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ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022

Railway applications - Welding of

railway vehicles and components -
Part 3: Design requirements

Bahnanwendungen - Schweißen von

Schienenfahrzeugen und -fahrzeugteilen
- Teil 3: Konstruktionsvorgaben

Applications ferroviaires - Soudage des

véhicules ferroviaires et des pièces -
Partie 3 : Exigences de conception

11/2022
 ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022

National Foreword

This European Standard EN 15085-3:2022 was adopted as Luxembourgish Standard

ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022.

Every interested party, which is member of an organization based in Luxembourg, can

participate for FREE in the development of Luxembourgish (ILNAS), European (CEN,
CENELEC) and International (ISO, IEC) standards:

- Participate in the design of standards

- Foresee future developments
- Participate in technical committee meetings
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https://portail-qualite.public.lu/fr/normes-normalisation/participer-normalisation.html

THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED

Nothing from this publication may be reproduced or utilized in
any form or by any mean - electronic, mechanical, photocopying
or any other data carries without prior permission!

ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 15085-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2022

ICS 25.160.10; 45.060.01 Supersedes EN 15085-3:2007

English Version

Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and

components - Part 3: Design requirements
Applications ferroviaires - Soudage des véhicules Bahnanwendungen - Schweißen von
ferroviaires et des pièces - Partie 3 : Exigences de Schienenfahrzeugen und -fahrzeugteilen - Teil 3:
conception Konstruktionsvorgaben
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This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 September 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15085-3:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
 EN 15085-3:2022 (E) ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022

Contents
European foreword ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 6
1 Scope.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references.......................................................................................................................... 7
3 Terms and definitions ......................................................................................................................... 9
4 Design requirements ........................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Dimensioning of welded joints ...................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Stress categories and stress factors ............................................................................................. 10
4.4 Safety categories ................................................................................................................................. 10
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4.5 Weld performance classes ............................................................................................................... 10

4.6 Weld inspection classes .................................................................................................................... 11
5 Quality levels for imperfections .................................................................................................... 12
5.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Quality levels for imperfections for fusion welded joints (beam welding excluded) 12
5.3 Quality levels for imperfections for beam welded joints ..................................................... 13
5.3.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3.2 Quality levels for imperfection for friction stir welding....................................................... 14
5.3.3 Quality levels for imperfections for stud welding related to the weld performance
class.......................................................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.4 Quality requirements for resistance spot welding, projection welding and resistance
seam welding related to the weld performance class ........................................................... 14
5.3.5 Quality requirements for flash welding...................................................................................... 14
5.3.6 Defining quality requirements for other welding processes .............................................. 15
6 Selection of parent metals and welding consumables .......................................................... 15
6.1 Selection of parent metals ............................................................................................................... 15
6.2 Selection of welding consumables ................................................................................................ 15
7 Weld joint design ................................................................................................................................ 16
7.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 16
7.2 Design guidelines ................................................................................................................................ 16
7.2.1 Fabricated box sections .................................................................................................................... 16
7.2.2 Butt welds on parts of dissimilar thickness .............................................................................. 17
7.2.3 Plug welds and slot welds ................................................................................................................ 18
7.2.4 Proximity of two joints...................................................................................................................... 19
7.2.5 Stiffeners welded across a butt weld ........................................................................................... 19
7.2.6 Openings ................................................................................................................................................ 20
7.2.7 Design guidelines for stiffeners and gussets ends .................................................................. 20
7.2.8 Gusset shape ......................................................................................................................................... 20
7.2.9 Weld return ........................................................................................................................................... 21
7.2.10 Fillet weld .............................................................................................................................................. 22
7.2.11 Use of run-on and run-off plates.................................................................................................... 23
7.2.12 Highly restrained joints.................................................................................................................... 23
7.2.13 Mixing of joining techniques ........................................................................................................... 24
7.2.14 Prevention of corrosion problems ............................................................................................... 25
7.2.15 Intermittent welds.............................................................................................................................. 25

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 ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022 EN 15085-3:2022 (E)

7.3 Joint preparation................................................................................................................................. 26

7.4 Methods to improve the fatigue strength (Post weld improvement) .............................. 26
7.4.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 26
7.4.2 Improvement of shape of weld toe ............................................................................................... 27
7.4.3 Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) — stress relief ............................................................... 27
7.4.4 Introduction of compressive stress.............................................................................................. 28
8 Design documentation related to welding................................................................................. 28
8.1 Information on design drawings or documentation linked to the drawings ................ 28
8.2 Design review of welded components ......................................................................................... 30
8.3 Use of existing drawings not according to EN 15085 ............................................................. 30
Annex A (informative) List of welded joints (example) ..................................................................... 31
Annex B (informative) Joint preparation of welds .............................................................................. 32
Annex C (informative) Joint preparation for plug welds ................................................................... 40
Annex D (informative) Types of joints in relation to stresses and inspection classes............ 41
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Annex E (informative) Flash welding........................................................................................................ 42

Annex F (normative) Resistance spot, seam and projection welding .......................................... 45
F.1 General.................................................................................................................................................... 45
F.2 Minimum shear pull forces.............................................................................................................. 50
Annex G (informative) Determination of safety category for welded joints .............................. 52
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
requirements of Directive (EU) 2016/797 aimed to be covered ....................................... 53
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................................ 56

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 EN 15085-3:2022 (E) ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022

European foreword

This document (EN 15085-3:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway
applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by May 2023.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 15085-3:2007.

This series of European Standards EN 15085 “Railway applications — Welding of railway vehicles and
components” consists of the following parts:
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— Part 1: General

— Part 2: Requirements of the organization of welding manufacturer

— Part 3: Design requirements

— Part 4: Production requirements

— Part 5: Inspection, testing and documentation

— Part 6: Maintenance

EN 15085-3:2022 includes the following changes with respect to EN 15085-3:2007.

— The weld performance class CP B has been divided into CP B1 and CP B2 (see Table 2);

— Terms and definitions have been updated;

— The following annexes have been reworked accordingly;

— Annex H has been deleted and part of its content has been integrated into the main text (see 6.2
and 7.1);

— Annex ZA has been added.

This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part
of this document.

Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

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 ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022 EN 15085-3:2022 (E)

According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
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 EN 15085-3:2022 (E) ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022

Introduction

Welding is a special process in the manufacture of railway vehicles and their parts. The required
provisions for this process are laid down in the standards series EN ISO 3834. The basis of these
provisions is the basic technical welding standards with respect to the special requirements for the
construction of railway vehicles.
This series of standards applies to welding of metallic materials in the manufacture and maintenance of
railway vehicles and their parts.
It describes the control for the welding process for railway vehicles and their components for new
manufacture and maintenance.
With respect to the railway environment, this series of standards defines the quality requirements for
the welding manufacturer to undertake new building and repair work.
Components, parts and subassemblies are assigned a classification level, based on their safety relevance.
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According to these levels, qualifications for welding personnel of the manufacturer are specified.
This series provides an essential link between the weld performance class defined during design, the
quality of the weld, and the demonstration of the required quality by inspection.
This series of standards does not deal with product qualification.
NOTE This series of standard can also be used by internal and external parties, including certification bodies,
to assess the organization's ability to meet customer, regulatory and the organization's own requirements.

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 ILNAS-EN 15085-3:2022 EN 15085-3:2022 (E)

1 Scope
This document applies to welding of metallic materials in the manufacture and maintenance of railway
vehicles and their components.
This document specifies applicable design and classification rules.
This document does not specify parameters for the dimensioning.
NOTE Requirements for structures can be found in other standards (e.g. EN 12663).

2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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EN 1011-2:2001, Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of
ferritic steels

EN 12663-1:2010+A1:2014, Railway applications - Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies - Part

1: Locomotives and passenger rolling stock (and alternative method for freight wagons)

EN 12663-2:2010, Railway applications - Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies - Part 2: Freight
wagons

EN 13749:2021, Railway applications - Wheelsets and bogies - Method of specifying the structural
requirements of bogie frames

EN 15085-1:—, 1 Railway applications — Welding of railway vehicles and components — Part 1: General

EN 15085-2:2020, Railway applications - Welding of railway vehicles and components - Part 2:

Requirements for welding manufacturer

EN 15085-4:—, 2 Railway applications — Welding of railway vehicles and components — Part 4:

Production requirements

EN 15085-5:—, 3 Railway applications — Welding of railway vehicles and components — Part 5:

Inspection, testing and documentation

EN 15085-6:—, 4 Railway applications — Welding of railway vehicles and components — Part 6:

Maintenance welding requirements

EN 15827:2011, Railway applications - Requirements for bogies and running gears

1 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 15085-1:2021

2 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 15085-4:2020

3 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: FprEN 15085-5:2021

4 Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: FprEN 15085-6:2021