Mixed review

10 Equivalent systems of
representation: more complex
numbers
1 Find the values of the real parameter m so that the vectors
p  mi  2 j  3k and r  2  m i  mj  7k are perpendicular.

 3  5  11 
2 Show that the vector a  cos  i  j  sin   k is a unit vector.
 4  20  6 

3 Prove that for any two non-zero vectors a and b, a  b  b  a  0 .

4 The triangle ABC, and the vectors AB, BC and CA are given.

a Show that AB + BC + CA = 0.

b Use the relation in part a to show that AB  BC  BC  CA  CA  AB .

c Given that the angle between the vectors CA and AB is denoted by  , show that
sinBAC  sin .

d Hence use the vector product to show the sine rule.

5 The position vectors a1, a2, a3, a4 and a5 represent the vertices A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 of a
pentagon. The position vectors p1, p2 , p3 and p4 represent the midpoints P1, P2, P3 and P4 of
the sides [A2A3], [A3A4], [A4A5] and [A5A1] respectively.

a Draw the diagram and find the vectors P1P3 and P2P4 in terms of the position vectors of the
vertices.

b Given that the points M and N are the midpoints of sides [P1P3] and [P2P4] respectively,
show that the line segment [MN] is parallel to the side [A1A2].

c Determine the ratio A1A2:MN.

5   1
   
6 The vectors AB   3  and AC   4  are given.
4  6 
   

a Find the angle between the vectors AB and AC.

b Hence or otherwise find the area of the triangle ABC, giving your answer correct to 2
decimal places.

7 The triangle with the vertices A(3,0), B(-1,4) and C(-2,1) is given in the coordinate plane.

a Find the vectors AB, BC and CA.

b Find the vectors p, q and r that have the same length and are perpendicular as vectors AB,
BC and CA respectively, that are facing outside the triangle.

c Show that vectors p, q and r form a triangle.

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 Mixed review

Exam-style questions

8 Let z  1  i and w  3  i .

a *Find zw , giving your answer in the form a  bi, for a, b  . (2)

b *Write

i z ii w

in the form rcis , r  

,180    180 . (2)

c Hence, write zw in the form rcis , r  

,180    180 . (2)

d Hence, find the exact values of

i cos75 ii sin75 . (5)

9 A geometric progression has first term a  2 and common ratio r  1  i .

By writing the common ratio in modulus-argument form, find

a the 9th term

b the sum of the first 8 terms.

Give your answers to parts a and b in Cartesian form. (8)

10 Let w  50  50 3i .

a Express w in in the form rcis , where r  

, and  180    180 . (2)

b Hence, solve z2  50  50 3i , giving your answers in the form

z  rcis , where r  
and  180    180 . (6)

c Write down the solutions to z2  50  50 3i in Cartesian form a  bi , where a and b are

real numbers given in exact form. (2)

11 Let w  2  2i.

a Write w in the modulus-argument form rcis , where r  

and  180    180 .
(2)

b Hence, solve z3  2  2i , giving your answers in the form z  rcis , where r  

and
180    180 . (7)

c Write the solution to part b which lies in the 4th quadrant of the argand diagram in the
form a  bi . (1)

Write an expression for the expansion of  a  bi  using the binomial theorem. Give your
3
d
answer in the form A  Bi . (2)

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 Mixed review

 3 2
a  3ab  2
e Hence, find a solution to the simultaneous equations  2 3
for which both a
3a b  b  2

and b are integers. (3)

i
12 Let z  2e 5 .

a **Find the following in the form rei , r  

,      .

1 1
i z2 ii z6 iii z  iv v (10)
z z3


b Find the smallest value of n , n  , so that z n , is purely real. State what this value
of z n is. (3)

c Find the smallest value of m , m  

, so that z m , is purely real and positive. State
what this value of z m is. (3)


d Prove that it is impossible for z k to be purely imaginary for k  . (3)

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Answers

1 m  3,7

2 2 2 2 2
 3   5   11   1  1 1
2 2 a   cos       sin        1
 4   20   6   2 4 2
 

3 b  a  a  b  a  b  b  a  0

4 a AB  b  a, BC  c  b, CA  a  c  AB  BC  CA  b  a  c  b  c  a  0

b AB  BC  AB  ( AB  CA)   AB  CA  CA  AB

BC  CA  BC  ( AB  BC)  BC  AB  AB  BC

c Extend the vectors CA and AB, and the angle  is the angle between the lines CA and AB.

AB BC
d CA  AB  CA AB sin CAB ˆ , so
ˆ  BC  CA  BC CA sin BCA  and
ˆ ˆ
sin BCA sin CAB
AB BC CA
similarly   .
ˆ ˆ ˆ
sin BCA sin CAB sin ABC

1 1
5 a P1P3 
2
 a5  a4  a3  a2  , P2P4  2  a1  a5  a4  a3 

b A2 A1  a1  a2 ,
1 1 1
MN  N  M 
2
 P4  P2  P1  P3   4  a1  a5  a4  a3  a2  a3  a4  a5   4  a1  a2 

c 4:1

6 a 1.43 rad

b 25.5

7 a 4i  4 j, i  3 j,5i  j

b 4i  4 j, 3i  j, i  5 j

c pqr 0

8 a zw  1  i  
3  i  3 1  
3 1 i M1A1

b i z  2cis45 ii w  2cis30 M1A1M1A1

c zw  2 2cis75 M1A1

d i 2 2 cos75  Re  zw  R1

2 2 cos75  3  1 by the result in part a M1

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3 1
 cos 75  A1
2 2

ii 2 2 sin75  Im  zw 

2 2 sin75  3  1 by part a M1

3 1
 sin75  A1
2 2


9 1  i  2cis A1A1
4

8
 
a u9  2  2cis   2  24 cis2  32 M1A1A1
 4

b S8 2
1  i   1  30i
8

M1A1A1
1  i   1

10 a Modulus is 50 1  3  100 , tan arg  3  arg  60 A1A1

w  100cis60

 rcis 
2
b  r 2cis2  100cis60 M1A1

r  10,2  60  360n    30or  150 M1M1

z  10cis30 or10cis  150 A1A1

c From part b, z  5 3  5i or z  5 3  5i A1A1

11 a 
8cis 135  A1A1

b  rcis 
3
 r 3cis3  8cis 135   M1A1

r  2 ,3  135  360n    45or 75or  165 M1M1

 
z  2cis 45 or 2cis75 or 2cis 165   A1A1A1

c z  2cis(45)  1  i A1

d a3  3a2bi  3ab2  b3i  a3  3ab2  3a2b  b3 i     M1A1

e using previous parts, after equating coefficients a 1 b  1 R1A1A1

2
i
12 a i z 2  4e 5
M1A1

6 4
i i
ii z 6  26 e 5
 64e 5
M1A1

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
i
iii z   2e 5
M1A1

1 1 i 5
iv  e M1A1
z 2

1 1 i 3
v 3
 e 5 M1A1
z 8

in
n
b z n  2n e 5
for this to be purely real must be a multiple of  R1
5

So smallest value of n is 5 . Value is 25 ei  32 . A1A1

im
m
c z m  2m e 5
for this to be purely real and positive must be a multiple of 2 R1
5

So smallest value of m is 10 . Value is 210 ei 2  1024 . A1A1

ik
k 
d z k  2k e 5
for this to be purely imaginary must be an odd multiple of R1
5 2

This implies that 2k  5  (an odd integer) which is impossible. A1R1

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