Anti-Thyroid

Drugs
 Thyroid gland is a butterfly shaped organ
and is situated at the front of the neck in the
lower part of the throat and consists of two
connected lobes on either side of the
trachea.
The thyroid weighs between 20 and 60
grams on average.
 Anti-thyroid drugs
Antithyroid drugs (also called thionamides)
are most often used to treat an overactive
thyroid (hyperthyroidism) caused by
Graves' disease. These drugs block the
formation of thyroid hormone by the thyroid
gland.Antithyroid drugs are very effective
for treating hyperthyroidism. They also
have some side effects. It is important to
learn as much as possible about the
treatment of Graves' disease
 What does the thyroid do?
Your thyroid has an important job to do
within your body — releasing and
controlling thyroid hormones that
control metabolism. Metabolism is a
process where the food you take into
your body is transformed into energy.
This energy is used throughout your
entire body to keep many of your
body’s systems working correctly.
• What causes thyroid disease?

• The two main types of thyroid

disease are hypothyroidism and
hyperthyroidism. Both conditions can
be caused by other diseases that
impact the way the thyroid gland
works.
 Hyperthyroidism is an overactive
thyroid (when it produces too much
thyroid hormone).
Hypothyroidism is an underactive
thyroid (when it does not produce
enough). Hypothyroidism is more
common than hyperthyroidism.
Although the two conditions have
different signs and symptoms.
 Conditions that can cause
hyperthyroidism include:
Graves’ disease: In this condition the
entire thyroid gland might be overactive
and produce too much hormone. This
problem is also called diffuse toxic goiter
(enlarged thyroid gland).
Nodules: Hyperthyroidism can be caused
by nodules that are overactive within the
thyroid. A single nodule is called toxic
autonomously functioning
 Common symptoms include:
 Anxiety
 Difficulty concentrating
 Fatigue
 Frequent bowel movements
 Goiter or thyroid nodules
 Hair loss
 Hand tremor
 Heat intolerance
 Increased appetite
 Increased sweating
hyperthyroidism drugs
The main types used are
carbimazole(also
known as
methimazole)and
propylthiouracil.(PTV)
 Carbimazole is a medicine used to
treat an overactive thyroid
(hyperthyroidism). This is when your
thyroid gland makes too many thyroid
hormones. Your thyroid controls things
like your heart rate and body
temperature.
 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption About 90-100% of
Carbimazole is rapidly absorbed in the
intestines within 15-30 minutes and is
rapidly metabolised to its active
metabolite methimazole that can be
only identified in the blood. The mean
peak plasma concentration of
methimazole is reported to occur one
hour after a single dose of carbimazole.
 therapeutic effect
inhibiting the thyroid peroxidases
(TPO) that catalyze the iodination of
tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin
and the oxidative coupling of
iodinated tyrosines.
 Adverse effect
5. Side effects of carbimazole
• feeling sick (nausea)
• being sick (vomiting) or diarrhoea.
• feeling dizzy.
• headache.
• painful joints.
• itchy skin or rash.
• thinning hair.
 Propylthiouracil (PTU)
PTU inhibits iodine and peroxidase
from their normal interactions with
thyroglobulin to form T4 and T3. This
action decreases thyroid hormone
production
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: 75%
Distribution: 80 to 85% of the drug is bound to
plasma proteins (lipoproteins and albumin are
the major binding proteins), Vd 0.4 L/kg. ...
Onset: 24 to 36 hours are necessary for a
significant therapeutic effect.
Duration: 12 to 24 hours.
Half-life elimination: approximately 1 hour.
Side effects can this medication cause?
1. hair loss.
2. difficulty tasting food.
3. numbness, burning, or tingling of the
hands or feet.
4. joint or muscle pain.
5. swelling of the neck.
Hypothyroidism, also called
underactive thyroid, is when
the thyroid gland doesn't
make enough thyroid
hormones to meet your
body's needs.
 Conditions that can cause
hypothyroidism include:
Thyroiditis: This condition is an
inflammation (swelling) of the thyroid
gland. Thyroiditis can lower the amount
of hormones your thyroid produces.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Autoimmune
disease. The most common cause of
hypothyroidism is an autoimmune
disease called Hashimoto's disease.
An underactive thyroid
(hypothyroidism) is usually treated
by taking daily hormone
replacement tablets called
levothyroxine. Levothyroxine
replaces the thyroxine hormone,
which your thyroid does not make
enough of.
 Levothyroxine,Also known as L-
thyroxine, is a synthetic form of
the thyroid hormone thyroxine. It
is used to treat thyroid hormone
deficiency,
Synthetic T4 hormone are
generally called levothyroxine,
and are considered the standard
treatment
side effects can this medication cause?
weight gain or loss.
headache.
vomiting.
diarrhea.
changes in appetite.
fever.
changes in menstrual cycle.
sensitivity to heat.
END