ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY CAGAYAN VALLEY CATTLE ARTIFICIAL

INSEMINATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING CENTER

IMPACT OF HAEMORRHAGIC
SEPTICAEMIA ON ECONOMIC
LOSSES AT ORGANIZED
DAIRY FARMS
ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY (ISU) - COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
FRANCESCA PAZ (CHED) NATIONAL AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES EDUCATION SYSTEM
(NAFES) PROGRAM
 INTRODUCTION
Haemorrhagic septicaemia is a highly contagious bacterial disease. It can cause severe
respiratory distress, fever, and ultimately, death. The disease can have a significant impact on
organized dairy farms in terms of economic losses. It causes a reduction in milk production.
Animals affected by the disease are often unable to produce milk at their full capacity, leading to
a decrease in the amount of milk available for sale. This can result in significant financial losses
for dairy farmers, as milk is a primary source of income for many organized dairy farms. (Singh
et al. 2018).

 To quantify the economic losses associated with

Haemorrhagic Septicaemia. This can include losses
due to decreased milk production, animal mortality,
and treatment costs, as well as the impact of the
disease on the demand for dairy products and the
local economy.

To understand the factors that contribute to the

spread of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia. This can
include factors such as the prevalence of the disease
in the region, the biosecurity practices employed by
the farm, and the vaccination status of the animals.

To evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and

control measures. This can include measures such as

SIGNIFICANCE vaccination, biosecurity practices, and early detection

and treatment.

To inform policy development. This can include

measures to improve biosecurity, increase vaccination
coverage, and support the economic viability of the
dairy industry in areas affected by Haemorrhagic
Septicaemia.
 1. Research assumes that prevention and control
measures, such as vaccination and biosecurity
practices, are taken by the farmers to mitigate the
impact of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) on
organized dairy farms.
2. Limited scope. The study may only focus on a
specific geographic region or a limited number of
farms, which could limit the generalizability of the
findings to other settings.
3. Data availability. The availability of data on HS
cases and economic losses may be limited, which
could impact the accuracy of the results.
4. Time constraints. The study may have time
constraints that limit the depth and breadth of the
research.

LIMITATIONS 5. Limited resources. The project may be

constrained by limited financial and human
resources, which could impact the quality and
scope of the research.
6. Potential biases. The study may be subject to
potential biases, such as selection bias or
reporting bias, which could impact the validity of
the results.

OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES 01
To estimate the impact of hemorrhagic
septicaemia on the productivity and
profitability of organized dairy farms.
GENERAL
OBJECTIVES 02
To determine the prevalence of
hemorrhagic septicaemia among
organized dairy farms.

OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES 01
To determine the direct and indirect
economic losses caused by
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia in
organized dairy farms.
SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES 02
To provide information to policymakers
to inform the development of policies
and strategies for the prevention and
control of Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
in organized dairy farms.
 LITERARY REVIEW
Economic Losses of Organized
Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
Dairy Farms

Major Effects of Haemorrhagic

Hemorrhagic Septicaemia and Its
Septicaemia on Organized Dairy
Effect on Cattle
Farms
 Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is a severe bacterial
disease that primarily affects cattle and buffalo,
causing significant economic losses in organized
dairy farms. Several studies have highlighted the
economic impact of HS on dairy farms in different
countries.

Mekonnen et al. (2018) conducted a study in Ethiopia

and found that HS resulted in a 19% reduction in milk
production, leading to an annual loss of approximately
USD 27 per cow. Rahman et al. (2019) conducted a
study in Bangladesh and estimated that HS caused a
17.5% reduction in milk yield and a 2.8% reduction in
reproductive performance, resulting in an annual loss
of approximately USD 222 per cow. Similarly, Samad
HAEMORRHAGIC et al. (2018) conducted a study in Pakistan and
estimated a loss of approximately USD 167 per cow

SEPTICAEMIA per year due to decreased milk production and

treatment costs. Murugkar et al. (2018) conducted a
study in India and estimated a loss of approximately
USD 44 per cow per year.
 The disease primarily impacts respiratory and
gastrointestinal tracts, resulting in decreased milk
production, animal mortality, and high veterinary
treatment costs. Infected animals experience reduced
milk yield due to clinical signs and reduced appetite,
leading to lower revenue for dairy farms. The loss of
breeding stock and veterinary expenses further
contribute to economic losses. Additionally, the
spread of HS to other farms can decrease consumer
demand for dairy products, affecting the local
economy. Implementing preventive measures such as
vaccination and biosecurity practices is crucial to
mitigate the economic impact of HS on dairy farms
(Akhter et al., 2019). HS can cause a significant
decline in milk production, with studies indicating
MAJOR EFFECTS OF reductions of up to 30%, leading to financial losses of
up to $500 per animal (Ali et al., 2016; Ibrahim et al.,
HAEMORRHAGIC 2020; Rabiee et al., 2014). The cost of vaccination and
SEPTICAEMIA ON control measures also adds to the overall economic
burden.
ORGANIZED DAIRY FARMS
 Hemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) is a fatal bacterial disease caused
by Pasteurella multocida that affects cattle and water buffaloes. It is
transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of contaminated feed or
water. HS poses a significant threat to the dairy industry, leading to
high mortality rates and decreased milk production, resulting in
substantial economic losses (Kumar et al., 2019). Infected animals
display symptoms such as fever, depression, anorexia, difficulty in
breathing, nasal discharge, and swollen lymph nodes, with advanced
stages often resulting in acute death (Goni et al., 2016). Proper
vaccination and management practices are essential in preventing
HS; however, in resource-constrained settings, the disease remains
a significant challenge to livestock production (Goni et al., 2016).

The economic impact of HS extends beyond the direct losses in

cattle. The cost of treatment and prevention, along with the loss of
HEMORRHAGIC productivity due to illness and death, significantly affect the
profitability of organized dairy farms (Kumar et al., 2019). A study in
SEPTICAEMIA AND Bangladesh revealed that HS caused a 3.7% decrease in milk
production in infected cattle, leading to an estimated economic loss
ITS EFFECT ON of US $46 per animal (Rahman et al., 2017). These findings highlight
the need for effective control measures and investment in
CATTLE prevention strategies to mitigate the economic consequences of HS
in the dairy industry.
 Hemorrhagic Septicaemia outbreaks in organized dairy farms have a
significant impact on the financial stability of the farms. The direct costs
of Hemorrhagic Septicaemia include veterinary fees, medication, and
disinfection, while the indirect costs include lost income due to reduced
milk production and mortality of infected animals. A study conducted in
Pakistan reported that the economic loss due to Hemorrhagic
Septicaemia in cattle was estimated to be $33.6 million per year, with the
majority of the losses attributed to decreased milk production and death
of infected animals (Ullah et al., 2018).

In India, Hemorrhagic Septicaemia outbreaks in dairy farms have been

reported to cause a significant decline in milk production, resulting in
substantial economic losses for the farmers. A study conducted in the
state of Assam reported that the average milk production per cow per day
decreased from 3.5 liters to 1.5 liters during an HS outbreak, resulting in a
loss of approximately INR 7,000 ($97) per cow (Gogoi et al., 2020).
ECONOMIC LOSSES
Similarly, a study conducted in Bangladesh reported that the direct and
OF ORGANIZED indirect economic losses due to Hemorrhagic Septicaemia in dairy farms
were significant. The direct costs included veterinary fees and medication,
DAIRY FARMS while the indirect costs included a reduction in milk production and the
death of infected animals. The study estimated the total economic losses
due to Hemorrhagic Septicaemia to be approximately BDT 86,408
($1,031) per farm per year (Amin et al., 2018).
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
OVERVIEW
The theoretical framework for this research is based
on the concept of economic losses due to the impact
of HS on organized dairy farms. The economic
losses can be assessed using the Fisher index
method, which is commonly used to measure the
impact of changes in prices on the economy (Baker,
2018). In this case, the Fisher index method can be
used to measure the economic losses associated
with HS outbreaks on organized dairy farms.
PROPONENTS
The proponents of this research are primarily
researchers and experts in the field of veterinary
medicine, animal husbandry, and agricultural
economics. Their aim is to provide insights into the
economic impact of HS on organized dairy farms and
develop strategies to mitigate the impact of the
disease on the farms and the local economy. The
research can also provide a better understanding of
the disease, its transmission, and the clinical signs
and symptoms in cattle and buffalo, which can aid in
the development of effective control measures
 METHODOLOGY
FISHER INDEX METHOD In assessing the economic losses Haemorrhagic
Septicaemia amasses on organized dairy farms, factors
The Fisher Index Method will be utilized to organize the that can be observed further are:
input and output of the organized dairy farm. Livestock are 1. Cost of Treatment
more susceptible to Haemorrhagic Septicaemia during the 2. Milk Yield
rainy season, to examine this further, there will be four 3. Mortality Rates
charts. The first two will measure the income of an 4. Consumer Demand
organized dairy farm without inflictions of Haemorrhagic 5. Regional Economic Impact
Septicaemia during the dry season and rainy season, and
the latter two will be an examination of dairy farms
inflicted with Haemorrhagic Septicaemia during the dry
season and rainy season.
 METHODOLOGY

Source: Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and

Forestry ABARES
 EXPECTED OUTPUTS

QUANTITATIVE ACCURATE INCREASE IN

ASSESSMENT AND RELIABLE THE
OF THE ESTIMATES OF SCIENTIFIC
ECONOMIC ECONOMIC WORKFORCE
LOSSES LOSSES
 THANK YOU!

BY CLAUDIA ALVES Thesis Defense Presentation Template