THE DATA DIALOGUE

COMPLETE
SQL
Guide
Topic Wise Functions
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Basic SQL Syntax

▪ SQL keywords
▪ Data types
▪ Operators
▪ SQL statements
▪ SELECT
▪ INSERT
▪ UPDATE
▪ DELETE

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Data Definition
Language (DDL)

▪ CREATE TABLE
▪ ALTER TABLE
▪ DROP TABLE
▪ TRUNCATE TABLE

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Data Manipulation
Language (DML)

▪ SELECT statement (SELECT,

FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY,
GROUP BY, HAVING, JOINs)
▪ INSERT statement
▪ UPDATE statement
▪ DELETE statement

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Aggregate Functions

▪ SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX

▪ GROUP BY clause
▪ HAVING clause

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Data Constraints

▪ Primary Key
▪ Foreign Key
▪ Unique
▪ NOT NULL
▪ CHECK

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Joins

▪ INNER JOIN
▪ LEFT JOIN
▪ RIGHT JOIN
▪ FULL OUTER JOIN
▪ SELF JOIN
▪ CROSS JOIN

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Subqueries

▪ Types of subqueries (scalar,

column, row, table)
▪ Nested subqueries
▪ Correlated subqueries

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Advanced SQL
Functions

▪ String functions
▪ CONCAT, LENGTH, SUBSTRING,
REPLACE, UPPER, LOWER
▪ Date and time functions
▪ DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, DATEPART,
DATEADD
▪ Numeric functions:
▪ ROUND, CEILING, FLOOR, ABS, MOD
▪ Conditional functions:
▪ CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF

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Views

▪ Creating views
▪ Modifying views
▪ Dropping views

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Indexes

▪ Creating indexes
▪ CREATE INDEX
▪ Using indexes for query
optimization

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Transactions

▪ ACID properties
▪ Transaction management:
▪ BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK,
SAVEPOINT
▪ Transaction isolation levels

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Data Integrity and

Security

▪ Data integrity constraint

▪ Referential integrity, entity integrity
▪ GRANT and REVOKE
statements (granting and
revoking permissions)
▪ Database security best
practices

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Stored Procedures and

Functions

▪ Creating stored procedures

▪ CREATE PROCEDURE
▪ Executing stored procedures
▪ EXEC
▪ Creating functions
▪ Using functions in queries

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Performance
Optimization

▪ Query optimization
techniques
▪ Using indexes, optimizing joins,
reducing subqueries
▪ Performance tuning best
practices

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Advanced SQL
Concepts
▪ Recursive queries
▪ Pivot and unpivot operations
▪ Window functions:
▪ Row_number, rank, dense_rank, lead
& lag
▪ CTEs (Common Table
Expressions)
▪ Dynamic SQL

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Schema Management

▪ Creating schemas
▪ CREATE SCHEMA
▪ Altering schemas
▪ ALTER SCHEMA
▪ Dropping schemas
▪ DROP SCHEMA

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Sequences and
Identity Columns

▪ Creating sequences/identity
columns
▪ Using sequences/identity
columns

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Triggers

▪ Creating triggers
▪ CREATE TRIGGER
▪ Using triggers

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Error Handling

▪ TRY-CATCH blocks
▪ Raising custom exceptions

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Advanced SQL Data

Types

▪ BLOB
▪ CLOB
▪ ENUM
▪ SET, etc.

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Partitioning

▪ Creating partitions
▪ PARTITION
▪ Using partitions

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Regular Expressions

▪ Using REGEXP for pattern matching

in queries
▪ . (Dot): Matches any single character, except
newline characters
▪ * (Asterisk): Matches zero or more of the
preceding character or group
▪ + (Plus): Matches one or more of the
preceding character or group
▪ ? (Question mark): Matches zero or one of
the preceding character or group
▪ ^ (Caret): Matches the start of a string
without consuming any characters
▪ $ (Dollar): Matches the end of a string
without consuming any characters

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Temporal Tables

▪ Creating temporal tables

▪ E.g. GENERATED ALWAYS
▪ Using temporal tables

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Cursors

▪ Understanding and using

cursors
▪ DECLARE
▪ OPEN
▪ CLOSE
▪ DEALLOCATE

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