horace Wells used nitrous oxide for
pain relief during tooth extraction
1846 William Morton successfully
performed the first tooth extraction
under ether
1895 Wilhelm Roentgen a German physicist,
discovered the X-ray.
1896 C. Edmond Kells took the first dental
Xray of a living person in the USA
1901
 The British School Dental Service
opened the first UK children’s clinic.
1957
1959

2. Unit 2: What is your favorite dental specialty? Why?

I want to become a prosthodontist in the future because I want to be a part
of giving people their smiles back. I want to be in the process from the
planning to the actual in part where I actually deliver the teeth and give
people their smiles. The really cool thing is the end product, patients are
really happy with their smile and I am happy with this smile.

3. Unit 3: Give some recommendations to your patients.

The use of dental floss
- Wrap roughly 18 inches of floss around the two middle fingers; the
remaining floss can be secured around the preferred fingers of the other
hand. Hold the floss firmly between your thumbs and forefingers - this will
help to free up the thumbs and index fingers, as it is these fingers that will
manipulate the floss. Splitting the two tasks—holding and working the
string—makes flossing easier to accomplish.
- The floss should be maneuvered between the teeth with a gentle rubbing
motion and curved against one tooth until the floss meets the gum line.
Slide the floss gently between the gum and the tooth.
- The floss should be held firmly against the tooth and rub along the surface
of the tooth with a gentle up and down movement. This should be
continued until the back of the last tooth is reached. Follow this process for
the remaining teeth.
- A new section of the floss should be used when plaque builds up on it.

4. Unit 4: Summarize one of the techniques in the text by step by step.

The Step-back Technique Steps
Step 1: Coronal flaring.
Step 2: The apical canal diameter is determined with the master apical file.
 Step 3: The succeeding larger files are shortened by 0.5- or 1-mm
increments from the previous file length.

5. Unit 6: What is the indication of the panoramic radiograph?

INDICATIONS:
- Overall evaluation of dentition
- Examine for intraosseous pathology, such as cysts, tumors, or infections
- Gross evaluation of temporomandibular joints
- Evaluation of position of impacted teeth
- Evaluation of eruption of permanent dentition
- Dentomaxillofacial trauma
- Developmental disturbances of maxillofacial skeleton

6. Unit 7: Do’s and don’ts after tooth extraction - make a list

DO’S
- Use gauze to promote clotting and stop bleeding: You need to leave gauze
in place, biting down gently to apply pressure. This helps to stop the
bleeding and promote clot development. You may change the gauze as
needed. Keep the gauze in place for a few hours after your extraction.
- Get plenty of rest: you rest for at least the first 24 hours and avoid
strenuous activity for at least 48 hours.
- Rest or sleep with head elevated: Sleeping with your head elevated on extra
pillows will help the blood clot and promote healing.
- Take your prescribed medications: Take pain meds as needed and make
sure to take the antibiotics as prescribed until they are gone. This promotes
healing and reduces the risk of complications.
- Use ice packs for pain and swelling: Apply ice packs to your face in 15-
minute intervals for the first 24 hours as needed to help reduce swelling
and ease the pain.
- Eat soft foods: Foods can irritate the extraction site and dislodge a clot. For
the first 24 to 48 hours, stick to soft foods. Also, avoid chewing at the side
of the extraction site.

DON’TS
- Smoking: When it comes to tooth extraction, the chemicals found in
tobacco can affect blood clotting and increase your risk of developing dry
socket. You should refrain from smoking for at least 48 hours after your
extraction.
- Avoid using straws – Using a straw to drink causes a sucking action that can
dislodge your clot, increasing your risk of bleeding and dry socket. Avoid
straws for at least 48 hours.
- Do not spit: Spitting places pressure on the mouth and can affect blood
clotting.
- Avoid rinsing your mouth: Avoid this for the first 48 hours as it can slow the
clotting or even dislodge a forming clot.
- Avoid blowing your nose or sneezing: This is especially true if you have an
upper tooth extraction. The pressure associated with blowing your nose
and sneezing can dislodge the clot.
- Avoid probing the extraction site with your tongue: This can dislodge a
healing clot and increase your risk of dry socket.

7. Unit 8: Pros and cons of braces

❖ Pros:
- Suitable for All Treatments
- Possible to Achieve a Perfect Result
❖ Cons:
- Aesthetics of Braces
- Brushing and flossing teeth is little more difficult with braces

8. Unit 9: How can we reduce dental fear in children?

- Pre-Visit Imagery: provide positive context for dental visit
- Direct observation: watch video or observe cooperative patient undergoing
dental treatment
- Distraction: divert patient’s attention away from something unpleasant
- Tell-Show-Do: goal is to familiarize and desensitize
+ Tell = verbal explanation
+ Show = careful demonstration
+ Do = procedure execution
- Systematic Desensitization: Gradually expose to components of dental
appointment that cause anxiety
9. Unit 10: Write 5 -7 sentences to brief the history of veneer

- In 1928: Dental veneers were first developed by Californian dentist Charles

Pincus to change an actor’s appearance in a film shoot and they were made
by acrylic material. Veneers were only temporarily attached by adhesive
and fitted loosely over the teeth.
- In the 30’s and 40’s: Thanks to technological advances, veneers were made
from porcelain instead of acrylic but the adhesive was still neither strong
nor durable.
- In the 1950s: Dr. Michael Buonocore discovered that the bonding would
solidify and resist wear more if he would lightly etch the enamel of the
target tooth. They discovered that make the key was to make the bonding
surface strong enough for permanent fixings of porcelain dental veneers.
- In the 1980s: Dr. Simonsen and Dr. Calamia discovered that using
hydrofluoric acid in etching and composite resins increased the amount of
time the porcelain veneer would bond to the natural tooth. That make the
modern technique of more permanent veneers appeared.