You are on page 1of 3

<Grammar Point (noun modification)>

So far, we’ve learned how to modify (give extra information) onto a noun:

1) With another noun --- <N1> の <N2>                


e.g. 父(ちち)の車(くるま) (my father’s car)

2) With い-adjective --- <い adj.> い <N>                


e.g. 古(ふる)い車 (an old car)

3) With な-adjective --- <な adj.> な <N>                


e.g. 有名(ゆうめい)な車 (a famous car)

The modifying word comes before the noun, and the same applies to a
clause:

<How to modify a noun with a clause>

a) Verbs, adjectives and nouns in a clause that modifies a noun are in the
PLAIN FORM. With な adjectives, this is〜な, and with nouns it is 〜の:

ロンドンへ行(い)く人     a person who goes to London

     行(い)かない人   a person who doesn’t go to London

     行(い)った人    a person who went to London

     行(い)かなかった人 a person who didn’t go to London

背(せ)が高(たか)くて、髪(かみ)が黒(くろ)い人        
a tall, black-haired person

親切(しんせつ)で、きれいな人     a beautiful, kind person

40 歳(さい)の人          a 40-year-old person 

b) Noun-modifying clauses are used with the various sentence patterns


shown below:

これは山田(やまだ)さんが住(す)んでいた家(いえ)です。     
This is the house where Mr. Yamada used to live. <as predicate>

山田(やまだ)さんが住(す)んでいた家(いえ)は古(ふる)いです。 
The house Mr. Yamada used to live is old. <as topic>

山田(やまだ)さんが住(す)んでいた家(いえ)を買(か)いました。 
I bought the house where Mr. Yamada used to live in. <as direct object>
私は山田(やまだ)さんが住(す)んでいた家(いえ)が好(す)きです。
I like the house where Mr. Yamada used to live in. <as subject>

山田(やまだ)さんが住(す)んでいた家(いえ)にねこがいました。  
There was a cat in the house where Mr. Yamada used to live. <as location>

山田(やまだ)さんが住(す)んでいた家(いえ)へ行(い)ったことがあ
ります。                         I’ve been to
the house where Mr. Yamada used to live in. <as direction>

In short, where you find a noun can always be modified in this way.

c) The subject of a noun-modifying clause is marked by が:

これは母(はは)が作(つく)ったケーキです。 This is the cake that my


mother made.

私はジェマちゃんが描(か)いた絵(え)が好(す)きです。      
I like the picture that Gemma painted. 

ピカソが生(う)まれた所(ところ)を知(し)っていますか。     
Do you know the place where Picasso was born?

<EXTRA>

<V-dic.> + 時間(じかん) (time) /約束(やくそく) (appointment,


engagement, promise) /用事 (ようじ)(business, errand, things to do)

When talking about the time required for doing something or describing
an appointment, errand, etc., the verb is put in the dictionary form and is
placed in front of the noun 時間(じかん), 約束(やくそく), 用事 (よう
じ)etc..

昨日(きのう)は朝(あさ)ご飯(はん)を食(た)べる時間(じかん)が
ありませんでした。
  As for yesterday, (I) did not have time to eat breakfast.

来週(らいしゅう)友達(ともだち)と映画(えいが)を観(み)る約束
(やくそく)をしました。
  (I) made an arrangement to see a film with a friend next week.

今日(きょう)銀行(ぎんこう)へ行く用事(ようじ)があります。
  (I) have an errand to go to the bank today.

You might also like