Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Subject Forces on cargo and lashing during transport Date 19 January 2018 Page 1/11 Sap nr. 60000154301
Doc. nr. 020201000 Region Europe Rev. 00
This guideline describes the forces generally taken in to consideration for a cargo transported by Mammoet,
to verify if the cargo, lashing and support points are suitable for the planned transport.
This guideline provides the magnitude of internal and external forces to be taken in to account when
checking the cargo and its lashing points. It will also offer an insight in reasons for lashing
NOTE
THIS DOCUMENT IS PREPARED ON THE BEST KNOWLEDGE AT THE TIME OF WRITING AND SUBJECTED TO
NEW INSIGHTS. FOR ALTERATIONS CONTACT THE OWNER
4 Lashing 7
4.1.1 Lashing for stability of the cargo 7
4.1.2 Lashing for internal forces 7
4.1.3 Lashing for local stability of the trailer 7
This guideline describes the forces generally taken in to consideration for a cargo transported by Mammoet,
to verify if the cargo, lashing and support points are suitable for the planned transport. This document is
meant as a reference for engineers who need to verify cargo to be transported. Readers should have basic
knowledge of hydraulic trailers and their suspensions system. Details of support construction of hydraulic
trailers and the trailer calculations are not discussed in this document.
This document has been originated by Mammoet and is intended to give recommendations and guidelines in
general. In particular cases criteria might need to be increased to cover all dynamic influences in other cases
they could be decreased when influences can be ruled out.
A standard of 1% of the total weight of the cargo is taken into account as wind loads in the Combined COG
For detailed calculation generally a wind pressure of 120N/m2 (Bft 6 at 10 minute mean) is used at the
geometric center of the wind area.
2.3 Inclinations
Figure 2-1 Inclination of the trailer deck will increase forces parallel to the deck and decrees forces perpendicular to the
deck
The inclination of the trailer deck will imply horizontal forces on the cargo and decrease the normal force.
These effects have to be taken into account when checking the lashing and blocking of the transport. Based
on all known inclinations on the transport route.
In most transports the trailers within the transport are coupled longitudinally and transverse by their internal
couplings. These couplings ensure differences in driving force between drive axles or wrenching of the tire
due to steering differences are kept within the trailer system and are not transferred into the cargo.
However if the internal couplings are not possible, these forces need to travel through the cargo. Mammoet
applies the following in house factors based on experience
• 50% of the theoretical driving force (of the strongest trailer)
• 25% of the cargo supported by the trailer when there is no drive force available within the trailer.
The forces engage at the road level introducing both moment and a force parallel to the road surface in to the
cargo
Figure 3-1: Internal forces within open configuration blue arrows show local forces in the trailer gray arrows
show internal forces of the trailer
4 Lashing
4.1.2 Lashing for internal forces Figure 4-1: Lashing to secure load on trailer
In the picture below the connection for internal forces is marked in green
In the picture below the additional lashing is still in the process of being connected to the cargo.
In the picture below the additional lashing to provide stability to the trailers is marked in green