Map Work :

States and capitals

Union territories and capitals

Neighboring countries

Standard Meridian

Tropic of Cancer, latitude and Longitude extents

Ncert Q3,4

Q. Name the parallel of latitude which divides India roughly into two equal halves.

Tropic of Cancer

Q. Which ideas of India could reach the world?

The ideas of the Upanishads and the Ramayana, the stories of Panchtantra, the Indian
numerals, decimal system could reach many parts of the world.
Q. Name the states of India which do not have an international border or lie on the coast.

Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh

Q. Describe the location of India.

• Lies entirely in Northern hemisphere between latitudes 8°4' N and 37°6' N and longitudes 68°7' E

and 97°25' E.

• Divided by Tropic of cancer (23°30' N) in almost two equal parts.

• In Southeast, Andaman and Nicobar islands lie in Bay of Bengal.

• In Southwest, Lakshadweep islands lie in Arabian Sea.

Q. Describe the size of India .

Total Area of India is 3.28 million square km which is 2.4 percent of the total area of the world.

• It is seventh largest country in the world in terms of landmass.

• It has land boundary about 15,200 km and the total length of the coast line of the mainland
including Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands is 7,516.6 km.

• In the northwest, north and north east of India, young folds mountains bounds it.

• South of about 22° north latitude, India narrows and finally extends towards the Indian Ocean. It
also divides it into two seas, the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on its east.

• The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of the mainland is about 30°.

• India’s east-west extent appears to be smaller than the north-south extent.

• The time along the Standard Meridian (82°30' E) passing through Mirzapur in UP is taken as the
Indian Standard Time for whole country.

• The time gap between Arunachal Pradesh present in the east and Gujarat present in the west is
about 2 hours. The latitudinal extent influences the duration of day and night, as one moves from
south to north.

Q. The central location of India at the head of the Indian ocean is considered of great significance ,
Why ?

India is in a strategic position as it can easily connect by sea routes with the states of
Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Australia, as well as with Europe and West Asia from its
west coast. The Indian Ocean is the conduit for a large part of global trade. India’s energy
resources are in West Asia, where it is also located, making commerce easier with oil-rich
countries.

India can travel to Europe, Africa, and East Asia from its western and eastern ports. It can
interact with its nearest neighbours as well as distant countries. The existence of many
natural harbours and harbours, which are once again extremely important for
communication and economic purposes, has been made possible by the long coastline.
Q. The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west but the
watches show the same time . How does this happen ?

The sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west.
But the clocks show the same time this happens

because: i) The longitudinal gap between Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat is about 30.

ii) Due to this, there is time lag of about two hours between these states.

Q. Explain why 82°30′ E an odd value has been chosen as the standard meridian of India.

82 ° 30 ' E has been selected as the Standard Meridian of India because it is situated in the
centre of all longitudes and latitudes in which our country is located. 82 degree 30 minutes
is selected as standard meridian because it lies almost in center of the India.