9

Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Horizontal and Vertical Motion
of a Projectile
Science– Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Horizontal and Vertical Motions of a Projectile
First Edition, 2020

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Layout Artist: Hederlyn L. Ferrer, PhD
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 9
Science
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
Horizontal and Vertical Motion
of a Projectile
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our deal learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different art. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding
of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

2
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Physics. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module includes:

● Lesson 1 – Horizontal and Vertical Motions of a Projectile

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. know the definition of a projectile motion;
2. describe the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity of a projectile
(S9-FE-IVa-34);
3. describe numerically the various features associated with a projectile’s
trajectory (e.g., components of displacement, velocity and acceleration);
4. use kinematic equations to analyze and solve horizontally-launched
projectile problems; and
5. apply projectile motion to daily activities.

3
 What I Know

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you expect about the horizontal velocity of a projectile? (neglecting

air resistance)
a. The horizontal velocity is zero.
b. The horizontal velocity is constant.
c. The horizontal velocity varies with time.
d. The horizontal velocity varies with mass.

2. What is the horizontal acceleration of a projectile?

a. 0 m/s2
b. 9.8 m/s2
c. -9.8 m/s2
d. 0 m/s

3. What is the vertical velocity of a projectile at the peak of travel?

a. 0 m/s2
b. 9.8 m/s2
c. -9.8 m/s2
d. 0 m/s

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. The horizontal acceleration is always zero.
b. Vertical acceleration of a projectile is constant.
c. Horizontal and vertical components of projectile are dependent on each
other.
d. Horizontal and vertical components of projectile are independent on each
other.

5. Which of the following statements is true about the vertical motion of

projectiles?
a. The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is constant.
b. The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is changing.
c. The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is a constant value of 9.8
m/s.
d. The vertical component of a projectile's velocity is changing at a changing
rate.

6. Which of the following is independent of the horizontal component of a

projectile velocity?
a. its range
b. the vertical component
c. time
d. none of these

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7. What component is the velocity of a ball at the very peak of the ball’s path if it
is thrown into the air at some angle?
a. entirely vertical
b. entirely horizontal
c. not enough information
d. both vertical and horizontal

8. What do you call the path of a sepak takraw that is kicked from a height of
two meters?

a. Circular
b. Hyperbolic
c. Linear
d. Parabolic

9. What is the vertical acceleration of the ball after one second after a baseball
is thrown horizontally?
a. 0
b. 1 m/s2
c. 9.8 m/s2
d. -9.8m/s2

10. How fast is a stone if fallen from a cliff at six seconds?

a. 9.8 m/s
b. 19.6 m/s
c. 58.8 m/s
d. 0 m/s

5
Lesson
Horizontal and Vertical
1 Motions of a Projectile

Projectile is any object that has been thrown, shot, or launched upon which
the only force acting is gravity. There are a variety of examples of the projectile, a
soccer ball being kicked, a basketball that was thrown, a rock dropped from rest
and a bullet fired from a gun.

What’s In

Activity 1

Directions: Identify the word/words being described. Choose your answers from the
text box and write them in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

Acceleration Force First law of Motion Gravity

Speed Motion Second law of Motion Velocity
Inertia Third law of Motion

1. It is the distance traveled per unit time.

2. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
3. An object at rest tends to stay in motion with the same speed and the same
direction unless acted upon by an external force.
4. It a push or a pull.
5. It is an invisible force that pulls object toward the center of an object.
6. It is the speed of an object in one direction.
7. It is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with time.
8. It is the change of the position of an object with time.
9. The acceleration of an object which directly related to the net force and inversely
related to its mass.
10. It is the resistance to changes in motion.

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 What’s New

Activity 2: Which will Fall First?

Directions: Perform the activity below and write your observations in your
notebook/on a separate sheet of paper

Materials

2-1 peso coin (should be identical)

table paper pen
Procedures:
1. Place the two coins at the edge of a table.
2. At the same time, push one coin a little bit just to make it fall and flick the
other coin.
3. Listen for the sounds of the coins hitting the floor.
4. Repeat the procedure three times.

Guide Questions:
1. Which fall first?
2. What do you observe to the time of the two coins just before hitting the floor?
3. What is the relationship between the velocity and the time of the coin before
hitting the floor?

What is It

Projectile Motion Defined

Projectile motion is the motion of any object launched into the air and it is
acted only upon by the force of gravity. The object that is thrown is called a projectile,
and its path is called trajectory. The trajectory follows a curved path which is
parabolic.
Every projectile motion has two components: vertical and horizontal motion.
The horizontal component is uniform motion. The vertical component is free fall.
This means that if air resistance is neglected, a projectile moves horizontally at a
constant speed as it falls vertically with acceleration due to gravity, 9.8 m/s 2.These
two components are completely independent of each other. Therefore, the horizontal
and vertical motion can be treated separately.

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 There are varieties of examples of projectile motion. A projectile is thrown at a
certain angle to the horizon, and projectiles are launched horizontally. Let’s study
the vertical and horizontal of each situation.
Horizontally launched Projectile
In the absence of gravity, the coin that you flicked will continue to move
horizontally, consistent with the law of inertia. But with the force of gravity that will
act upon the coin, causes the same vertical motion as before - a downward
acceleration. The coin falls the same amount of distance as it did when it was merely
dropped from rest (refer to the diagram below).

A projectile launched horizontally has no initial vertical velocity. Thus, its

vertical motion is identical to that of a dropped object. The downward velocity
increases uniformly due to gravity as shown by the vector arrows of increasing
lengths. The presence of gravity does not affect the horizontal motion of the projectile.

Source: Science 9
Learning Material

Velocity component vector diagram for projectiles fires horizontally

As for acceleration, horizontal motion is zero, for there is no change in
velocity per second. And the acceleration of vertical motion is equivalent to
acceleration due to gravity which is constant at 9.8 m/s2 (Earth’s gravity).

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The motion of a projectile is simplified in the table below:

HORIZONTAL MOTION VERTICAL MOTION

Force that affects the None Force of the Earth’s gravity
motion
Acceleration ( change in No Acceleration due the
the velocity per second) Earth’s Gravity (Ag = 9.8
m/s2)
Velocity Constant ( no change) Changing by 9.8 m/s per
second

Projectiles Launched at an Angle

When a projectile is launched upward at an angle, its velocity has two components:

1. A constant horizontal velocity that moves in the same direction as the

launch
2. An upward positive vertical component that is decreasing in magnitude
until it becomes zero at the top of the trajectory (therefore, it no longer goes
up any further). But because gravity makes it accelerate downward at a
rate of 9.8m/s2, (therefore it stays at rest for an instant), it will descend
with an increasing negative vertical velocity until it is stopped by
something.

Source: Science 9
Learning Material

Path of a projectile fired with initial velocity vi at an angle to the horizontal. The
trajectory is shown in the black dash, the velocity vectors are in solid arrows, and
velocity components are dashed

Understanding horizontal and vertical components numerically

Recall that vectors are quantities with magnitude and direction. And any vector can
be represented by a vector arrow, the length of which corresponds to the
magnitude, while the arrow point in the direction of the vector quantity.

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 Horizontal Motion Vertical Motion
ax = 0 ay = 9.8 m/s2
Vfx= Vix Vfy = viy- agt
Note: Vfx = vix + axt (since ax is 0m/s 2

the equation will cancel out leaving as

useful equation)
where
ax= horizontal acceleration
t = time
vfx = final horizontal velocity
vix= initial horizontal velocity
where
ay = vertical acceleration
t = time
vfy = final vertical velocity
viy= initial vertical velocity

Vertical velocities are taken positive upward and negative downward from
the point of release.
Horizontally Launched Projectile

Suppose that a stone is launched horizontally with no upward angle initial speed of
15 m/s. If there were no gravity, the stone would continue in motion at 15 m/s in
the horizontal direction. But gravity causes the stone to accelerate downwards at a
rate of 9.8 m/s/s. This means that the vertical velocity is changing by 9.8 m/s every
second. If a vector diagram (showing the velocity of the stone at 1-second intervals
of time) is used to represent how the Horizontal ( x-) and vertical (y-)components of
the velocity of the stone is changing with time, then x- and y- velocity vectors could
be drawn and their magnitudes labeled. The lengths of the vector arrows are
representative of the magnitudes of that quantity. Such a diagram is shown below.

If you tabulate these values:

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 Time Horizontal velocity (V) Vertical velocity (Vy)
0s 15 m/s 0m/s
1s 15 m/s -9.8 m/s
2s 15 m/s -19.6 m/s
3s 15 m/s -29.4 m/s
4s 15 m/s -39.2 m/s
5s 15 m/s -49 m/s

Note: Vertical velocity is computed by using the formula: Vy = - (ag)t .

Sample Problem 1.
A stone is thrown horizontally from a cliff with a velocity of 7m/s. What is the
vertical velocity of the stone after 3 seconds?
Given:
V=7m/s Viy = 0 m/s
t=3s ag = 9.8 m/s2

Solution:
Vfy = viy - agt
Vfy = 0 - ( 9.8 m/s2)(3s)
Vfy= -29.4 m/s

Sample Problem 2
A man dives from a 35 m high cliff and reaches the water with a final vertical
velocity of 45m/s. How much time had elapsed before he reached the water?
Given:
Vfy= 45m/s Viy = 0 m/s
t=? ag = 9.8 m/s2

Solution:
Vfy = viy - agt
-45m/s = 0m/s – 9.8m/s2 (t)
-45m/s
t=
-9.8 m/s2

t = 4.59 s

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 What’s More

Activity 3: Problem Solving

Directions: Analyze and solve the following problems in your notebook/on a
separate sheet of paper. Show your solutions.

1. A moving plane drop of a package at a speed of 25 m/s. What is the vertical velocity
of the package after 20seconds?

2. From a tall building, a girl throws a piece of paper at a velocity of 5m/s. What is
the horizontal velocity of the paper after 5 seconds?

3. At what time will a ball thrown horizontally reach its velocity at 19.6 m/s
downwards?
4. A stone is thrown at a speed of 15m/s. What is the horizontal velocity after six
seconds?

5. A stone is thrown at a speed of 15m/s. What is the vertical velocity after six
seconds?

Activity 4: Projectile Launched at an Angle

How about when a projectile is launched at an angle? Will be the horizontal velocity
will be the same as the projectile launched horizontally? If not, how these two differ?

A soccer ball is kicked at ground level with a speed of 41.6 m/s at an angle of 45 ◦to
the horizontal. For such an initial velocity, the object would initially be moving 29.4
m/s vertically and 29.4 m/s horizontally. These x- and y- initial velocity values will
be discussed in more detail in the next module. The diagram below represents the
problem above.

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Based on the diagram above, fill in the table for the data.

Time Horizontal velocity (Vx) Vertical velocity (vy)

0s
1s
2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
Note: Vertical velocities are taken positive (+) upward and negative (-) downward
from the point of release

Guide Questions:
1. How does horizontal velocity differ from vertical velocity?
2. Based on the table and the graph, what did you observe?

The symmetrical nature of the projectile's motion can be seen in the diagram above.
The vertical speed one second before reaching its peak is the same as the vertical
speed one second after falling from its peak. The vertical speed two seconds before
reaching its peak is the same as the vertical speed two seconds after falling from its
peak. The magnitude of the vertical velocity (i.e., vertical speed) is the same as an
equal interval of time on either side of its peak. At the peak itself, the vertical velocity
is 0 m/s; the velocity vector is entirely horizontal at this point in the trajectory.

Activity 5

Directions: Analyze and solve the following problems in your notebook or on a

separate sheet of paper.

A football player kicked a ball with an initial velocity of 20 m/s at an angle from
the ground.
1. What is the velocity at its peak of flight of the football?
a. 0 m/s2 b. 9.8 m/s c. 0 m/s d. -9.8 m/s

2. What is the horizontal velocity of the football one second after it is being
kicked?
a. 0 m/s2 b. 0 m/s c. 20 m/s d. -9.8 m/s

3. What is the vertical acceleration of the football one second after it reached its
peak?

13
 a. 0 m/s2 b. 9.8 m/s2 c. 0 m/s d. -9.8 m/s2
4. What will happen to the vertical velocity of the football as it falls to the ground?

a. decreases c. remain the same

b. increases d. the velocity is zero

5. What will happen to the horizontal velocity of the football as it falls to the ground?

a. decreases c. remain the same

b. increases d. the velocity is zero

What I Have Learned

Directions: Complete the paragraphs below by providing the correct answers.

Choose from the answers found inside the textbox. Concepts may be used more than
once. Do this in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.

Vertical motion Projectile Projectile Uniform motion independent

motion

Free fall Gravity Trajectory 9.8 m/s2 Constant speed

A (1)____________________ is an object that is thrown, shot or launched upon

which the only force acting is (2)______________. (3)______________________ is the
motion of a projectile. Its path is called is (4)________________). It follows a curved
path which is parabolic.

A projectile has two components-the vertical motion and horizontal motion.

The horizontal component is (5)_________________. The vertical component is
(6)___________________. This means that if air resistance is neglected, a projectile
moves horizontally at (7)________________and it falls vertically with acceleration of
(8)____________. These two components are completely (9)__________________ of each
other. Therefore, the horizontal and vertical motion can be treated separately.

A projectile launched horizontally will be considered to be a free fall because

there is a change only in its _________________.

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Do the following in your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Enumerate at least five (5) things that make use of projectiles in everyday life.
2. Choose one from your answers in number one and draw it.
3. Explain how projectile motion helps you improve real-life situations.

Rubrics for your drawing

CRITERIA 4-5 2-3 1

Presence of All pictures show Half of the drawings Less than half of the
projectile motion projectile motion. shows projectile drawing shows
motion. projectile motion.

Creativity The elements of the The elements of the The album is less
album are album are creative than it
artistically arranged artistically arranged. should be.
and clean.

Incorporation of Used techniques for Used some Used one technique

learning the improvement of techniques for the for the improvement
all the activities improvement of the of the activity based
based on concepts activity based on on concepts and
and principles. concepts and principles.
principles

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 Assessment

Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How much would be the speed reading increase for every second if a freely falling
ball is equipped with a speedometer?
a. 0 m/s
b. 9.8 m/s
c. 10 m/s
d. 20 m/s

2. What is the acceleration of a sepak takraw ball after one second and hit vertically
upwards by a player?
a. 0
b. 1 m/s2
c. 9.8 m/s2
d. -9.8m/s2

3. What is the velocity of a volleyball tossed vertically upward, with an initial velocity
of 5 m/s, and caught back at the same level as when it was thrown?
a. 0 m/s
b. -5 m/s
c. 9.8 m/s
d. -9.8 m/s
4. What point of trajectory has the least speed if a ball is hit at an angle of 30°?
a. Just after it was launched
b. At the highest point in its flight
c. Just before it hits the ground
d. Halfway between the ground and the highest point

5. Which statement about the velocity and acceleration of a ping pong ball is true
suppose it is tossed and reached its highest point?
a. Both its velocity and its acceleration are zero
b. Its velocity is zero, and its acceleration is not zero
c. Its velocity is not zero, and its acceleration is zero
d. Neither its velocity nor its acceleration is zero.
6. Where will the flare land (neglect air resistance) if a speed boat is equipped with a
flare launcher that is capable of launching a sphere vertically (relative to the
snowmobile), and if the snowmobile is in motion and launches the flare that
maintains a constant horizontal velocity after the launch?
a. in front of the speed boat c. in the speed boat
b. behind the speed boat d. in the initial location of launched

7. What do you expect about the horizontal velocity of a projectile? (neglecting air
resistance)

16
 a. The horizontal velocity is zero.
b. The horizontal velocity varies with time.
c. The horizontal velocity is constant.
d. The horizontal velocity varies with mass.

8. What is the horizontal acceleration of a projectile?

a. 0 m/s2 c.-9.8 m/s2
b. 9.8 m/s 2 d. 0 m/s

9. What is the vertical velocity of a projectile at the peak of travel?

a. 0 m/s2 c.-9.8 m/s2
b. 9.8 m/s 2 d. 0 m/s

10. What is the horizontal location of the plane, neglecting air resistance, when the
pilot drops a package and hits the ground?

a. be behind of the package

b. be in front of the package
c. depend on the mass of the package
d. be directly over the package

Additional Activities

Directions: Copy the figure below and draw the correct velocity vectors for the
indicated location in your notebook or on a separate sheet of paper. The choices are
drawn below.
A ball launched upwards from the ground. Location A is given as an example.

17
 18
Additional Activity What I learned
1. Projectile D 10.
2. Gravity D 9.
3. Projectile motion A 8.
4. Trajectory C 7.
5. Uniform motion C 6.
6. Free fall C 5.
7. Constant speed C 4.
8. 9.8 m/s2 B 3.
9. Independent D 2.
10. Vertical motion B 1.
Assessment
Activity 4 Activity 5
Activity 3 Time Horizontal Vertical 1.c
1. -196m/s velocity (Vx) velocity (vy)
0s 29.40 m/s 29.40 m/s 2.c
2. 5m/s
1s 29.40 m/s 19.60 m/s
3. 2s 3.b
2s 29.40 m/s 9.80 m/s
4. 15m/s 3s 29.40 m/s 0 m/s 4.b
5. 58.8 m/s 4s 29.40 m/s -9.80 m/s
5s 29.40 m/s -19.60 m/s 5.c
6s 29.40 m/s -29.40 m/s
1. Horizontal velocity has the same value. In
vertical velocity, it has different value in
every second.
2. Based on the table, the horizontal velocity
is constant. The vertical velocity
decreases until it reached its peak then
there is an increase as it falls down. The
vertical velocity also has the same interval
of velocity as it goes up and as it goes
down.
What I Know What's In Activity 2
1. b Activity 1 1. Both
2. a 1. speed 2. They both hit the floor at
3. d 2. 3rd law of motion the same time.
3. 1st law of motion 3. The velocity increases in
4. c
relation to time
5. c 4. force
6. b 5. Gravity
7. b 6. Velocity
8. d 7. Acceleration
9. c 8. Motion
10. c 9. 2nd law of motion
10. inertia
Answer Key
References

Alvarez, Angeles, Apurada, Carmona, Lahorra, Marcaida,, Olarte, Osorio,

Paningbatan, Rosales and Delos Santos. 2017. Science Learners Module 9.First
Edition( Reprint). Department of Education

Silverio, Angelina A.2007. Exploring Life Through Science Physics. Quezon

City;Pheonix Publishing House

Characteristics of a Projectile’s Trajectory, The Physics Classroom, accessed

January 27,2021, https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-
2/Characteristics-of-a-Projectile-s-Trajectory

Horizontal and Vertical Motion, Education.com, accessed January 28, 2021,

https://www.education.com/science-fair/article/independence-horizontal-vertical-
motion-basketball/

Projectile Motion, Encyclepedia.com, accessed January 27,2021,

https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-
books/projectile-motion

19
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