2018

Junior Division
Yrs 7 & 8
Ages 12, 13 & 14

RULES

1. Do not open the book until told to do so by your teacher. The quiz
consists of 30 multiple choice questions to be answered in one hour.

2. Calculators and rough-working paper are permitted.

3. Record all your answers on the computer sheet provided, in the way
indicated on the back of the book using a soft lead pencil.

© No part of this paper may be reproduced without permission from the

Royal Australian Chemical Institute

Brought to you by the

 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
2018 RACI AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL CHEMISTRY QUIZ
YEARS 7 & 8

DATA

The names and symbols of some elements are given below:

aluminium Al chromium Cr manganese Mn silver Ag

antimony Sb cobalt Co nickel Ni sodium Na
arsenic As copper Cu nitrogen N strontium Sr
barium Ba gold Au oxygen O sulfur S
cadmium Cd hydrogen H phosphorus P technetium Tc
calcium Ca iron Fe potassium K tin Sn
carbon C lead Pb selenium Se titanium Ti
chlorine Cl magnesium Mg silicon Si uranium U

The structure of molecules:

Molecules are two or more atoms chemically joined (“bonded”). Structural formulae show the arrangement of atoms in molecules.
Single () and double (═) strokes represent bonds joining atoms together. Hydrogen atoms only have one bond joining them to
other atoms, oxygen atoms have a total of two bonds and carbon atoms have a total of four bonds.

H-H O=O

Hydrogen molecule (H2) Oxygen molecule (O2) Methane molecule (CH4)

Units of measure

Symbol Name Value

m milli 1/1000
c centi 1/100
k kilo 1000

Metric units

Quantity Equivalent metric unit

3
1L 1 dm
3
1 mL 1 cm

Image Acknowledgements:

The images below have been reproduced with permission from the following sources:

x Q6: AMRI Studios, Portland USA

x Q7: Sebastian Ritter/Wikimedia Commons
x Q14: R: Crystal Brook Farm, Sterling, MA, USA; S: the New England Cheese Making Supply Co, South Deerfield, MA,
USA; T: Walo von Mühlenen/Wikimedia Commons; U: http://southernaged.com/
x Q15: B & D: MicroMedia
x Q19: Image from Nature 257: 28-32; A: Zephyris/Wikimedia Commons; B: Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy
of Sciences; C: 3pr/Wikimedia Commons; D: Johan Jarnestad/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
x Q20: Advanced Microscopy, the University of Utah, USA
x Q28: stem – unknown photographer/The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Azazell0/Wikimedia Commons
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for the questions 1 to 4

A teacher did a demonstration for her class, in

which she put a small piece of magnesium into a
test tube with a small amount (5 mL) of
hydrochloric acid solution (HCl). Bubbles of gas
started to form straight away. The teacher
collected the gas in another test tube until the
bubbling stopped and there was about half of the
magnesium left. The teacher then lit the gas and
there was a soft popping sound.

Patrick asked the teacher. “If you use more acid,

will you make a louder explosion?”

Quentin said that he wanted to help Patrick do an

experiment to test his question.

Rose asked the teacher what chemicals were left

in the liquid.

Question 1
Which of the following is a good hypothesis for Patrick’s experiment?
A. If more magnesium is used then it will make a bigger pop.
B. If bigger test tubes are used then the pop will be bigger.
C. If more acid is used then there will be a bigger pop.
D. If a bigger flame is used then the gas will make a louder pop.

Question 2.
Quentin collected the following equipment. Which would be least helpful for this experiment?

A. B. C. D.

Question 3.
Safety is very important in chemistry. Which of the following is the least important safety rule for Patrick and Quentin?

A. Handle glassware with care because broken glassware can cause cuts.
B. Be careful not to spill any acid, as it can damage objects and burn skin.
C. A lit wooden splint is a fire risk, so take extreme care when using it.
D. Keep the Bunsen burner on safety flame when not using it.

Question 4.
Rose set up an evaporating basin. After removing the unreacted magnesium from the bottom of the test tube, she poured the liquid
into the evaporating basin and left it over the weekend. The next week when Rose looked at it, there was only a white salt-like
powder left in the bottom of the basin.

If magnesium and hydrochloric acid were the only chemicals in the test tube at the start, then the white powder was most likely

A. magnesium chloride (MgCl2).

B. magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
C. sodium chloride (NaCl).
D. copper sulfate (CuSO4).
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 5.
Early human societies used metals such as copper, gold and tin. Iron is much more abundant in the Earth’s crust than copper, gold
or tin. However, iron objects, such as the dagger found in the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun’s tomb, were very rare because they
were made from iron that came from meteorites. The most likely reason for iron being so rarely used in ancient times is the fact
that, compared with copper, gold, and tin,
A. iron is harder.
B. iron is less shiny, and was therefore less attractive.
C. iron, because of its density, is only found deep in the Earth’s crust.
D. iron is more reactive, and so is more difficult to obtain from its ores.

Question 6.
Glass is mainly made from melted sand, which contains silicon dioxide, also known as silica. Stain glass is glass that is coloured.
This is usually due to an added chemical. Some colours of stained windows are listed below, with possible glass additives.

Colour Green Blue Red Yellow White Purple

Possible Iron(II) oxide Cobalt Gold Silver nitrate Tin dioxide Manganese
glass Chromium Sulfur Copper Titanium Antimony Nickel
additives Tin oxide Copper oxide Selenium Cadmium Arsenic Lead
Arsenic Nickel Uranium

A stained glass window (pictured on the right) is a

combination of red, blue, green and clear glass.

Which combination of chemicals might be found in the

window glass.

A. Chromium, cobalt, cadmium and lead

B. Iron(II) oxide, nickel, copper and silica
C. Iron(II) oxide, nickel, gold and tin dioxide
D. Chromium, sulfur, copper and cadmium

Question 7.
Heads of matches contain a mixture of substances.
One older type of match contains a mixture of two
chemicals, phosphorus sulfide, P4S10, and
potassium chlorate, KClO3. These react and burst
into flame when the match is heated by friction with
the side of the matchbox. The potassium chlorate
provides the oxygen needed to make the
phosphorus sulfide burn.

Once the mixture has been used up, what provides the oxygen needed for the match to keep burning?
A. Air C. Potassium chlorate
B. The wood of the match D. Heat from the match-head

Information for questions 8 and 9:

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) does not react in acid but calcium carbonate (CaCO3) gives bubbles of carbon dioxide when mixed with dilute
acid. Both SiO2 and CaCO3 are the main compound in different rocks.

Compound Rocks containing the compound

in large proportions
Silicon dioxide sandstone, granite, quartzite
Calcium carbonate travertine, marble, limestone
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 8.
A student had a beaker of some unknown acid. She placed a piece of limestone (CaCO3) into the acid, where it bubbled vigorously
until only a small part of the limestone was left. She then added some barium nitrate (Ba(NO 3)2) and a precipitate of barium sulfate
(BaSO4) formed.
The acid was most likely
A. hydrochloric acid (HCl). C. sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
B. nitric acid (HNO3). D. ethanoic acid (CH3COOH).

Question 9.
Mining can provide many useful products. The table lists and describes some common rocks and important historical structures that
have been made from these rock types.
HISTORICAL STRUCTURE ROCK
The Colosseum Travertine
Red Pyramid of Egypt Granite
Great Pyramid of Giza Limestone
Taj Mahal Marble
Which structure is LEAST at risk from acid rain damage?
A. The Colosseum C. Great Pyramid of Giza
B. Red Pyramid of Egypt D. Taj Mahal

Question 10.
Water is an unusual compound. Pure water will freeze at 0 qC and boil at 100 qC at sea level. If you take a sample of liquid water
and cool it, its volume decreases until the temperature reaches 4 qC, then it expands until the temperature reaches 0 qC. It expands
rapidly again as it freezes to ice.
What happens to the mass of a sample of water while it is cooled and frozen?
A. It does not change.
B. It decreases until 4 qC, then increases until 0 qC, then decreases when the water freezes.
C. It decreases until the water has frozen.
D. It increases until 4 qC, then decreases until 0 qC, then rapidly decreases when the water freezes.

Information for questions 11 and 12

Eliza made up a salt solution by dissolving 5 g of salt in water to give a total of 100 mL of solution. Salt concentration is the amount
of salt dissolved per volume of solution. For example, the mass of salt dissolved in one litre of solution.

Four of her classmates also made up salt solutions.

Student Mass of salt (g) Total volume of

solution (mL)
Ashleigh 10 500
Brodie 15 300
Cate 40 400
Dylan 100 500

Question 11.
Which student made up a solution with the same salt concentration as Eliza?

A. Ashleigh C. Cate
B. Brodie D. Dylan

Question 12.
Different bodies of water around the world can have different salt concentrations.

Water body Salt concentration (g/L)

Baltic Sea 10
Chilika Lake, India 25
Pacific Ocean 35
Great Salt Lake 100
Dead Sea 300

Which sample of water has the same approximate concentration as Cate’s solution?

A. Baltic Sea C. Great Salt Lake

B. Pacific Ocean D. Dead Sea
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 13.
A piece of wood of mass 100 grams was burnt until all that remained was 5 grams of ash.
The rest of the mass of wood
A. formed gases which mixed with the air. C. was destroyed.
B. turned into oxygen molecules. D. was left in the ash.

Information for questions 14 and 15

Cheese-making can be very complex but one simplified method is as follows:

Step 1: Curdling – when rennet is added to the milk. The solid lumps that form are called curds.
Step 2: Draining – when the watery whey is separated from the curds.
Step 3: Salting – when salt is added to the curds to help drying.
Step 4: Ripening – when the cheese is pressed then left to get the right flavour and consistency.

Question 14.
The following photographs show the cheese-making process but they are out of order.

R S

T U

The correct order for the cheese-making process is

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

A. S R U T
B. S U T R
C. T U R S
D. T S U R
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Question 15.
Which laboratory equipment would best model how to separate the curds and whey?

A. B. C. D.

Information for questions 16 and 17

Cheese can be classified based on its water (moisture) content.

Percentage Cheese Type Example

water
13-34% Very hard Parmesan
34-45% Hard/semi-hard Cheddar
45-55% Soft Mozzarella
55-80% Very soft Ricotta

Question 16.
A 10.0 g sample of cheese was placed in a drying oven. The next day, the sample was completely dry and weighed 7.7 g.

Which cheese type would it likely have been?

A. Very hard B. Hard C. Soft D. Very soft

Question 17.
Four samples of cheeses, each weighing 30 g, were analysed.

Cheese Total energy Total fat (g) Calcium Sodium

(kilojoules) (mg) (mg)
Parmesan 464 7.3 336 454
Cheddar 477 9.4 204 176
Mozzarella 356 6.3 143 178
Ricotta 163 2.2 77 35

Based on the information, which statement is most correct?

A. As water content increases in cheese, the total energy increases.

B. As water content increases in cheese, the total fat content increases.
C. As water content increases in cheese, the calcium content decreases.
D. As water content increases in cheese, the sodium content increases.

Question 18.
Fireworks need some chemicals to be the explosive part, as well as other chemicals to make the different colours. It has been
known for many centuries that metals in compounds can be used to make colours. Some fireworks are made from the following
chemicals:
Green Fire Red Fire Yellow Fire
Barium nitrate Strontium nitrate Potassium chlorate
Potassium chlorate Potassium chlorate Sodium oxalate
Sulfur Charcoal Charcoal
Sulfur Sulfur
The red colour in Red Fire is most likely due to
A. charcoal. B. potassium. C. sulfur. D. strontium.
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for questions 19 and 20

The 2017 Nobel Prize for Chemistry was jointly awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson. Their
research in electron microscopy allowed scientists to see the molecular structure of biological compounds in different situations in
high resolution.

Question 19.
In 1975, Richard Henderson was able to take one of the best
images of a protein using an electron microscope (shown on the
right). The protein is found in the part of leaves that perform
photosynthesis and forms coils that extend up. However, he was
not satisfied with the quality of the image and, by 1990, he had
achieved an image of the protein at the resolution of individual
atoms.

Based on the 1975 image, which of the following would be the improved 1990 image of the protein?

A. B. C. D.

Question 20.
When water freezes, it expands and forms a three-dimensional crystal, with regular hexagons. However, this expansion is a
problem for making images of biological molecules, because very low temperatures cause the ice to expand and break the
molecules, such as those in cells of living things. Jacques Dubochet came up with a method called vitrification, where he essentially
snap froze the water and molecules, stopping the water from expanding.

Which of the following correctly labels the pictures?

A. Liquid water Liquid water in a cell Ice crystals in a cell

B. Liquid water Ice crystals in a cell Vitrification of a cell
C. Frozen water (ice) Vitrification Ice crystals in a cell
D. Frozen water (ice) Ice crystals in a cell Vitrification of a cell
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Information for questions 21 and 22

If a small amount of salt is added to water and stirred, it will dissolve. If more salt is added and stirred, there comes a point where
no more salt will dissolve (the solution is said to be saturated). The graph below shows the maximum amount of salt that will
dissolve at a variety of solution temperatures. For example, for boiling water (100 qC), approximately 39 g of salt can be dissolved.

If any more salt is added, it will stay on the bottom of the container undissolved.

Question 21.
Four students were given four separate amounts of salt to add to beakers of water containing 100 mL of water, each at a different
temperature.

Student Amount of Salt Temperature

(g) (qqC)
Hong 36.5 20
Indira 37.5 40
Jasmine 38.5 60
Kris 39.0 80

Which student will have the most salt left over in their beaker once they have dissolved as much as they can?

A. Hong B. Indira C. Jasmine D. Kris

Question 22.
Kris let his solution cool down to 20 qC and the amount of salt that was undissolved grew on the bottom.

What approximate mass of salt was left on the bottom of his beaker once it had cooled down?

A. 1.0 g B. 3.2 g C. 3.4 g D. 35.8 g

Question 23.
The three main components of liquified air by volume are nitrogen, oxygen and argon. Their respective boiling points are:

Component nitrogen argon oxygen

Boiling Point (°C) –196 –186 –183
Abundance 78% 1% 21%

Liquified air can be separated into its three main components by careful distillation. The graph shows the temperature of a liquified
air mixture as it is heated (in Section L, all three components are liquid).

R The liquid in Section P of the graph has

Q
O P
Temperature (°C)

M N
A. nitrogen only.
L
B. oxygen only.
C. nitrogen and argon only.
D. oxygen and argon only.

Time (minutes)
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8

Question 24.
A technician was analysing some waste water from an industrial plant. He collected 500 mL of the water and separated it into two
250 mL samples. He filtered one sample and evaporated the water from the other one. He weighed the dried solid residue from
each sample. He found that the mass of solid from the filtered sample was 40 g and the mass from the evaporated sample was
55 g. What mass of soluble and insoluble material was in 1 L of the waste water?

Mass of soluble material (g/L) Mass of insoluble material (g/L)

A. 15 40
B. 30 80
C. 60 160
D. 60 220

Information for questions 25 and 26

Sulfuric acid, H2SO4 is manufactured by a series of reactions.

(i) Sulfur is firstly burnt in oxygen to form sulfur dioxide (SO2);
(ii) Sulfur dioxide is then reacted with more oxygen to form sulfur trioxide (SO 3);
(iii) By mixing sulfur trioxide with concentrated sulfuric acid, a substance called oleum is formed;
(iv) By adding some extra water to oleum, more sulfuric acid is formed.

Question 25
The basic building blocks of chemistry are atoms. Each element has its own distinct atoms. Atoms can join to form molecules. A
compound is a substance that has two or more elements chemically joined together.
In one step, a sample of a gas contains a mixture of oxygen (O2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3). Which of the
following statements is true?
A. The sample only contains three types of atoms.
B. The sample only contains three atoms.
C. The sample only contains molecules of elements.
D. The sample only contains two compounds.

Question 26.
Based on the reactions above, which of the following does NOT correctly list one reactant and one product for one of the reactions?
Reaction Reactant Product
A. (i) sulfur sulfur dioxide
B. (ii) sulfur trioxide sulfur dioxide
C. (iii) sulfur trioxide oleum
D. (iv) oleum sulfuric acid

Question 27.
Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is a manufactured radioisotope that is used in medical imaging, for problems such as stress fractures.
Technetium-99m has a half-life of 6 hours; that is, every 6 hours only half the amount of Tc-99m is left. An example of the decay of
Tc-99m is graphed below.

If a 160 mg sample of Tc-99m was left for 18 hours, what mass would remain?
A. 0 mg B. 10 mg C. 20 mg D. 40 mg
 ANCQ 2018 YEARS 7 & 8
Information questions 28 and 29

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble

vitamin that is important for the health of our nerves. Its
structure was first identified by x-ray crystallography by
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1964 –
pictured below).

Vitamin B12

Question 28.
A molecule of Vitamin B12 has:
(i) one cobalt atom and one phosphorus atom;
(ii) 14 nitrogen atoms for every phosphorus atom;
(iii) one oxygen atom for every nitrogen atom;
(iv) 63 carbon atoms for each cobalt atom;
(v) 25 more hydrogen atoms than carbon atoms.

Its chemical formula is

A. CoPN14O14C63H88. B. CoPN14OC63H88. C. CoPN14O14C63H25. D. CoPN14OC63H25.

Question 29.
It is recommended that you eat about 20 micrograms of B12 per week. This vitamin can be found in different types of eggs:

Chicken Egg Duck Egg Quail Egg Goose Egg

Vitamin B-12
0.5 4.0 0.5 7.0
(micrograms)

Which of the following combinations would supply a weekly dose of vitamin B12?

A. Four duck eggs B. Two duck eggs and ten quail eggs
C. 20 chicken eggs D. Three goose eggs

Question 30.
Complete the crossword. The first letters, in order down the column, will form the name of an important element found in a vitamin.

Food that can be made from curds.

Component of air that is needed for fire to burn.

Sea with a salt concentration of 10 g/L.

Gas mixture that we breathe.

State of water at 25 qC.

Number of elements in a water molecule.

The name of the element is

A. carbon. B. copper C. cobalt D. sodium

Questions compiled & typeset by Andrew Eaton, Wollondilly Anglican College, NSW, with thanks for advice and assistance from Jim Sturgiss, Martin Sormus
and Thomas Hart, NSW; and Michael Healy and Roger Stapleford, Vic.
 COMPUTER MARKED ANSWER SHEETS
The ANCQ is marked by a computer. The computer reads the answer sheet by sensing the blanked out numbers or letters.

“Blanking Out” is completely filling in a circle on the answer sheet.

x ONLY MARK WHERE INDICATED - Completely remove ALL other marks.

x NO TORN, BENT OR CRUMPLED SHEETS - Ask for a new sheet if in doubt.

x NO PEN - Answer sheets can be marked using SOFT LEAD PENCIL ONLY.

Student Name School Number

You must PRINT your
name and BLANK OUT
the corresponding letter
directly below.
The name printed on
the certificate will be
taken from the
BLANKED OUT letters.
Assigning Answers
(Blanking Out)
The answer to each
question is indicated by
completely filling the
circle for the CORRECT
answer.
Each school has a
JONES NATHAN
unique six digit
number. Your teacher
will provide the school
number.
Year Level & Gender
Blank out the year
level of the paper you
are attempting.
Certificates cannot be
awarded to students
who have failed to
complete these
details.

All other circles are left Mistakes & Corrections

unmarked.
The mark must be
Failure to completely completely removed
blank out the correct using a SOFT eraser.
answer may result in
lost marks. School Details Failure to completely
remove an incorrect
Complete school details in CAPITAL letters answer, or leaving
rubbing out marks, may
result in lost marks.
 201ϴ ANSWERS
YĞĂƌƐ7 & 8 YĞĂƌƐ 9 & 10 Year 11Year 12
QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER QUESTION ANSWER
1  1  1  1 
2  2  2  2 
3 D 3  3  3 
4  4  4  4 
5  5  5  5 
6  6  6  6 
7 A 7  7  7 
8 C 8 B 8  8 
9 B 9 A 9  9 D
10  10  10  10 
11  11  11  11 
12  12 B 12  12 
13  13  13  13 
14  14  14  14 
15  15  15  15 B
16  16  16  16 
17  17  17  17 
18  18  18  18 
19  19  19  19 
20  20  20  20 
21  21  21 D 21 
22  22  22  22 
23  23  23  23 
24  24 B 24  24 
25 D 25  25  25 
26  26  26  26 
27  27 A 27  27 
28  28  28  28 C
29  29  29  29 
30  30  30  30